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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mast cells can be distinguished according to various characteristics: rodent mast cells have been subtyped by histochemical criteria, whereas canine and human mast cells have been classified according to their proteases. Comparisons of mast cells from different species have therefore resulted in contradictory and confusing opinions on mast cell heterogeneity. Thus, it is essential to obtain species-specific data on mast cell density and heterogeneity. The present study was carried out to determine the physiological distribution of mast cell numbers and types in bovines according to tissue location, staining, and fixation methods. Samples were fixed in formalin or Carnoy's fluid. The average number of mast cells was determined by using a metachromatic staining method. Protease content of mast cells was examined with a double-enzyme-immunohistochemical staining technique. Three mast cell subtypes were distinguished: T-, TC-, and C-mast cells. The T-mast cell was the predominant subtype in nearly all investigated organs and tissue locations. Only tryptase-positive mast cells could be demonstrated in bovine skin and uterus. No chymase activity was found in these organs, regardless of the fixation type. A larger number of mast cells was observed after fixation in Carnoy's fluid. The three different mast cell subtypes were only demonstrated in formalin-fixed tissue; chymase-positive mast cells were not found after fixation in Carnoy's fluid. Increasing experimental data suggest that mast cell subtypes have different functions in promoting and modulating inflammation and in remodeling the extracellular matrix. Since mast cell tryptase and chymase have different functional properties, these results may clarify the different reaction patterns observed in various organs and species.
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PMID:Bovine mast cells: distribution, density, heterogeneity, and influence of fixation techniques. 963 3

The role of mast cells and their main secretory products in the effects of oestradiol on the uterus was investigated. Ovariectomized rats were treated with a single injection of oestradiol (10 micrograms per rat, i.m.) or vehicle together with drugs affecting the activity of mast cells, cromoglycate (10 mg per rat, i.m.), which diminishes the degranulation of mast cells, or compound 48/80 (0.5 mg per rat, i.m.), which enhances this process. Oestradiol or vehicle was also administered with two important secretory products of mast cells, heparin (0.4 mg per rat, i.m.) or histamine (2 mg per rat, i.m.). All drugs were injected simultaneously with oestradiol (first injection) and then every 6 h until the animals were killed. Observations were performed at 24, 36 and 48 h after oestradiol or vehicle injection. The condition of mast cells was determined by the percentage of degranulated mast cells in sections stained with toluidine blue. Oestradiol-induced effects in the uterus were estimated by the mitotic index, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labelling index, DNA content, volumes of cells, nuclei and nucleoli in the luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium and stroma cells of the endometrium. Cromoglycate treatment resulted in a decrease in both mast cell degranulation and all examined oestradiol effects in the uterus at all periods of observation. Compound 48/80 increased mast cell degranulation and expression of one aspect of oestradiol effects on the volumes of cell compartments. Histamine or heparin led to a marked increase in the cell, nucleus and nucleolus volumes in all uterine structures. However, heparin produced a depression in proliferation, whereas histamine had a weak transient stimulating action on this process. No effects of the protocols were found in the absence of oestradiol treatment. These results suggest that mast cells are involved in the realization of oestrogen action, including the stimulation of cell growth and proliferation in the uterus, and that the effect of mast cells is mediated by both histamine and heparin.
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PMID:Role of mast cells in oestradiol effects on the uterus of ovariectomized rats. 971 77

The present study was carried out to determine the physiological distribution of mast cell numbers and types in the dog according to tissue location, staining and fixation methods. Tissue samples from stomach, duodenum, lung, lymph node, skin and uterus were evaluated. Samples were fixed in formalin as well as in Carnoy's fluid. The average number of mast cells was determined using a metachromatic staining method. Protease content of mast cells was examined with a double enzyme-immunohistochemical staining technique, using a histochemical reaction for chloroacetate esterase to detect chymase activity and an immunohistochemical staining method for the detection of tryptase. Canine mast cells can be subdivided into formalin-sensitive and -resistant mast cells. Three subtypes were identified according to their content of the mast cell-specific proteases tryptase (T) and chymase (C): T-, TC- and C-mast cells. Significant differences regarding the distribution of mast cell subtypes as well as the influence of the fixation method can be observed. This underlines the fact that data regarding mast cell heterogeneity from other species, obtained by different fixation methods, are not comparable. This fact has to be taken into consideration when evaluating mast cell subtypes under pathological conditions.
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PMID:Distribution, density and heterogeneity of canine mast cells and influence of fixation techniques. 972 Sep 85

