Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors present a case of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in 5 years old boy. Despite intensive topical pharmacological therapy (mast-cell stabilizers, antihistamines, steroids in acute exacerbations) unsatisfied reduction of the symptoms was observed and cornea became involved in the left eye (LE). Repeated surgical abrasion of the papillary hypertrophy was performed with temporaly relief. We decided to provide a cryocoagulation of the papillary hypertrophy in the LE. We did not see any pre and post operative complications, significant improvement was observed and the patient is now (13 months after the surgery) in a good condition, on mast cell stabilizers only.
 ...
PMID:[Vernal keratoconjunctivitis and possibilities its treatment]. 1664 53

A 7-year-old boy had itching, foreign body sensation, and redness in his right eye. Unilateral cobblestone papillae and a shield ulcer were found. Topical antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and steroids led to marked improvement. Unilateral vernal keratoconjunctivitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of unilateral giant papillary conjunctivitis.
 ...
PMID:Vernal keratoconjunctivitis presenting unilaterally. 1676 42

In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the topical treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, a disorder that is involved in the common red-eye syndrome. Topical treatment for rapid relief of symptoms is most often preferred by the patient, although physicians are more cautious with the choice of an agent that might worsen symptoms due to contact irritation induced by the substance or its preservative. Theoretical advantages of topical over oral administration include a more rapid onset of action, since the active agent is applied directly to the affected tissue, and a reduced potential for systemic adverse effects. The range of topical agents currently available for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis varies widely. The 4 primary aims when considering local drug application are: rapid symptomatic relief (particularly applicable to local vasoconstrictors and histamine antagonists);prophylactic therapy (mast cell stabilisers);avoidance of systemic adverse reactions (eye drops containing corticosteroids); anddirect route of administration (specific ocular immunotherapy). In this article we review the underlying pathological mechanisms, present a clinical and diagnostic overview and discuss the available therapeutic options. Finally, we present our treatment strategy, which is based on the nature of the disorder and the patient's expectations. In seasonal or perennial conjunctivitis the combination of decongestants and antihistamines should be first choice for palliative treatment. Mast cell stabilisers should be used as prophylaxis, while immunotherapy can provide a cure. In vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis, the decongestant/antihistamine combination can be used for long-term treatment, while courses of topical corticosteroids may prevent flares. Mast cell stabilisers, with lodoxamide in the first place, are used for prophylactic therapy. Surgery may be useful in handling complications. In giant papillary conjunctivitis, hygienic measures regarding contact lenses are mandatory, and sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) may provide rapid relief. In contact conjunctivitis, removal or avoidance of the sensitiser is most important. Topical use of corticosteroids should be limited to severe cases.
 ...
PMID:Optimal use of topical agents for allergic conjunctivitis. 1802 May 17

The eye represents an ideal and frequent site for the allergic reactions. The term 'allergic conjunctivitis' refers to a collection of disorders that affect the lid, conjunctiva and/or cornea. Even though the diagnosis is essentially clinical, local tests such as cytology, conjunctival provocation and tear mediator analysis can be performed. The immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mechanism does not explain completely the severity and the clinical course of chronic allergic ocular diseases such as vernal (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), which are probably also related to T cell-mediated responses, massive eosinophil attraction and activation and non-specific hypersensitivity. An altered balance between T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells and between Th1- and Th2-types of cytokines is thought to be responsible of the development of ocular allergic disorders. New findings suggest that a wide range of cytokines, chemokines, proteases and growth factors are involved by complex interwoven interactions rather than distinct and parallel pathways. In addition, several non-specific enzymatic systems may be activated during acute and chronic allergic inflammation, thus contributing to the complex pathogenesis of the disease. Current drug treatment for ocular allergy targets the key mechanisms involved in the development of clinical disease: mast cells with mast cell stabilizers, histamine with histamine receptor antagonists and inflammation with corticosteroids, severe inflammation with immunomodulators. None of these agents lacks side effects and none abolishes signs and symptoms completely. New therapeutic strategies are still needed to respond to the complex pathogenesis of severe forms of ocular allergy such as VKC and AKC.
 ...
PMID:Allergy and the eye. 1872 24

