Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aims of the study were to develop and evaluate methods for quantitative measurement of itch, to investigate the perception of itch in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and to measure itch in such patients during treatment with H1-receptor antagonists or cyclosporin A, thereby exploring possible mechanisms in the pathogenesis of itch in AD. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of 30 AD patients using a potent, topical, antipruritic corticosteroid, two methods for measuring itch both successfully detected the itch-relieving effect of the corticosteroid. The two methods comprised new portable data-loggers (Pain-Track) for continuous recording of itch, and conventional visual analogue scale (VAS) forms for retrospective recording. The main advantages of the Pain-Track method are possibilities for frequent sampling, surveillance of compliance, and analysis of a large amount of data. Induction and measurement of experimental histamine-induced itch were studied in 38 healthy subjects. It was shown that pruritic stimuli should be presented in a random order so as to avoid systematic errors in the perception of itch. Two rating scales, a seven-stepped non-verbal scale on a Pain-Track logger, and a 100-mm VAS on a potentiometer, were found valid for continuous recording of itch. The perception of experimental itch was studied in 32 AD patients and 32 healthy controls. The itch responses provoked by wool fibres were significantly stronger in AD patients than in controls, whereas the histamine-induced dose-response curves for itch did not differ significantly between the two groups, who discriminated equally well between weak and strong histamine stimuli. No increased skin mast cell releasability was shown in vivo to compound 48/80 in AD patients. Their itch responses to the different pruritic stimuli did not correlate with clinical itch intensity, eczema score or serum IgE-level. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of 25 AD patients, the effect on clinical itch of a sedative (clemastine) and of a non-sedative (terfenadine) antihistamine did not differ from that of placebo, although both drugs had a pronounced H1-receptor-antagonizing effect in the skin and clemastine was significantly sedative. These findings support the view that histamine is not the major pruritogen in AD, and that sedation is not necessarily associated with itch relief. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of 10 AD patients, 10 days' treatment with cyclosporin A (CSA), 5 mg/kg/day, significantly reduced itch intensity, eczema score and the number of peripheral blood eosinophils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Itch and atopic dermatitis: clinical and experimental studies. 168 30

The onset of mastocytosis occurs between birth and 2 years of age in approximately 55% of all cases; an additional 10% develop the disease before the age of 15 years. Mastocytosis in these age groups differs in many respects from mastocytosis that has its onset in adulthood. The typical presentation of pediatric-onset mastocytosis consists of cutaneous manifestations: either a solitary mastocytoma, urticaria pigmentosa, or, less commonly, diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis. Particularly in infants, bullous eruptions may occur. Mastocytosis in infants and children may involve internal organs, including the bone marrow and the gastrointestinal tract, although such manifestations appear to be less common in children than in adults. Plasma histamine levels may be elevated in pediatric-onset mastocytosis. Treatment usually involves the use of H1 and H2 antihistamines to control itching and to control the hypersecretion of gastric acid that may occur. The prognosis for children with mast cell disease is variable; approximately half of the children with urticaria pigmentosa may experience resolution of lesions and symptoms by adolescence.
 ...
PMID:Pediatric mastocytosis. 170 49

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by a profuse rhinorrhea in addition to paroxysms of sneezing, nasal congestion, and pruritus. To define better the sources of nasal secretion produced during rhinitis, nasal allergen challenges were performed on nine atopic subjects with seasonal rhinitis. A single dose of allergen was sprayed into one side of the nose, and nasal lavages were collected bilaterally for 7 hours. Nasal lavages were assayed for protein (total protein, albumin, lactoferrin, and lysozyme) and mediator (histamine and prostaglandin D2) content. Protein concentrations increased and remained elevated above baseline levels in both ipsilateral and contralateral secretions for up to 3 hours after allergen challenge. The proportion of albumin relative to total protein (the albumin percent) increased on the ipsilateral side, whereas the relative proportions of lactoferrin and lysozyme (the lactoferrin percent and lysozyme percent) increased on the contralateral side. Prostaglandin D2, but not histamine, increased selectively on the ipsilateral side. These data suggest that the ipsilateral protein secretory response is due to allergen-induced mast cell mediator release causing increased vascular permeability, whereas the contralateral protein secretory response is primarily a reflex-induced glandular secretion.
 ...
PMID:The pathophysiology of rhinitis. V. Sources of protein in allergen-induced nasal secretions. 171 3

