Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intraperitoneal di(2-hydroxypropyl)-Nitrosamine (DHPN) caused a high incidence of oesophageal squamous carcinoma in male Wistar rats, particularly in rats killed 11 or more months after the start of injections. No control rats (injected intraperitoneally with saline) developed an oesophageal neoplasms. Histopathologically, the tumours were moderately well differentiated. Histochemical studies showed minor increases in mucin staining and mast cell population and a marked increase in bacteria in tumour-bearing oesophaguses. Electron microscopy showed the tumours to be similar to, but to differ in some respects from squamous carcinomas at other sites in humans. The possible implications of this work for human disease are twofold. It could provide a model for further study of aspects of oesophageal carcinoma and it serves to remind us that all potential oesophageal carcinogens need not act during swallowing.
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PMID:Oesophageal neoplasia in male Wistar rats due to parenteral di(2-hydroxypropyl)-Nitrosamine (DHPN): a combined histopathological, histochemical and electron microscopic study. 52 68

One hundred and thirty eight gastric carcinomas were studied histologically with special reference to the morphology of the tumor, its surrounding tissues and the regional lymph nodes. A special search was focused on the morphologic manifestations of possible host factors in association with gastric carcinoma. The most prominent findings were as follows: 1. The nuclear grade of the tumor was positively correlated with the 5-year survival rate of the patients. 2. The content of tumor-derived mucus was not a prognostic determinant. 3. The intensity of the stromal lymphocyte and plasma cell reactions did not affect the prognosis but was inversely related to the frequency of nodal metastases. 4. Sinus histiocytosis and nodal mast cell reactions were an important determinant of whether nodal metastases appear or not. 5. An active paracortical area of the lymph node was almost incompatible with the appearance of nodal metastases.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in gastric carcinoma. 68 79

Histopathological study for stromal cellular response was made on 200 cases of benign and dysplastic lesions and malignancy of breast. Infiltrations with lymphocytes and plasma cells were observed in 64% cases of fibroadenoma, 66.6% cases of giant fibroadenoma, 61% cases of mammary dysplasia and 33.3% cases of gynaecomastia. While mast cell infiltration was not observed in giant fibroadenoma, its presence was observed in 92% cases of fibroadenoma, 77.8% cases of mammary dysplasia and 33.3% cases of gynaecomastia. Lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrations were observed in 100% of cases of invasive duct carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and fibrosarcoma. Comedocarcinoma showed infiltration with these cells in 75% of cases while that for colloid carcinoma and Paget's disease of breast were observed in 50% of cases of each. Infiltrations with mast cells were observed in 92.3% cases of invasive duct carcinoma, 75% cases of comedocarcinoma and 25% cases of medullary carcinoma. Other malignant conditions of breast did not show mast cell infiltration. Degree of infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells was mainly of low grade in benign and dysplastic lesions compared to high degree of infiltration in malignancy. Mast cell infiltration was of low degree in both the types of lesions.
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PMID:Stromal cellular response in breast tumours and allied lesions. 132 27

This is the first report on the photodynamic treatment with a second-generation sensitizer, chloro-aluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (CASPc) of spontaneously arising tumors and on the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of snake neoplasms. Each of 10 cats, 2 dogs, and 3 snakes presenting with a variety of tumor types (squamous cell carcinoma, mast cell malignant tumor, and mixed carcinoma/sarcoma) was given an intravenous injection of 1 mg of CASPc per kilogram body weight 48 hours prior to irradiation with 675-nm light. Some larger tumors (greater than 1.5 cm deep) were surgically debulked prior to PDT. No significant systemic toxicity or skin photosensitization was observed in any animal. The tumor responses were comparable to those seen with conventional cryotherapy, hyperthermia, or surgery. PDT with CASPc of these cases led to 67% (12 of 18) complete response, 22% (4 of 18) partial response, and 11% (2 of 18) no response (less than 50% reduction in tumor size). Four cases could not be evaluated. Since the overall tumor response to CASPc is very good, and the problem of skin photosensitivity is nonexistent, it is expected that using CASPc-PDT to eradicate human tumors would also yield comparable results. Further studies with long-term follow-up are necessary to optimize the use of CASPc-PDT in veterinary and human medicine.
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PMID:Photodynamic therapy of spontaneous cancers in felines, canines, and snakes with chloro-aluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine. 182 98

Mast cell density, distribution, and ultrastructure were studied by light and electron microscopy in hamster buccal pouches undergoing chemically induced carcinogenesis. Epidermoid carcinomas in the pouches were induced by three topical applications per week of 0.5% 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in oil using a brush. Four experimental, DMBA-treated and two normal, untreated hamsters were sacrificed after 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks. After 8 weeks of DMBA treatment, the epithelium showed the pathological signs of dysplasia and hyperkeratosis. In the dermis an increased number of mast cells were evident, some of which showed degranulation. A few mast cells had started to migrate upwards towards the dysplastic epithelium after 10 weeks of DMBA treatment. Rapid degranulation was also apparent in some mast cells. These processes of upward migration and degranulation continued progressively during the 12- and 14-week periods of DMBA application in correlation with the progression of the tumor. By 16 weeks of treatment with the carcinogen, more mast cells had migrated closer to the invasive carcinoma, and many had degranulated. In the connective tissue mast cells were fully packed with many granules, and some mast cells were in proximity to macrophages and eosinophils. Our observations demonstrate that there is a positive correlation between developing carcinomas and mast cell density. Mast cell migration towards the carcinoma and degranulation were also evident.
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PMID:Sequential mast cell infiltration and degranulation during experimental carcinogenesis. 190 Oct 64