Allergy is an over-reaction of the body's immune system to innocuous foreign substances or allergens that the body perceives as a potential threat or undesirable. It is estimated to affect approximately 20% of the population. Of this subset at least 20% suffer from ocular allergy. It has a significant impact on the quality of life of the individual. Allergic diseases are those conditions in which an antibody- and/or T-cell mediated mechanisms are involved. Allergic eye diseases are characterized by IgE-mast cell mediated, as seen in allergic conjunctivitis; chronic mast cell activation and eosinophil/T-lymphocyte-mediated response, as seen in giant papillary conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and atopic keratoconjunctivitis; or a T-lymphocyte-mediated response in contact ocular allergy. The management of allergic eye disease is aimed at preventing the release of mediators of allergy, controlling the allergic inflammatory cascade and preventing ocular surface damage secondary to the allergic response. In the management of ocular allergic disease, the clinician is advised to recommend non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic regimens that address the acute presentation of ocular allergy and provide prophylaxis aimed at providing long-term maintenance therapy. This approach to the management of allergic eye diseases aims to minimize the impact of the allergic reaction on the individual's quality of life. To achieve success in the management of allergic eye diseases, the clinician requires a considerable understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical features and differential diagnosis of the different types of ocular allergy, as well as an adequate knowledge of their pharmacotherapy.
 ...
PMID:The management of allergic eye diseases in primary eye care. 1987 97

Allergic conjunctival diseases caused by immediate hypersensitivity are classified into several subtypes, including seasonal or perennial allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), atopic karatoconjunctivitis, giant papillary conjunctivitis. The gold standard in treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, especially Japanese cedar pollinosis, is anti allergic ophthalmic solution, mast cell stabilizer and histamine H1 blocker. During the peak pollen count period, we use an ophthalmic steroid solution. Preseasonal treatment with anti allergic ophthalmic solution is effective to decrease symptoms during the peak pollen count period. Topical steroids are most effective treatment for VKC, but are also frequently associated with increasing intraocular pressure. A recent treatment combining anti allergic ophthalmic solution, steroid ophthalmic solution and topical immunomodulator (cyclosporine 0.1% or tacrolimus 0.1%) proves very effective and safe for severe VKC.
 ...
PMID:[Ophthalmology]. 1989 34

Ocular allergy is an inflammatory response of the conjunctival mucosa that also affects the cornea and eyelids. Allergic conjunctivitis includes seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) and giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC). In general, allergic conditions involve mast cell degranulation that leads to release of inflammatory mediators and activation of enzymatic cascades generating pro-inflammatory mediators. In chronic ocular inflammatory disorders associated with mast cell activation such as VKC and AKC constant inflammatory response is observed due to predominance of inflammatory mediators such as eosinophils and Th2-generated cytokines. Antihistamines, mast-cell stabilizers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids and immunomodulatory agents are commonly indicated for the treatment of acute and chronic allergic conjunctivitis. In recent years newer drug molecules have been introduced in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. This article reviews recent patents and emerging therapeutics in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
 ...
PMID:Recent patents and emerging therapeutics in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. 2117 52

