Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The idea presented here is that, in gastric mucosa, two independent regulatory systems use the same transmitter: histamine molecules. The IgE/mast cell system is dispersed throughout the body, while the other regulates the gastric acid secretion. IgE molecules in gastric mucosa are attached to the mast cells. Mast cells release histamine molecules after the antigen has been recognized by IgE. These molecules normally act on vascular H1 receptors to promote extravasation and chemotaxy. Gastrin molecules are released from antral G cells to stimulate gastric acid secretion. Their influence on parietal cells is indirectly augmented by gastrin governed release of histamine molecules from enterochromaffin-like cells. These histamine molecules normally act on H2 receptors of parietal cells to promote gastric acid secretion. Chronic infection of gastric mucosa (i.e. with Helicobacter pylori), autoimmune disorders or repetitive mucosal exposure to the same antigen, can develop chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa. Gastric acid secretion is diminished with secondary hypergastrinemia and increased release of histamine from enterochromaffin-like cells in an attempt to stimulate the few remaining parietal cells. Hypothetically, increased concentrations of released histamine in gastric mucosa might activate the vascular H1 receptors with extravasation and aggravated inflammation. This can further decrease the number of active parietal cells, reduce gastric acid secretion and potentiate hypergastrinemia. In this hypothetical setting, H1 blockers might reduce the damage by abolishing the vascular reactions. The prolonged antigen load on gastric mucosa can promote production of specific IgE antibodies. Further exposures to the same antigen degranulate sensitized mucosal mast cells. Liberated histamine can produce extravasation through the vascular H1 receptor and, hypothetically, local hyperacidity through the parietal cell H2 receptors. The result would be hyperacidity and hypogastrinemia with possible ulcer disease. Some individuals are more predisposed to IgE production or have increased numbers of mast cells that might explain why only some people develop ulcer disease after H. pylori infection.
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PMID:The role of gastric mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells and parietal cells in the regulation of acid secretion. 877 Oct 47

Chronic prurigo is classified into two clinical subtypes: prurigo nodularis (PN) and prurigo chronica multiformis (PCM) in Japan. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the clinical features of 168 patients with chronic prurigo (103 with PN and 65 with PCM) diagnosed at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University, and compared age, sex, prevalence of comorbidities, blood test results, histology and treatment efficacy in both groups. We found that patients with PCM were significantly older than those with PN. Males were more frequently diagnosed with PCM than females; however, both sexes were similarly affected by PN. Chronic infection was more prevalent in PN, whereas diabetes was more common in PCM. For both subtypes, serum immunoglobulin E levels were elevated above the normal range. However, serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17 levels and the number of blood eosinophils were significantly higher in patients with PCM than in those with PN. Histologically, much higher numbers of CD4+ cells than CD8+ cells were distributed in the lesions of both subtypes. Eosinophils were distributed predominantly in intracollagenous lesions in PCM but were observed mainly in perivascular lesions in PN. There were no differences in basophil and mast cell distributions in the lesions of the two groups. Treatment efficacy was also similar in both subtypes. Together, both subtypes exhibit inflammation patterns predominantly driven by T-helper 2 cells. With respect to PCM, elevated numbers of blood eosinophils and the recruitment of these cells into intracollagenous areas may be important for pathogenesis.
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PMID:Chronic prurigo: A retrospective study of 168 cases. 3190 78