Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A man developed acne keloidalis-like lesions in the scalp during treatment with diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine for epilepsy. These drugs were suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of this skin disease in an unusual location, based on clinical evidence and on the in vitro test, mast cell degranulation (MCD).
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PMID:Acne keloidalis-like lesions on the scalp associated with antiepileptic drugs. 224 43

This review provides a new insight into the participation of neuropeptides, notably substance P (SP), in the pathophysiology of acne. We show morphological alterations of sebaceous glands elicited by SP and differences in expression of various neurogenic factors in association with sebaceous glands in acne-prone versus normal facial skin. In vitro studies reveal that SP promotes both the proliferation and the differentiation of sebaceous glands. SP induces the expression of neutral endopeptidase, a potent neuropeptide-degrading enzyme, in sebaceous germinative cells and of E-selectin by perisebaceous venules. Facial skin from acne patients is characterized by rich innervation, by increased numbers of SP-containing nerves and mast cells, and by strong expression of neutral endopeptidase in sebaceous glands and E-selectin in venules around sebaceous glands, compared with normal skin. Mast cell-derived IL-6 and TNF-alpha, followed by SP-stimulated degranulation, have the potential to induce nerve growth factor expression by sebaceous cells which results in the promotion of innervation and in the expression of E-selectin, respectively. SP enhances mast cell proliferation through up-regulation of stem cell factor expression in fibroblasts. These findings suggest the involvement of neurogenic factors, such as neuropeptides, in the disease process of acne and explain the possible mechanism of the exacerbation of acne from a neurological point of view.
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PMID:Neuropeptides and sebaceous glands. 1237 Jan 27

The main selected articles in pediatric dermatology covered the following topics: development and maturation of the epidermal barrier in the neonate, iatrogenic events in the neonatal ICU, diagnostic value of minor birthmarks, complications, risk factors and treatment of hemangiomas, coagulopathy in venous malformations, epidemiology and dermoscopy of congenital and acquired melanocytic nevi in childhood, growth of the body surface area, new pathogenic concepts and treatment in atopic dermatitis, the impact of filaggrin deficiency, hereditary factors in Kawasaki disease, severe and drug resistant cases, management of juvenile dermatomyositis, treatment of childhood psoriasis with biologics, the new classification of epidermolysis bullosa and therapeutic approach with cell therapy, neurological impairment in xeroderma pigmentosum, behavioural anomalies in X-linked ichthyosis, guidelines for neurofibromatosis type I, the genetics of an hereditary hypotrichosis, infantile acne, rosacea in childhood, mast cell disease management and, last but not least, treatment of hair lice with silicone.
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PMID:[What's new in pediatric dermatology?]. 1926 10

Clinical observations suggest that the nervous and immune systems are closely related. For example, inflammatory skin disorders; such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea and acne; are widely believed to be exacerbated by stress. A growing body of research now suggests that neuropeptides and neurotransmitters serve as a link between these two systems. Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters are released by nerves innervating the skin to influence important actors of the immune system, such as Langerhans cells and mast cells, which are located within close anatomic proximity. Catecholamines and other sympathetic transmitters that are released in response to activation of the sympathetic nervous system are also able to reach the skin and affect immune cells. Neuropeptides appear to direct the outcome of Langerhans cell antigen presentation with regard to the subtypes of Th cells generated and neuropeptides induce the degranulation of mast cells, among other effects. Additionally, endothelial cells, which release many inflammatory mediators and express cell surface molecules that allow leukocytes to exit the bloodstream, appear to be regulated by certain neuropeptides and transmitters. This review focuses on the evidence that products of nerves have important regulatory activities on antigen presentation, mast cell function and endothelial cell biology. These activities are highly likely to have clinical and therapeutic relevance.
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PMID:Nerve-derived transmitters including peptides influence cutaneous immunology. 2351 10