Mast cells (MC) and blood basophils (Ba) are multifunctional effector cells of the immune system and accumulate in areas of ongoing disease. However, despite of similar morphology, MC and Ba differ from each other in terms of cell surface receptor expression, mediator content, and tissue distribution. In order to gain new insights into mechanisms and molecules responsible for the distribution and accumulation of MC and Ba, we have investigated expression of homing receptors on primary human MC (lung, n=28; uterus, n=17), Ba (healthy donors, n=64), the mast cell line HMC-1, and the basophil line KU-812. Expression of cell surface antigens on MC and Ba was analyzed by mAb and indirect immunofluorescence staining techniques. In addition to previous findings, Ba were found to react with mAb against the selectin-ligands sLe(x) (CD15s) and PSGL-1 (CD162), L-selectin (CD62L), beta7-integrin, the 'matrix-receptor' neurothelin (CD147), platelet-endothelial cell tetraspan antigen-3 (PETA-3=CD151), and BST-1 (CD157). Novel antigens detectable on MC (lung and uterus) were CD147, CD151, CD157 and CD49c (VLA-3alpha). By contrast, MC were not recognized by mAb to sLe(x), PSGL-1, L-selectin, or beta7 integrin. No reactivity of Ba or MC with mAb to syndecan-1 (CD138), VE-cadherin (CD144), MUC18/MCAM (CD146), MGC-24 (CD164), or ALCAM (CD166) was found. The cell lines HMC-1 and KU-812 expressed a similar profile of antigens when compared to primary cells. In summary, Ba and MC express a unique profile of homing molecules. Apparently, Ba differ from MC in expression of recognition receptors relevant for binding to endothelium and consecutive transmigration.
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PMID:Expression of homing receptors and related molecules on human mast cells and basophils: a comparative analysis using multi-color flow cytometry and toluidine blue/immunofluorescence staining techniques. 1059 89

In search of uterotonic principles, papaya (Carica papaya, Caricaceae) latex extract (PLE) was tested on rat uterine preparations in vitro at various stages of the estrous cycle and gestation periods. Rat uterine contractile activity was remarkably increased by different doses of PLE in proestrus and estrus stages compared to metestrus and diestrus stages of the estrous cycles. The maximum contractile activity of the uterus was observed at the later stages of pregnancy which correspond with the peak level of estrogen in the plasma. A direct dose-dependent spasmodic action with increased frequency and amplitude was observed with PLE in all non-gravid uterine preparations. Pretreatment of the tissue with phenoxybenzamine (PB) non-competitively blocked the effect of PLE. Blocking of the 5-HT receptors with methysergide partially blocked the excitatory response to PLE. Pretreating the tissue with Indomethacin, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, had no effect on the response to PLE. The release of PLE induced mast cell degranulation and subsequent release of heparin, biogenic amines or prostaglandins (PGs) was ruled out by pretreating the tissue with sodium cromoglycate, a mast cell stabilizer. Pure papain induced uterine contractions were not sustained for a longer period and at higher concentrations the receptor proteins were affected by the enzymatic action of papain. From this study it is evident that the crude papaya latex contain a uterotonic principle which might be a combination of enzymes, alkaloids and other substances which can evoke sustained contraction of the uterus acting mainly on the alpha adrenergic receptor population of the uterus at different stages.
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PMID:Effect of papaya latex extract on gravid and non-gravid rat uterine preparations in vitro. 1083 84

This study investigates the number and the distribution of mast cells in the normal human uterus. Reliability of results was ensured by prompt tissue fixation and the use of biotin-labelled lectins in conjunction with the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method. This design revealed that mast cells are, indeed, normal constituents of the human uterus. They occur in large numbers in the myometrium, but are only scanty in the endometrium where they tend to be confined to the stratum basalis. The mean mast cell counts per high power field (MC/HPF), after staining with Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con A), were 17.9MC/HPF in the inner half of the myometrium, and 8.3MC/HPF in the outer half of the myometrium; 2.7MC/HPF in the basalis, and 0.3MC/HPF in the functionalis (P<0.05). There are no apparent differences in the number of mast cells between the normal proliferative and secretory phase endometrium, however, endometrial mast cells are considerably reduced and, apparently, depleted of metachromatic granules during the immediate pre-menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. It is presumed that this, almost exclusive, presence of mast cells in the basal layer of the endometrial matrix, combined with the discharge of their cytoplasmic granules towards the end of the cycle, may be related with the contracting process preceding menstruation. On the other hand, the relative paucity of mast cells in the functional layer may contribute to the immune tolerance of the gestational endometrium to the implantation of the blastocyst.
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PMID:Mast cell distribution and density in the normal uterus--metachromatic staining using lectins. 1151 9

