Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mast cells were counted in 50 axillary lymphnodes draining breast carcinoma and 50 other lymphnodes from various sites with different histological lesions. All the lymphnodes, except those with tuberculous lymphadenitis were associated with increase in the number of mast cells. Highest number of mast cells (mean 172.80/mm2) were found in filarial lymphadenitis and lowest in tuberculous lymphadenitis (mean 8.87/mm2). In the axillary lymphnodes draining breast carcinoma, higher mast cell count was observed in reactive nodes. As these lymphnodes showed micro-metastasis the mast cells gradually decreased in number, and with extensive metastasis only few mast cells were seen. On comparison, the reactive lymphnodes draining breast carcinoma and other reactive nodes, the latter were associated with more mast cells.
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PMID:Mast cell numbers in lymphnode lesions. 967 Jun 26

We have occasionally experienced eosinophilic abscess of the liver in patients with gastric carcinoma, suggesting that some eosinophil mobilizing (chemotactic and proliferative) factors might be produced by carcinoma cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not gastric carcinoma expresses the well-known eosinophil chemotactic factors (ECFs) and whether or not the expression is related to the histologic subtypes. Seventeen consecutive surgically removed tumor-bearing stomachs were collected: 7 signet ring cell type, 7 poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and 3 moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Hematoxylin-eosin stained sections were re-evaluated for eosinophil and mast cell infiltration. The expression of IL-2, IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were examined by immunocytochemical stain. There was no available frozen tissue for IL-2 and IL-5 in one case. Gastric carcinoma expressed IL-2 in all 16 cases, IL-5 in 12 of 16 cases and GM-CSF in 10 of 17 cases. Of particular interest, 7 of 10 GM-CSF-expressing carcinomas were signet ring cell type. Even in the remaining 3 cases, most GM-CSF-positive cells were signet ring cells scattered within tubular adenocarcinoma. No correlation of ECF expression between either eosinophil/mast cell infiltration or peripheral blood eosinophilia was identified. In conclusion, most gastric carcinomas express the well-known ECFs and the expression of GM-CSF is specific for signet ring carcinoma cells.
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PMID:Expression of eosinophil chemotactic factors in stomach cancer. 1033 16

We investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvascular density in 54 cases of invasive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in ten samples of normal laryngeal tissue using immunohistochemistry methods. The study also focused on the distribution of mast cells in and around the SCCs. The microvascular density in laryngeal carcinoma tissue was higher than that in normal tissue (P = 0.02). VEGF was localized in SCCs, stromal cells, endothelial cells, minor salivary glands, and non-cancer epithelium adjacent to the tumor. VEGF expression in the tumor cells was found in 13 of 54 cases (24.1%), whereas mast cells around the carcinomas were VEGF positive in all 54 cases. Staining of VEGF in SCCs was strong in the area of high microvascular density (P = 0.0002). Using a multi-labeling subtraction immunostaining method, VEGF-positive stromal cells were classified mostly as mast cells and, in a few instances, as macrophages. VEGF staining in SCCs was associated with the mast cell count (P = 0.0001). There was no distinct correlation between VEGF expression and pTNM stage of an SCC. In conclusion, the results suggest that VEGF might be an important angiogenic factor in cancer invasion. Laryngeal cancer cells and mast cells may control the angiogenic response by releasing VEGF.
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PMID:Association of vascular endothelial growth factor and mast cells with angiogenesis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. 1078 83

Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are activated by proteolytic removal of a short amino terminal peptide, thus exposing a new amino terminus that functions as a tethered ligand that activates the receptor. With the aim to identify and study potential activators of PAR-2 we have developed a new method to measure proteolytic cleavage of PARs. PAR-2 was tagged with the insulin C-peptide that upon receptor cleavage is released and quantified using an ELISA. The modified receptor, shown to be functional in mouse 3T3 cells, was expressed in an insect cell line and the ability of different proteinases to cleave PAR-2 was studied. Two different mast cell tryptases cleaved PAR-2 in a concentration dependent manner, but were much less potent than pancreatic trypsin and trypsin-2 isolated from a carcinoma cell line. Pancreatic trypsin and trypsin-2 were almost equally effective at cleaving PAR-2 suggesting that extrapancreatic trypsins are potential in vivo activators of PAR-2.
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PMID:Extrapancreatic trypsin-2 cleaves proteinase-activated receptor-2. 1094 45

