Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to elucidate whether basophilic cells in nasal secretion belong to blood basophil or tissue mast cell, basophilic cells in the blood, nasal secretion, and nasal mucous membrane were electron microscopically observed in patients with house dust nasal allergy. The majority of basophilic cells in the nasal secretion was identical with the blood basophil in structure. The blood basophils pass through the vessels and emigrate in the mucous blanket in allergy.
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PMID:Electron microscope study of basophilic cells in allergic nasal secretions. 73 29

This paper reports the presence of memory T cells in the nasal mucosa of allergic patients. The demonstration of CD4+/CD29+ (CD4+/CD45RO+) T lymphocytes, which are capable of interleukin-4 production, can indicate a complementary cell-mediated regulatory mechanism for mast cell proliferation and IgE synthesis in human nasal allergy. No substantial IgE production can be obtained in the absence of IL-4. Therefore, the existence of IL-4 producing cells on site in the nasal mucosa of allergic subjects probably implies a complementary interaction between cytokines and different immunocompetent nasal cells in the regulation of B cells and IgE synthesis.
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PMID:Nasal memory T lymphocytes capable of producing IL-4 in the allergic reaction. 144 56

Mast cells are widely distributed in various organs. Two classes of mast cells, the mucosal mast cell (MMC) and the connective tissue mast cell (CTMC), have been shown to exist in the intestine of experimental animals. In the present study, we investigated the method of staining suitable for observing the mast cells distributing in the nasal mucosa, and also examined by the use of two fixatives whether the mast cells have properties of MMC or those of CTMC. A neutral buffered formalin solution and Carnoy's solution were used as fixative. For staining, five solutions, i.e., toluidine blue (TB) solution (pH 0.5, 2.5, and 4.0), 0.4 M MgCl2-alcian blue (AB) solution, and naphthol AS-D chloracetate (NAS-DC) solution, were tested. In the specimen fixed with Carnoy's fixative, staining with pH 0.5 TB showed the largest number of mast cells in all mucosal layers, particularly in the epithelial layer. The number of these mast cells agreed with that of the cells positive to pH 0.5 AB and also with that of the tryptase-positive cells stained immunohistochemically with a mouse monoclonal antitryptase antibody. Compared with formalin-fixed specimens, those fixed with Carnoy's fixative and stained with pH 0.5 TB showed significantly (p less than 0.01) many mast cells in the epithelial layer and in the subepithelial layer of lamina propria. To identify mast cells in the nasal mucosa with nasal allergy, fixation with Carnoy's fixative and staining with pH 0.5 TB were found to be most effective and simplest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Study on staining methods for mast cells in the nasal mucosa. 172 84

The histamine content in the nasal epithelial layer of twenty-five patients with nasal allergy was measured before, 10 min after and 1 hr after nasal provocation with allergen. A decrease in histamine content was observed 10 min after provocation compared to the values obtained before provocation (P less than 0.05). There was a tendency for an increase in the histamine content of the nasal epithelium one hour after provocation when compared with the amounts present 10 min after provocation (P less than 0.1). Mast cells in the nasal epithelial layer of a further five patients were studied by electron microscopy 10 min and 1 hr after provocation. The rate of mast cell degranulation appeared to decrease 1 hr after provocation when compared with 10 min. Our study suggests that some mast cells commence their migration to the nasal epithelial layer over a short time period and that they may play a role in the onset of the allergic nasal reaction in patients with allergic nasal symptoms.
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PMID:Dynamics of mast cell degranulation in human allergic nasal epithelium after provocation with allergen. 241 88

The difference in the non-specific reactivity of lamina propria mast cells in the nasal mucosa of nasal allergy and nonallergic disease was studied. When the nasal mucosa was incubated in three kinds of histamine releasers, the rate of histamine release and that of mast cell degranulation were not statistically different between nasal allergy and nonallergic disease. In the presence of buffer alone, the rate of histamine release did not show the statistical difference between two diseases. However, in the same condition, the degranulation of mast cells in the case of nasal allergy was more than that of nonallergic nasal disease. These results show that the degranulation of mast cells in nasal allergy was more than that in nonallergic nasal disease in the living body. As for non-specific hypersensitivity in the case of nasal allergy, it is considered that one factor is the release of chemical mediators induced by an interaction between allergen and IgE antibodies on the cell membrane of mast cells.
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PMID:The reactivity of mast cells in nasal mucosa--comparison between allergic and nonallergic disease. 245 28

N-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N-5'), a new orally useable mast cell stabilizer, was investigated for its efficacy, safety and usefulness in the treatment of 302 patients with perennial nasal allergy by an intergroup, double-blind comparative test using disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and an inactive placebo as control. The results indicated that N-5', as a mild mast cell stabilizer, was comparable to DSCG in efficacy and minimum in side effect.
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PMID:A clinical evaluation of N-5' with perennial-type allergic rhinitis--a test by the multi-clinic, intergroup, double-blind comparative method. 620 14