Skin pathology is registered in vast majority of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite the abundance of publications on dermatological problems in DM, there is still a number of gaps to be discussed in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms. The goal of this review was to assess the mechanisms of development of different skin pathologies under DM. One of the key pathogenic mechanisms of skin lesions in diabetes is hyperglycemia and the effects of the advanced glycation end products, inducing oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation; that in its turn can accelerate the mechanisms of skin aging, the development of diabetic dermopathy and scleredema diabeticorum. Imbalance of growth factors, cytokines and hormones under insulin resistance, is associated with increased proliferation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and sebocytes, mast cell dysfunction and melanogenesis disorders in acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, acne and inflammatory dermatitis in diabetic patients. In addition, authors discuss the role of dendritic cells and macrophages dysfunction in impairment of peripheral tolerance and diabetic wounds pathogenesis in patients with DM.
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PMID:[SKIN PATHOLOGY IN DIABETES MELLITUS: CLINICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS (REVIEW)]. 2932 28

Background Acne vulgaris has considerable impact on physical and psychological health. Isotretinoin is considered most effective drug available for acne therapy but with limited acceptance because of its adverse effects. Antihistamine inhibits inflammatory mediators, Propionibacterium acne induced itching, reduction of squalene and sebum in sebocyte, reduces anxiety and further lessens hormonal derangement and inhibits mast cell induced fibrosis and scars. Clinical relevance is lacking in the use of antihistamine in the treatment of acne and its potential efficacy needs to be clarified. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining isotretinoin and antihistamine compare to isotretinoin alone in patients with moderate to severe acne at week 12. Method One hundred patients with moderate to severe acne were included in this randomised, controlled comparative study. Fifty patients were treated with isotretinoin and 50 patients were treated with additional antihistamine, levocetirizine and assessment was done at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Result At week 12, compared to isotretinoin only group, combination of isotretinoin and levocetirizine group showed more statistically significant decrease in score of global acne grading system (51.0 vs. 38.5%) and acne lesion counts (non-inflammatory lesion: 63.2 vs. 44.5%; inflammatory lesions: 75.9 vs. 62.7%; total lesions: 66.07 vs. 48.7%; all p< 0.05). Flaring up of acne occurred less frequently and adverse effects were more tolerable in levocetirizine group. Conclusion Use of antihistamine with isotretinoin provides synergic effect while minimizing the side effect of isotretinoin and greater clearance of the lesion and scars.
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PMID:Efficacy of Isotretinoin and Antihistamine versus Isotretinoin Alone in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acne: A Randomised Control Trial. 3173 72

Acne is known as a chronic inflammatory skin disease with sever adverse effects on quality of life in the patients. The increasing resistance to antibiotics has decreased their effectiveness in treating acne. As viable microbial dietary supplements, probiotics provide health benefits through fighting pathogens and maintaining the homeostasis of the gut and skin microbiome. The present article reviewed the potential of probiotics as beneficial microorganisms for treating acne vulgaris. This review of literature was conducted through a bibliographic search of popular databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo and Medline, using keywords such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, microbiome, and acne vulgaris to determine potential applications of these beneficial microbiomes in treating acne vulgaris. Acne lesions are associated with increases in proportion of Propionibacterium acnes as a skin commensal bacterium. The environmental studies showed inhibitory effects of probiotics on P. acnes, mediating by antibacterial proteins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances, and their immunomodulatory effects onkeratinocytes and epithelial cells. Probiotics were also found to inhibit cytokine IL-8 in epithelial cells and keratinocytes, suggesting immunomodulatory activities. Moreover, glycerol fermentation by Staphylococcus epidermidis was found to be a natural skin defense against acne and an overgrowth inhibitor of P. acnes. As an antimicrobial agent in lotions and cosmetic formulations, Lactococcus sp. can decrease the inflammatory mediators that are produced by P. acnes and cause vasodilation, edema, mast cell degranulation and TNF-alpha release. Oral administration of probiotics was found to constitute an adjuvant therapy to conventional modalities for treating mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris.
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PMID:The potential of probiotics for treating acne vulgaris: A review of literature on acne and microbiota. 3226 90