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of some oral contraceptive (OC) steroids on female albino rats ingesting lynestrol and mestranol or mestranol only. Mestranol and the lynestrol-mestranol combination insignificantly altered the total uterine mast cell count. Lynestrol treatment resulted in a highly significant reduction of the total count (p less than .01). Although only significant in rats receiving lynestrenol, the endometrial mast cell count was decreased during OC treatment. Histological changes in the uterus reflecting the predominance of estrogenic activity occurred from all OCs used. Mestranol most potently induced this effect followed by lynestrenol and the combined OCs, respectively. Evidence suggests that endogenous histamine may be involved in tissue growth and repair. Results from this study suggested that histamine implicated in the physiological functions of the uterus is probably of a non-mast-cell origin.
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PMID:The effect of lyndiol and its components on the rat uterine histology and most cell content. 1233 68

Endometritis is defined as an inflammation of the endometrial mucosa of the uterus. In endometritis large amounts of toxic mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) are released by inflammatory cells. As a consequence of nitric oxide-dependent injury, the cells respond by triggering protective mechanisms, by changing the endocannabinoid system (ECS) which comprises both CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands. The aim of our study was to seek out evidence for the presence of cannabinoid receptors in inflammatory endometrial tissue as well as for their potential role in endometrial inflammation. Our results showed a selective up-regulation of both transcription and expression of CB(2) receptors in biopsies from women affected by endometrial inflammation compared to healthy women. The experiments with the nitric oxide-donor S-Nitroso-L-Glutathione (GSNO) suggest that such a selective up-regulation may be related to the nitric oxide release occurring during endometrial inflammation. In addition, we demonstrated an increase in chymase expression, a marker of mast cells, in biopsies of women affected by endometritis. Therefore our results support the hypothesis that the up-regulation of CB(2) occurs mainly on mast cells and that it might tend to sensitize these cells to the anti-inflammatory effect exerted by endogenous cannabinoids by binding their receptor and thus preventing the mast cell degranulation and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, we believe that the selective CB(2) up-regulation might play a role as a novel prognostic factor in endometrial inflammation.
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PMID:Selective CB2 up-regulation in women affected by endometrial inflammation. 1841 3

To explore the potential mechanism of how uterine innervations would affect the uterine mast cell (MC) population and functions during the periimplantation. We herein first examined the consequence of uterine neurectomy on embryo implantation events. We observed that amputation of autonomic nerves innervating the uterus led to on-time implantation failure in rats. Exploiting MC culture and ELISA approaches, we then further analyzed the effect of neurectomy on cellular histamine levels and its release from uterine MCs, to elucidate the relation of the autonomic nerves and local cellular immunity in the uterine during early pregnancy. We observed that disconnection of autonomic nerve innervation significantly increased the population of uterine MCs. Most interestingly, these increased number of uterine MCs in neuroectomized rats contained a much reduced cellular level of histamine. Our subsequent challenge experiments revealed that uterine MCs in nerve amputated rats exhibited enhanced histamine releasing rate in response to substance P and antiIgE, suggesting loss of nerve innervation in the uterus not only increases the population of uterine MCs, but also facilitates the release of histamine from MCs, thus subsequently interfere with the normal implantation process. Collectively, our findings provide a new line of evidence supporting the concept that immune-neuro-endocrine network plays important role during pregnancy establishment and maintenance.
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PMID:Uterine autonomic nerve innervation plays a crucial role in regulating rat uterine mast cell functions during embryo implantation. 1976 68

Mast cells are phylogenetically old innate immune cells with less recognition in normal function of immune system as no such disease has been observed in humans due to their deficiency or inadequate function. Earlier mast cells were only known for their important role in the type 1 allergic reactions (i.e. anaphylaxis or some contact hypersensitivity reactions) due to release of various biochemical mediators (i.e. cytokines, chemokines, lipid mediators, proteases and biologic amines). Several studies indicated that they do not only come in action upon binding of IgE to its corresponding receptors expressed by them but also play an important role in host immunity. Recent development in understanding the mast cell biology has established various important roles of these cells in regulating both innate as well as adaptive immune response under normal or pathophysiological conditions (i.e. acute or chronic bacterial or parasitic infections, various autoimmune disease, pregnancy, etc.). Present review is designed to accommodate up to date information regarding mast cell development (i.e. factors governing mast cell development and their homing to various compartments (i.e. skin, lungs, intestine, uterus, etc.) along with their role in innate immunity, human pregnancy and future immunomodulatory approach comprising of targeting mast cells.
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PMID:Mast cells: emerging sentinel innate immune cells with diverse role in immunity. 2067 98


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