The study focuses on the relationship between the tissue density of mast cells, the tissue histamine levels and the levels of markers of mast cell activation after an allergen challenge of the nasal mucosa of allergic patients. The effect of 4 weeks' treatment with a topical glucocorticoid, fluticasone propionate, was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 25 hay fever patients. Nasal biopsies were obtained before and after the treatment period for the evaluation of mast cell density and tissue histamine levels. Nasal challenges were performed at 2-week intervals for 8 weeks using a standardized nasal lavage model. TAME-esterase was analysed in the returned lavage fluid from all the challenges (weeks 0-8), while the levels of histamine and tryptase were analysed in lavage fluids from challenges performed before and after the treatment period (weeks 0 and 4). The symptoms of nasal allergy were assessed after each challenge. Treatment with fluticasone propionate did not influence mast cell density, the tissue histamine concentration, the lavage histamine levels or the TAME-esterase activity, while a reduction in nasal symptoms and tryptase in nasal lavage fluid was revealed. Our present study again emphasizes the fact that the mast cell is an important trigger cell in the immediate nasal allergic response. The study also demonstrates the usefulness of the measurements of tryptase as an indicator of both mast cell activation and the efficacy of topical steroid treatment.
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PMID:Mast cells and mediators in the nasal mucosa after allergen challenge. Effects of four weeks' treatment with topical glucocorticoid. 769 14

An increased number of mast cells and eosinophils can be recognized in the epithelial layer of nasal mucosa from allergic subjects; these cells are known to play an important role in the manifestation of nasal allergy. Eosinophils accumulate under the effect of eosinophil chemotactic factor released by mast cells. However, the mechanism of accumulation of mast cells has not yet been clarified. Our previous studies have shown that colony stimulating activity of the basophil/eosinophil lineage is enhanced under proliferative conditions for nasal epithelial cells. We therefore studied the distribution of mast cells and eosinophils in inverted papilloma of the nose, in which we can identify proliferation of nasal epithelial cells. Nasal inverted papilloma from 5 patients were examined for mast cell and eosinophil distributions. Serial staining of nasal inverted papilloma showed that the number of mast cells and the percentage of formalin sensitive mast cells within 50 microns of the tumor site and 50 microns above the basement membrane were 16576 +/- 5729/mm3 (90.8%) and 4697 +/- 304/mm3 (76.1%), respectively. However, in comparison with the tumor site, significant differences in the distribution and number of mast cells were seen in the stromal area. The number of mast cells and the percentage of formalin sensitive mast cells within 50 microns and 50 microns above the basement membrane were 2880 +/- 238/mm3 (0%) and 3096 +/- 152/mm3 (0%), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Mast cell and eosinophil distributions in nasal inverted papilloma]. 831 34

Tryptase is a mast cell-specific marker of degranulation. To investigate the possible diagnostic value of tryptase in allergic rhinitis, we measured the levels in both serum and native nasal fluid with a sandwich RIA-assay (Pharmacia). Twenty-three allergic patients and five patients with chronic ethmoidal sinusitis were included. Eighteen of the 23 allergic patients were tested within the pollen season or had perennial rhinitis; the remainder were tested at least 1 month out of the pollen season. None of the patients had detectable serum tryptase (> 0.1 ng/ml). Also patients with chronic ethmoidal sinusitis showed no tryptase in nasal fluid. One of seven allergic patients tested out of season had slightly increased nasal tryptase of 1.8 ng/ml. In patients with active nasal allergy, the tryptase in nasal fluid ranged from 6.4 ng/ml to 640 ng/ml with a mean of 101 ng/ml and SD 173. These results show a clear distinction between active and non-active nasal allergy and other non-mast-cell-related nasal disease. Further, nasal tryptase release by natural allergen exposure is even higher than that observed in allergen challenge tests.
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PMID:Tryptase in nasal fluid is a useful marker of allergic rhinitis. 845 35

The accumulation of mast cells in the allergic nasal epithelium is well known, yet the mechanism remains unclear. We studied whether there is a candidate for mast cell progenitors in the allergic nasal mucosa tissue removed at the time of surgery. We first confirmed that most mast cells in nasal mucosae of 10 nasal allergic patients had c-kit receptor by immunohistochemistry using the mirror sectioning technique. We then investigated whether c-kit receptor+, tryptase-, IgE- cells existed in nasal mucosae of 15 nasal allergic patients and 15 nonallergic ones using sequential triple immunohistochemistry. We observed the area in which 1,000 to 1,100 tryptase-positive cells (mast cells) existed in both the subepithelial layer and the deep layer of each nasal lamina propria. The epithelial layer above this area was also examined. Some c-kit receptor+, tryptase- cells existed in the nasal mucosae of 11 patients with nasal allergy and of 5 patients with nonallergic rhinitis. From one to four of these cells in the nasal epithelium and subepithelial layer of the 4 allergic patients were IgE-negative. In contrast, no IgE-negative cells existed in the deep layer of allergic nasal mucosae or in any nonallergic nasal mucosae. Our results suggest that mast cell progenitors, hematopoietic progenitor cells or multipotential blood cells exist in the allergic nasal mucosa, and may contribute to the increase of mast cells in the epithelium and subepithelial layer of allergic nasal mucosa.
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PMID:Existence of c-kit receptor-positive, tryptase-negative, IgE-negative cells in human allergic nasal mucosa: a candidate for mast cell progenitor. 898 Apr 62


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