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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nerve growth factor causes mediator release from rat peritoneal mass cells in the presence of lysophosphatidylserine. We have investigated the neurotrophin and receptor specificity involved in this response. Nerve growth factor produced a dose-dependent release of [14C]serotonin in the presence of lysophosphatidylserine with an EC50 of approximately 1 nM. Incubation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 did not produce a response. Northern blot analysis with probes for low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75), trkA, trkB, and trkC demonstrated a detectable signal for trkA only. Western blots of trkA immunoprecipitates from mast cell culture lysates, probed with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, demonstrated expression of functional TrkA protein. To determine whether p75, trkB, or trkC mRNA was present in amounts below the limit of detection for Northern analysis, a sensitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction protocol was used; again rat peritoneal mast cells demonstrated only trkA. The predominant form of trkA message expressed in rat peritoneal mast cells was smaller than the neuronal form. An 18-nucleotide exon (coding for 6 amino acids in the extracellular domain) in the neuronal message was not found in the predominant mast cell trkA message. PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line, and dissociated rat sympathetic neurons showed both trkA and p75, but not trkB or trkC. Anterior pituitary expressed both trkB and trkC, but not trkA. To confirm the lack of expression of p75 on mast cells, 125I-nerve growth factor was chemically cross-linked to mast cells or PC12 cells and then immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal antibody specific for p75, 192-IgG; no p75 was detected. Thus, mediator release from rat peritoneal mast cells by nerve growth factor was specific and not a general property of neurotrophins, and the response was modulated through the trkA proto-oncogene. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a bone marrow-derived cell type that expresses trkA at both the mRNA and protein levels. These data provide further evidence that p75 is not necessary for nerve growth factor signal transduction.
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PMID:Mediator release from mast cells by nerve growth factor. Neurotrophin specificity and receptor mediation. 832 66

Allergy is an over-reaction of the body's immune system to innocuous foreign substances or allergens that the body perceives as a potential threat or undesirable. It is estimated to affect approximately 20% of the population. Of this subset at least 20% suffer from ocular allergy. It has a significant impact on the quality of life of the individual. Allergic diseases are those conditions in which an antibody- and/or T-cell mediated mechanisms are involved. Allergic eye diseases are characterized by IgE-mast cell mediated, as seen in allergic conjunctivitis; chronic mast cell activation and eosinophil/T-lymphocyte-mediated response, as seen in giant papillary conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and atopic keratoconjunctivitis; or a T-lymphocyte-mediated response in contact ocular allergy. The management of allergic eye disease is aimed at preventing the release of mediators of allergy, controlling the allergic inflammatory cascade and preventing ocular surface damage secondary to the allergic response. In the management of ocular allergic disease, the clinician is advised to recommend non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic regimens that address the acute presentation of ocular allergy and provide prophylaxis aimed at providing long-term maintenance therapy. This approach to the management of allergic eye diseases aims to minimize the impact of the allergic reaction on the individual's quality of life. To achieve success in the management of allergic eye diseases, the clinician requires a considerable understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical features and differential diagnosis of the different types of ocular allergy, as well as an adequate knowledge of their pharmacotherapy.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2009 Dec
PMID:The management of allergic eye diseases in primary eye care. 1987 97

Allergic eye disease encompasses a group of hypersensitivity disorders which primarily affect the conjunctiva and its prevalence is increasing. It is estimated to affect 8% of patients attending optometric practice but is poorly managed and rarely involves ophthalmic assessment. Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) is the most common form of allergic eye disease (90%), followed by perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC; 5%). Both are type 1 IgE mediated hypersensitivity reactions where mast cells play an important role in pathophysiology. The signs and symptoms are similar but SAC occurs periodically whereas PAC occurs year round. Despite being a relatively mild condition, the effects on the quality of life can be profound and therefore they demand attention. Primary management of SAC and PAC involves avoidance strategies depending on the responsible allergen(s) to prevent the hypersensitivity reaction. Cooled tear supplements and cold compresses may help bring relief. Pharmacological agents may become necessary as it is not possible to completely avoid the allergen(s). There are a wide range of anti-allergic medications available, such as mast cell stabilisers, antihistamines and dual-action agents. Severe cases refractory to conventional treatment require anti-inflammatories, immunomodulators or immunotherapy. Additional qualifications are required to gain access to these medications, but entry-level optometrists must offer advice and supportive therapy. Based on current evidence, the efficacy of anti-allergic medications appears equivocal so prescribing should relate to patient preference, dosing and cost. More studies with standardised methodologies are necessary elicit the most effective anti-allergic medications but those with dual-actions are likely to be first line agents.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2012 Feb
PMID:A review of non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis. 2192 24

Mast cell take active part in immune system of body, clinical manifestations are closely related to hypersensitivity. Reactions and potent biological mediators released by these cells are responsible for different clinical manifestation like allergic reaction. Frequent and important sites of these allergic reactions occur in-upper aero digestive tract, nasal, pharyngeal and respiratory allergies. The study aims to demonstrate different types of heparin in mast cells having role in tonsillitis. Present work is to study distribution and histochemical nature of mast cells in human palatine tonsil in patients suffering from chronic tonsillitis. 20 cases were studied during the study. Diagnosis was done on clinical criteria-Anterior pillar flushing. Expulsion of cheesy material from the tonsillar crypts on pressing with tongue depressor. Palpable jugulodigastric group of lymph nodes. Dissected Tonsillar material fixed into fixative-staining done. For qualitative histological observation Harris Haemotoxylene with eosin used as counter stain. Normal Histological study of mast cell like size, shape, granules were done. Distribution of mast cells in different parts of Tonsillar Tissue was observed. Histochemical study of mast cells to determine nature of reactive substance was done. Tonsil contains mucous glands, no granular tissue in present study of chronic inflammatory reactions feasible in form of fibrosis, lymphatic infiltration in epithelium. Morphology of mast cells with toluidine blue at pH 2 and 4.4 gave better picture. Mast cells had varied shape and size in different places and points of same field of focus, oval, elongated, fusiform, pleomorphic in shape. Nucleus is central ill-defined masked by granules. Cytoplasm contains mast cell granules that stained blue with Alcian blue stain, purple to bluish purple with toluidine blue. Distribution of mast cells in present study: Mast cells were found at all places mostly concentrated at capsules. Lamina propria-1-2/hpf, capsule-4-5/hpf, connective tissue septa-1-2/hpf. Histochemical Feature- In present study, histochemical study remained confined to connective tissue septa of mast cells and biochemical nature of Heparin contained in it. In present work, the identification of mast cells is based on metachromatic reactions of its granules with acidified toluidine blue at pH 2 and buffered toluidine blue at pH 4.4 to identify mast cell granules containing higher and lower sulphates of heparin.
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PMID:Histological and Histochemical Observations on Mast Cell and Glands in Chronic Tonsillitis. 3174 25