Mast cells were shown to accumulate around the periphery of the invasive and metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma (MTLn3), and histological evidence of mast cell degranulation was observed during the later stages of this model. To assess the physiological role of mast cells in vivo we have used the mast cell-stabilising compound FPL 55618 applied i.p. daily at 1 mg kg-1 for 23 days. Using groups of 12 rats we have found that this compound inhibited tumour growth at the primary site by as much as 70% in most of the treated animals compared with the control group which received equivalent volumes of saline. When the drug treatment was stopped after 23 days, tumour growth of the test group accelerated over the next 7 days and reached a similar tumour size to that of control animals. Histological studies of the tumour and contiguous host tissue at day 24 of the experiment revealed numerous extra-tumoural mast cells often showing signs of degranulation at several sites around the tumour periphery in the control animals. Such observations were not seen in those animals receiving FPL 55618 where, in contrast to controls, numerous intact mast cells were often seen within the tumour mass. Following cessation of the MC-stabilising treatment progressive mast cell activation was evident within 2-4 days, primarily at the tumour periphery. In vitro studies have shown that drug concentrations equivalent to five times the in vivo dose had no effect on the proliferative rate or viability of the MTLn3 cells. Moreover, the proliferative rate of these cells in culture was significantly increased when exposed to soluble mast cell products. Thus our data indicate that a mast cell-stabilising compound has significant benefits in reducing tumour growth in vivo, an observation which supports the concept that mast cell:tumour cell interactions are important for the growth and invasive properties demonstrated by this model of breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Mast cell modulation of tumour cell proliferation in rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762NF. 206 44

In a controlled study, malignant murine P815 mastocytoma cells exposed in vitro to distilled and deionized water died as a result of progressive swelling, degranulation, and membrane rupture. A 90% mean cell death occurred when cells obtained directly from culture were exposed to deionized water for 2 minutes. Of 6 cryopreserved malignant murine cell lines, which included Cloudman S91 melanoma, CMT-93 rectum carcinoma, MMT-06052 mammary carcinoma, and S-180 Sarcoma, only P815 mastocytoma and YAC-1 lymphoma were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by hypotonic shock; Cloudman S91 melanoma cells were the most resistant. Mastocytoma cells were selectively killed by hypotonic solution, and lymphoma cells were also killed by isotonic saline solution. Local mast cell tumor (MCT) recurrence and percentage survival were evaluated in 12 cats (21 MCT) and 54 dogs (85 MCT) subjected to surgery alone or local infiltration of deionized water as an adjunct to surgery. Of all 16 incompletely excised MCT in cats, there was no local recurrence following injection. Four mast cell tumors (2 cats) regressed after being injected in situ. In dogs with clinical stage-I MCT, local recurrence was detected in 50% (5/10), but with injection after incomplete excision, local MCT recurrence was significantly (P less than 0.05) less (6.6%, 1/15). Percentage recurrence was significantly (P less than 0.05) less and survival significantly greater when incompletely excised grade-II MCT were injected. Mean follow-up period after surgery in cats and dogs was 35 and 23.4 months, respectively.
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PMID:Mast cell tumor destruction by deionized water. 211 68

The histology of 17 cases of basal cell carcinoma and dermis next to the carcinoma was observed. The results showed that the mast cell number was markedly increased in the dermis near the basal cell carcinoma. There was an increase in the collagen fibers between the carcinoma and dermis tissues, forming a thin membrane around the carcinoma tissue. These findings suggest that the carcinoma-associated antigen may activate the lymphocytes to produce certain lymphokine which stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of the mast cell precursors. Histamine and other active mediators released from mast cells stimulate fibroblasts to synthesize collagen fibers which form a thin membrane between the carcinoma and dermis. The membrane plays a protective role against tumor dissemination.
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PMID:[Basal cell carcinoma and mast cells]. 263 34

We have examined genomic sequences and mRNA species hybridizing to a cDNA clone of a yolk sac carcinoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan designated PG19. Genomic blot hybridizations with cDNAs covering the majority of the PG19 mRNA sequence revealed 15 to 17 gene fragments. Similar analysis with probes representing either the propeptide or the combined core protein COOH-terminal domain and 3' untranslated sequences revealed single genomic fragments indicating that a single gene codes for the PG19 proteoglycan. Genomic blot analysis with cDNA sequences coding for the serine-glycine repeat of the core protein identified the same gene fragments observed with the entire PG19 cDNA, indicating that this coding region is homologous with sequences present in multiple genes. The same probes were also used to examine mRNA expression. In addition to the PG19 mRNA, several PG19-related mRNAs could be seen. These PG19-related mRNAs had homology with the serine-glycine coding sequence of the PG19 cDNA. These mRNAs may be coding for proteoglycans. The mRNA coding for PG19 appeared to be uniquely expressed in parietal yolk sac and mast cell lineages. The PG19 mRNA existed in different forms in parietal yolk sac and mast cell lines due to cell-type-specific differences in the length of the 5' untranslated sequences. These results indicate that expression of the PG19 proteoglycan gene is regulated both in terms of cell-type-specific transcription and selection of a transcriptional start site.
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PMID:Gene expression of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein PG19. 356 92

Changing numbers of mast cells were observed in precancerous and cancerous lesions of the gut in mice treated by 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride. The study included 18 samples of abnormal and atypical epithelium, 14 samples of preinvasive carcinoma, 15 samples of infiltrative carcinoma, and 12 control samples from untreated mice. Carcinogenesis was accompanied by a significant increase of mast cell numbers culminating in preinvasive carcinoma. A decrease of mast cells followed in fully developed adenocarcinomas up to numbers comparable to but more variable than those found in abnormal and atypical epithelium.
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PMID:[Mastocytes in the process of cancerogenesis. I. Study of experimental model systems]. 379 52


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