Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mast cell numbers were quantitated in adult cases of mastocytosis demonstrating non-diffuse perivascular and upper dermal concentrations of mast cells. Using the Leder stain and computerised video image analysis, a mean of 382 (+/- 28 SE) mast cell per mm2 were counted in the superficial dermis in skin biopsies from 30 adult cases of mastocytosis, in contrast to a mean of 43 (+/- 5 SE) mast cells per mm2 in skin biopsies from 50 inflammatory dermatoses represented by subacute dermatitis, pigmented purpuric dermatosis, erythema multiforme, lichen planus and granuloma annulare. Ten skin biopsies showing no significant inflammation had a mean of 54 (+/- 7 SE) mast cells per mm2 in the upper dermis. The mean area of individual mast cells as assessed by image analysis in the mastocytosis group was 47.40 microns 2 (+/- 2.26 microns 2, SE) which was significantly different (P < 0.01) than the mast cell area (32.34 microns 2 +/- 2.22 microns 2, SE) in all other groups combined. Computerised video image analysis represents an alternative technique which is useful in assessing mast cell numbers and particularly mast cell size in adult cases of macular mastocytosis and in other dermatoses.
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PMID:Mast cell quantitation by image analysis in adult mastocytosis and inflammatory skin disorders. 128 34

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disorder affecting 5%-10% of children. Although basic mechanisms remain largely speculative, recent studies on the pathogenesis have elucidated new insights, pointing to the importance of food and inhalant allergens. The pathogenesis of AD can be more easily explained by the model of late skin reaction occurring after mast cell activation. The present report highlights some of the more recent developments in the mechanisms of AD which can be important in understanding and treating this troublesome disease.
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PMID:Recent advances in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. 147 38

A man developed acne keloidalis-like lesions in the scalp during treatment with diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine for epilepsy. These drugs were suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of this skin disease in an unusual location, based on clinical evidence and on the in vitro test, mast cell degranulation (MCD).
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PMID:Acne keloidalis-like lesions on the scalp associated with antiepileptic drugs. 224 43

We describe urticaria pigmentosa in three generations of a kindred. Unique to this family is the marked diversity of their skin disease. Classic lesions of urticaria pigmentosa, telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans, and clinically normal skin with positive dermal infiltrates of excess mast cells were found in individual family members. Urticaria pigmentosa is rarely reported as an inherited disease. To our knowledge, this is the largest American kindred of familial mast cell disease and is the second report documenting disease in three generations.
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PMID:Familial urticaria pigmentosa. 238 67

The abundance of mast cells in human dermis, together with their ability to release a variety of vasoactive and pro-inflammatory mediators following cross-linkage of their cell-surface receptors for IgE, enables these cells to provide an effective defence mechanism within this organ. A similar defensive function is attributed to mast cells of other human organs such as intestine and lung which are in contact with the external environment and therefore susceptible to infiltration by foreign allergens and micro-organisms. However, mast cells of the skin apparently differ from those present in lung and intestine in being activated for histamine release by a variety of endogenous neuropeptides which stimulate the rapid release of histamine in the virtual absence of eicosanoids. This would provide a mechanism of neurogenic control of a variety of homeostatic functions such as blood flow, angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation. Such processes would aid in the remodelling of tissue during wound healing, and increased numbers of mast cells have been noted around healing wounds of rat skin and areas of developing fibrosis. Neuropeptides modulate the activity of a variety of immuno-competent leucocytes including macrophages, monocytes and lymphocytes. The findings that skin mast cells are activated by neuropeptides suggest that these cells may also be included amongst those involved in neuro-immune interactions. Activation of skin mast cells by non-immunological stimuli may contribute to the aetiology of some forms of skin disease. Patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria appear to have enhanced vascular responsiveness to intradermal injections of the histamine liberator codeine suggesting that this disease may involve hyper-responsiveness of their mast cells to endogenous non-immunological stimuli. The findings of large increases in histamine accompanied by small increases in PGD2 in venous effluent of thermally challenged limbs of patients with cold- or heat-induced urticaria may suggest that their mast cells had been activated by a non-immunological stimulus. However, the interpretation of results gained using such relatively complex in-vivo systems are difficult, as the cellular origin of the detected mediators is by no means clear. However, it is hoped that in the future the alliance of newly developed in-vitro techniques to investigate mast cell function together with in-vivo methods to investigate their interaction with elements in their tissue environment will greatly increase our understanding of the role of the human skin mast cell in health and disease.
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PMID:The human skin mast cell. 266 2