Mature human mast cells are classical secretory cells that are filled with secretory-storage granules but are poorly endowed with visible free or membrane-bound cytoplasmic ribosomes. We recently reported close associations of ribosomes and various components essential to RNA metabolism in and close to human mast cell granules using multiple ultrastructural imaging methods. In view of these findings and an increased awareness of RNA sorting and localization to specific subcellular sites and organelles, we used human mast cells purified from non-tumour portions of lung samples resected at surgery for carcinoma and ultrastructural methods to investigate this further. Poly(U) probes were used to detect direct en grid binding, and radiolabelled as well as non-radiolabelled poly(U) probes were used in in situ hybridization protocols to detect poly(A)-positive pre-mRNA and mRNA in nuclear, cytoplasmic and granular compartments of mature human mast cells. Negative controls verified specificity of label; expected nuclear and cytoplasmic locations of poly(A)-positive RNA served as positive controls for each sample. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that site-specific synthesis in secretory-storage granules may occur in secretory cells.
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PMID:Ultrastructural cytochemical, immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization methods with polyuridine probes detect mRNA in human mast cell granules. 1098 6

The expression of a primary initiator of tumor angiogenic responses, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), may be induced by nitric oxide (NO) in carcinoma cells. However, the net impact of NO on carcinogenesis remains unclear, because manipulation of NO levels has been shown to either stimulate or inhibit tumor growth. We have investigated the relationship between inducible NO synthase (NOS II), VEGF expression, and growth of B16-F1 melanoma over 14 days in wild-type (NOS II+/+) mice and in those in which the gene for NOS II has been deleted (NOS II-/-). B16-F1 tumor growth was measured as wet weight of the excised tissue. Tumor NOS II and VEGF localization were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and VEGF mRNA levels were measured by Northern blot analysis. In NOS II+/+ mice inoculated with B16-F1 melanoma cells, macroscopic tumors were always observed at 14 days; however, 22% of NOS II-/- mice had no detectable tumor mass. Immunoreactive NOS II was detected in tumor cells of tumors grown in NOS II+/+ but not in NOS II-/- mice. Although immunoreactive VEGF was detected in the granules of tumor-associated mast cells from both NOS II+/+ and NOS II-/- mice, VEGF mRNA expression in tumors from NOS II-/- was half that in NOS II+/+ mice. Neither NOS II inhibition, exogenous NO, nor peroxynitrite influenced DNA synthesis in culture B16-F1 melanoma cells. The NO donor did not alter either VEGF mRNA levels or degranulation in cultures of the mast cell line RBL-2H3, but peroxynitrite increased both VEGF mRNA expression and degranulation. We conclude that host expression of NOS II contributes to induction of NOS II in the tumor and to melanoma growth in vivo, possibly by regulating the amount and availability of VEGF.
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PMID:Nitric oxide synthase II gene disruption: implications for tumor growth and vascular endothelial growth factor production. 1130 6

Alpha-thujaplicin, a minor component of Thujopsis dolabrata SIEB. et ZUCC. var. hondai MAKINO, which was synthesized, showed the antibacterial activity, phytogrowth-inhibitory effect, inhibition of carboxypeptidase A and cytotoxic effect. Antibacterial activity of alpha-thujaplicin on Enterococcus faecalis IFO-12965 [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 1.56 microg/ml] was higher than that of gentamicin (MIC: 6.25 microg/ml) used as a positive control. Inhibitory activity of alpha-thujaplicin on carboxypeptidase A [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50): 3.24 x 10(-5) M] was higher than that of 1,10-phenanthroline used as a positive control. Alpha-thujaplicin showed germination inhibition toward the seed of Echinochloa utilis Ohwi et Yabuno even at the low concentration of 10 ppm and its growth inhibitory effect was stronger than that of sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate used as a standard. Alpha-thujaplicin at 1.25 microg/ml inhibited cell growth of human stomach cancer KATO-IIl by 86%, and Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma by 87%, respectively. This compound even at the low concentration of 0.32 microg/ml also inhibited cell growth of the former by 66%, and the latter by 75%, respectively. The acute toxicity of alpha-thujaplicin [50% lethal dose (LD50) value: 256 mg/kg] in mice was as strong as those of beta-dolabrin (LD50 value: 232 mg/kg) and gamma-thujaplicin (LD50 value: 277 mg/kg).
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PMID:Biological activity of alpha-thujaplicin, the minor component of Thujopsis dolabrata SIEB. et ZUCC. var. hondai MAKINO. 1141 45