Itch and flare responses were investigated in 32 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and in 32 healthy controls. Itch was induced chemically by intradermal injections of histamine (1, 3.3, 10 and 100 micrograms/ml) and compound 48/80 (10 micrograms/ml) into non-lesional skin and mechanically by wearing a woollen sweater. Continuous recording of itch intensity allowed the calculation of itch duration (ID), maximal itch intensity (Imax) and a "total itch index" (Tii). The itch responses were significantly increased in AD patients compared with controls for wool fibres and one of the histamine concentrations (10 micrograms/ml), but not for the remaining three histamine concentrations or compound 48/80. Conversely, the flare response was significantly smaller in AD patients than in controls for the two strongest histamine solutions and compound 48/80. Significant dose-response relationships were found between histamine concentration and each of ID, Imax, Tii and flare in both patients and controls. The slope of the flare-regression line was significantly steeper in controls than in AD patients, whereas the slopes of the itch-regression lines did not differ significantly between the two groups, i.e. their ability to discriminate between weak and strong histamine concentrations did not differ significantly. No increased skin mast cell releasability in vivo to compound 48/80 was shown in AD patients compared with controls. The itch and flare responses of AD patients did not correlate significantly with clinical itch intensity, eczema score or serum IgE level.
 ...
PMID:Patients' perception of itch induced by histamine, compound 48/80 and wool fibres in atopic dermatitis. 172 58

A 48 year old male patient presented with maculopapular rash, pruritus, peptic ulcer disease and attacks of headache and vertigo. Rubbing of the cutaneous lesions led to urticarial whealing which is indicative of abnormal mast cell proliferation in the cutis. Histologic evidence of abnormal mast cell proliferation in biopsy specimens of skin and bone marrow led to the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis. Treatment with H1 and H2 receptor antagonists was started.
 ...
PMID:[Maculopapular rash, pruritus, upper abdominal pain, attacks of dizziness]. 174 78

A role for histamine in the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus was investigated in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Venous plasma histamine levels, as determined by radioenzymatic assay, were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in hemodialysis patients with pruritus (368 +/- 103 pg/ml [mean +/- SEM], n = 6) than in those without pruritus (146 +/- 22 pg/ml, n = 5) and in normal controls (142 +/- 16, n = 5). Arteriovenous fistula histamine levels (202 +/- 52 pg/ml, n = 6) were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than simultaneously drawn venous samples. Markedly elevated histamine-degrading enzyme (histaminase) activities were found in both hemodialysis patients with (2.95 +/- 0.18 pg histamine degraded/minute) and without (2.44 +/- 0.28) pruritus, but was undetectable in normal controls. Histaminase activities did not significantly differ in simultaneously drawn venous and fistula samples. With hemodialysis, histaminase activities fell significantly (p less than 0.01), whereas plasma histamine did not change. We further examined the effects of ketotifen, a putative mast cell stabilizer, on severe uremic pruritus. Five of five patients had significant (p less than 0.01) reductions in pruritus, as judged on a six-point pruritus index, after 8 weeks of drug (x = 2.3), as compared to conventional therapy (x = 5.9). Despite these improvements, no significant differences were noted in pre- versus post-drug plasma histamine levels, histaminase activities, or the histamine content per gram of skin biopsy specimen. These data support prior hypotheses that mast cell activation contributes to the pruritus of uremia.
 ...
PMID:Elevated plasma histamine in chronic uremia. Effects of ketotifen on pruritus. 181 35