In six patients with pyoderma gangrenosum, the head and neck region was a major site of ulcerative skin disease. In two patients, the disease was limited to this anatomic site. Corticosteroids were effective therapy in five cases. In one case, occurring in association with ulcerative colitis, total proctocolectomy was required to control ulcerative scalp disease. Detailed histologic examination of a primary lesion in one case with 0.5-micron sections demonstrated morphologic evidence of mast cell activation, suggesting that mast cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory process in pyoderma gangrenosum.
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PMID:Pyoderma gangrenosum involving the head and neck. 286 33

Mastocytosis is a disease characterized by an increase in the number of tissue mast cells and a concomitant increase in mast cell-derived mediators. To demonstrate the spectrum of skin disease in mastocytosis in the pediatric population, five children with mastocytosis and complaints of urticaria (4/5), bullae/vesicles (3/5), abdominal pain (3/5), flushing (2/5), headache (1/5), and bone pain (1/5) are reviewed. Confirmation of the diagnosis of cutaneous mastocytosis was obtained by histologic examination of a biopsy of lesional skin; however, mast cell numbers in lesional skin did not correlate with plasma histamine levels or the extent of cutaneous involvement. Mastocytosis is a diagnosis that must be recognized in the differential diagnosis of pediatric urticarial diseases.
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PMID:Mastocytosis in infants and children: recognition of patterns of skin disease. 292 86

An urticarial dermatosis after contact with the urticating hairs of the adult female Hylesia moth may occur by several mechanisms including the intradermal injection of inflammatory mediators through the urticating hairs. Extracts were prepared from whole moths, urticating hairs, and other moth parts. Each of these extracts was subjected to a radioenzyme assay for histamine. Histamine was present in extracts made from whole moths and from urticating hairs. Extracts made from other moth parts contained no histamine. Cutaneous wheals occurred after intradermal injections of histamine and various concentrations of Hylesia extract (HE) into the backs of cynomolgus monkeys. This whealing response was suppressed by pretreatment of the animals with diphenhydramine hydrochloride, but not by pretreatment with indomethacin. Histologic examinations showed a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate around dilated capillaries without evidence of mast cell degranulation in HE-injected sites but not in controls. These findings provide evidence that histamine may be the mediator responsible for the urticarial lesions seen after contact with Hylesia moths.
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PMID:Evidence for histamine in the urticating hairs of Hylesia moths. 358 53

In a patient with subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD) the appearance of new pustular lesions characteristic of the disease was triggered by two episodes of drug eruption (induced by dapsone and quinidine sulphate respectively) and by the intra-dermal injection of the recall antigens Candida and streptokinase-streptodornase, performed for evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity. Both episodes of drug eruption were probably the result of an immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction towards the offending drugs, as indicated by positive mast cell degranulation tests.
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PMID:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis--an unusual course. 619 48

Several skin diseases may present as vesicles or bullae. Immunofluorescent studies are very helpful in differentiating the various disease entities. Familiarity with the procedure and the various kinds of patterns that are specific and non-specific is essential for the practicing dermatologist. Immunofluorescent patterns are particularly helpful in differentiating pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, cicatrical pemphigoid, herpes gestationis, dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA dermatosis and porphyria. Immunofluorescent studies of the skin and sera of these patients were vital to an understanding their pathogenesis. Immunoelectron microscopy has further helped in delineating the exact sites of immunoglobulin deposition, and, thus, identifying the location of the antigens. In pemphigus, studies at the molecular level reveal that the basic pathological process is mediated by an anti-cellular cement substance antibody. The binding of this antibody at the cell surface level results in a process that is seen at the light microscopy level in the form of acantholysis. In bullous pemphigoid cells may play an important role. It appears that the mast cell, eosinophil, and the lymphocyte in harmony with the polymorphonuclear leucocyte work together to bring about an enzymatic degradation of the basement membrane. The specific role of the anti-basement membrane zone antibody is also under current study. With advances in molecular immunology, especially monoclonal antibodies and gene technology, it is hoped that these cellular and molecular interactions will be better understood and further defined.
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PMID:Diagnosis of bullous disease and studies in the pathogenesis of blister formation using immunopathological techniques. 638 5


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