Allergic diseases have greatly increased in industrialized countries. About 30% of people suffer from allergic symptoms and 40%-80% of them have symptoms in the eyes. Atopic conjunctivitis can be divided into seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC). The treatment of SAC is simple; antihistamines, anti-inflammatory agents, or chromoglycate. In severe cases of SAC, subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy is helpful. PAC needs longer therapy, often year round, with mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, and sometimes local steroids. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis is a more severe disease showing chronic blepharitis often connected with severe keratitis. It needs, in many cases, continuous treatment of the lid eczema and keratoconjunctivitis. Blepharitis is treated with tacrolimus or pimecrolimus ointment. Conjunctivitis additionally needs corticosteroids and, if needed, cyclosporine A (CsA) drops are administered for longer periods. Basic conjunctival treatment is with mast cell-stabilizing agents and in addition, antihistamines are administered. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is another chronic and serious allergic disease that mainly affects children and young people. It is a long-lasting disease which commonly subsides in puberty. It demands intensive therapy often for many years to avoid serious complicating corneal ulcers. Treatment is mast cell-stabilizing drops and additionally antihistamines. In relapses, corticosteroids are needed. When the use of corticosteroids is continuous, CsA drops should be used, and in relapses, corticosteroids should be used additionally. Nonallergic eosinophilic conjunctivitis (NAEC) is a less known, but rather common, ocular disease. It affects mostly middle-aged and older women. The eye symptoms of NAEC are largely similar to those seen in chronic allergic conjunctivitis. Basic therapy is mast cell-stabilizing drops. Eosinophilic inflammation needs additional corticosteroids. In severe cases, CsA drops are recommended. Antihistamines should be avoided. It is important to recognize the different forms of allergic ocular diseases and to start the treatment early and intensively enough to avoid chronicity of the disease and accompanying tissue destruction.
 ...
PMID:Updates in the treatment of ocular allergies. 2143 49

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis / spring catarrh is a variety of exogenous allergic conjunctivitis, which is a very troublesome ocular disease of childhood and in the adolescent age group. The child suffers from intense itching, grittiness, discharge, redness, lacrimation, photophobia, and so on, thereby, decreasing his learning hours. The troublesome features are aggravated in the spring season / hot climate that lasts for years together and rarely persists after adolescence. Mast cell stabilizers, topical Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and steroids are the available treatment options that too with symptomatic relief and potential side effects, which limits the long-term use of these medicines. The clinical picture of vernal keratoconjunctivitis / spring catarrh is very similar to Kaphaja Abhishyanda, and Triyushnadi Anjana Bhaishajya Ratnavali (B.R.), and its treatment was clinically tried on the patients attending the Netra Roga OPD of the R.G. Government P.G. Ayurveda College Hospital at Paprola (H.P.). A proper protocol and performa was adopted with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the first phase, a pilot study was conducted on 38 clinically diagnosed patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and it gave 100% relief in photophobia, foreign body (FB) sensation, and lacrimation, with marked relief in other features. Encouraged by this pilot work, Triyushnadi Anjana (TA) and 2% sodium cromoglycate (mast cell stabilizer) eye drops in the second-phase clinical trial on 32 patients were tried clinically to evaluate the comparative efficacy. In the second clinical trial, the patients were randomly divided into two groups and Group I was given sodium cromoglycate 2% eye drops and Group II was given TA. The outcome of this study verified the results of the first phase pilot study, and on comparison of the results of the two groups in the second clinical study it was observed that the TA-treated group showed better results. Transient irritation in the eyes was reported by all patients after application of TA, which was relieved by keeping the eyes closed for a few minutes. None of the patients reported any adverse action of the trial drug. Thus, it can be concluded that TA is a safe, cost-effective, and potent Ayurvedic alternative in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis / spring catarrh.
 ...
PMID:A clinical study to assess the efficacy of Triyushnadi Anjana in Kaphaja Abhishyanda with special reference to vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 2204 41

About 30% of people suffer from allergic symptoms, and 40% to 80% of them have eye symptoms. Atopic conjunctivitis is divided into seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and perennial allergic conjunctivitis. The treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is simple: antihistamines, anti-inflammatory agents, or cromoglycate. Perennial allergic conjunctivitis needs longer therapy with mast cell stabilizers and sometimes local steroids. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis requires long-term treatment of the lid eczema and keratoconjunctivitis. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis mainly affects children and young people. It commonly calms down after puberty. It demands intensive therapy, often for many years, to avoid serious complicating corneal ulcers. Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a foreign body reaction in contact lens users or patients with sutures following ocular surgery. Nonallergic eosinophilic conjunctivitis affects mostly middle-aged and older women with eosinophilic conjunctivitis and dry eye. Contact allergic blepharoconjunctivitis is often caused by cosmetics and eye medication. Work-related ocular allergies should be considered as a cause of resistant ocular symptoms in workplaces.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostics and new developments in the treatment of ocular allergies. 2238 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>