The sonographic findings in 101 cats with splenic abnormalities are presented. Diagnosis was made by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirate or fine-needle biopsy (n = 91), ultrasound-guided core biopsy (n = 1), surgical core biopsy (n = 1), or necropsy (n = 10). Two cats had more than one diagnostic procedure (fine needle aspirate and necropsy or core biopsy and necropsy). The splenic abnormalities included lymphosarcoma (n = 30), mast cell tumor (n = 27), extramedullary hematopoiesis and/or lymphoid hyperplasia (n = 27), epithelial tumors (n = 6), mesenchymal tumors (n = 4), malignant histiocytosis (n = 2), myeloproliferative disease (n = 2), pyogranulomatous inflammation (n = 2), erythroleukemia (n = 1), eosinophilic syndrome (n = 1), hematoma (n = 1), and granulomatous splenitis (n = 1). Three cats had more than one splenic abnormality (mast cell tumor and metastatic carcinoma, pyogranulomatous inflammation and lymphoid hyperplasia, histiocytic lymphosarcoma, and lymphoid hyperplasia). Pathognomonic changes were not seen for any of the diseases.
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PMID:Ultrasonographic appearance of splenic disease in 101 cats. 1167 67

To elucidate the role of angiogenesis in the carcinogenesis and progression of oral cancer, we investigated microvessel density (mVd), mast cell density (mCd) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) expression in a series of 50 patients with T1-3 N0-1 M0 oral squamous carcinoma (OSC) and 21 patients with non-dysplastic oral leukoplakia (NDOLP). Paraffin-embedded pathological tissue was utilised for the immunohistochemical analysis of mVd and TP expression. Toluidine blue histochemical method was employed for mast cell identification. OSC and NDOLP were not significantly different with respect to mVd (mVd mean value +/- SD: 30+/-17 and 27+/-18, respectively) and mCd characteristics (mCd mean value +/- SD: 8+/-6 and 7+/-6 units, respectively). Conversely, tumour epithelia showed some degree of TP immunostaining in 100% of cases compared with 76% in NDOLP samples (p< or =0.001 by Fisher's test). A good correlation was found between mVd and mCd in both NDOLP (c.c. 0.632; p=0.002) and OSC (c.c. 0.496; p=0.000) tissue, whereas no association between TP expression and mVd or between mCd and TP status was evident. At a median follow-up of 18 months, patients with high mVd tumours showed a greater probability of survival than those with low mVd (75 and 40%, respectively; p=0.04 log-rank test). Our results suggest that the development of oral cancer epithelia is associated with a significant increase in TP expression. Conversely, the clinical outcome of OSC seems inversely related specifically to mVd.
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PMID:Microvessel density, mast cell density and thymidine phosphorylase expression in oral squamous carcinoma. 1242 83

The synthesis and biological evaluation of a homologous series of conjugates (9-13) of 2,5-diaziridinylbenzoquinone (DZQ) and 9-carbonylacridine, a DNA intercalating moiety, via a polymethylene unit (n=2-6) are described. In addition, the non-acridine compound 14, analogous to compound 12, and the 5-methyl-DZQ derivatized conjugate 15, an analog of compound 10, were also prepared. Through a Comet assay, compounds 9-13 were shown to produce DNA interstrand cross-links at submicromolar concentrations, consistent with K562 leukemia cells accumulating in the G2/M stage in the cell cycle. The cytotoxicity of compounds 9-15 was examined using a MTT assay on several human cancer cell lines, including chronic myeloid leukemia K562, the non-small cell lung cancers H596 and H460, and colon carcinoma cells BE and HT29. H460 and HT29 are rich in DT-diaphorase (DTD), and H596 and BE cells have negligible amounts of functional DTD. Under continuous exposure of drugs, except to the non-aziridine compound 19b, the IC50 values of all other compounds were determined to be in the range of 0.3-11.3 nM. Compound 10, which has a propyl linker group, was subjected to in vivo studies. When BDF1 mice with established mouse mammary carcinoma were treated with compound 10 (2 mg/kg at day 1 and 5 mg/kg at day 7), a significant delay (9-10 days) in cancer growth was recorded when compared to untreated controls. Furthermore, administration of compound 10 to nu/nu BDF1 mice bearing human lung cancer H460 xenograft (1.5 mg/kg for 10 for five consecutive days from day 13 and 17) also showed a significant reduction in tumor growth compared to untreated controls. The half-life of compound 10 in the presence of five different peptidases (porcine esterase, carboxypeptidase A, B and Y, and pepsin) was determined to be between 30 and 60 h.
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PMID:Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel diaziridinylquinone-acridine conjugates. 1450 82


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