Pruritus is a common symptom associated with chronic renal failure (CRF). But increased plasma histamine levels and skin mast cell proliferation previously reported in these patients did not correlate with the intensity of the pruritus. Since increased mast cell releasability was described in chronic idiopathic urticaria, we attempted to examine whether this mechanism could explain pruritus in patients with CRF. Twenty-five patients with end stage renal failure were skin tested with histamine, codeine, and compound 48/80. There were nine patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, eight patients on hemodialysis, (tested both before and after dialysis) and eight patients with advanced CRF. Wheal area after intradermal injection of three concentrations of the above substances was measured. In general, the wheal areas in all patients with CRF were either similar to or smaller than those of the control group who were without renal impairment. In conclusion, patients with CRF with or without dialysis therapy demonstrated unchanged or decreased skin test responses to histamine, codeine, and compound 48/80. Increased mast cell releasability cannot explain the pruritus in patients with CRF.
 ...
PMID:Cutaneous responses to histamine, compound 48/80, and codeine in patients with chronic renal failure. 195 8

For the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis the following groups of drugs are available: decongestants (sympathicomimetics), stabilizers of the mast cell membrane (DNCG, nedocromil), corticosteroids (aerosols), antihistamines, ketotifen, anticholinergics. The world wide use (and abuse) of decongestants (sympathicomimetics) is limited by the so-called rhinopathia medicamentosa, when the necessary treatment exceeds 3 or 4 weeks. The antiallergic preparations like sodiumcromoglycat and nedocromil prevent sneezing, rhinorrhea and eye irritations. Their reported effect is "stabilisation" of the mast cell membrane. They have practical no side effects, but the patients compliance is limited by the short, prophylactic effect, necessitating frequent topical applications up to 6 times daily. As the overall symptom scores are only reduced between 30% to 50%, they are not suited for severe cases of allergic rhinitis. Nedocromil should have a significantly better efficiency than DNCG. The development of efficient topical glucocorticosteroid aerosols was a great progress in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. With daily doses of 100 micrograms to 800 micrograms they are very effective against hypersecretion, sneezing, itching and also blocking of the nose. Because of the so-called "first pass" effect after resorption through the nasal mucosa they have minimal general side effects, especially on the balance of the endocrine system. Their rate local side effects on the nasal respiratory mucosa include local irritations, crusting, dryness and seldom nose bleeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[The symptomatic therapy of allergic rhinitis]. 196 61

To determine the efficacy of the mast cell-stabilizing drug ketotifen in scleroderma, we conducted a 6-month, randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 24 patients. No significant improvement in the clinical parameters, pulmonary function, global assessments, and mast cell releasability was noted. Pruritus tended to improve in the group taking the active drug. Six months of treatment with ketotifen (6 mg/day), therefore, produced no apparent benefit in patients with early scleroderma. We were unable to address the role of mast cells in scleroderma since mast cell suppression was not achieved.
 ...
PMID:A double-blind randomized controlled trial of ketotifen versus placebo in early diffuse scleroderma. 200 58

Neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1 (NAP-1) is a recently described cytokine that attracts neutrophils, but not monocytes or eosinophils. This leukocyte specificity is not absolute, in that NAP-1 attracts basophils and small numbers of lymphocytes. Our purpose was to determine in vivo effects of NAP-1, and to compare them to the reported action of the complement attractant, C5a. Intradermal injection into normal human subjects of 40 microliters of NAP-1, over a concentration range of 4 x 10(-8) M to 10(-6) M, caused no symptoms or signs such as wheal-and-flare, itching, induration, or tenderness. However, biopsies of injection sites showed perivascular neutrophil infiltration as early as 30 min, which increased at 1 and 3 h. The mean number of neutrophils per mm2 of dermis for 15 biopsies taken 3 h after intradermal injection of 2 x 10(-7) M or 10(-6) M NAP-1 was 164 +/- 41; the response to saline or a NAP-1 inactive fragment was 5 or less. Intradermal NAP-1 did not cause basophil or lymphocyte infiltration. Consistent with the absence of a wheal-and-flare, acid toluidine blue-stained sections showed no evidence of mast cell degranulation, in contrast to previously reported results with C5a. Thus, the predominant response by human subjects to intradermal NAP-1 was neutrophil accumulation in proximity to dermal blood vessels.
 ...
PMID:Neutrophil recruitment by intradermally injected neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1. 202 77


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>