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Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced in vitro infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) leads to a polyclonal proliferation and immortalisation of B lymphocytes. In the present study we determined the effects of three different cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the tumour promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on EBV-immortalised B lymphocytes. These factors have known activities on normal B cells. IL-4 and IL-6 increased significantly EBV-B cell proliferation after 3 and 5 days of culture, where IL-2 had no effect. The effect of IL-4 and IL-6 on EBV-B cells was abolished after pre-incubation with anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-6 neutralising antisera, respectively. TPA induced a dose dependent inhibition of proliferation both in serum free and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) supplemented culture medium. Combinations of TPA and interleukins did not restore lymphoblastoid cell proliferation to background levels. All possible combinations of the three cytokines showed no synergistic or antagonistic effect on proliferation. TPA induced significant phenotypic changes of EBV immortalised B lymphocytes, by increasing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression and decreasing CD20 and CD23 antigen expression. Other B cell differentiation antigens; HLA-DR, CD19, and transferrin receptor (CD71), did not demonstrate significant changes. A dose dependent inhibition of CD21 and increase in CD22 expression was observed in 2 out of 3 lymphoblastoid cell lines tested.
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PMID:Effects of phorbol esters and cytokines (interleukin-2,-4, and -6) on the proliferation and surface phenotype of Epstein-Barr virus immortalised human B lymphocytes. 133 96

In this study, we have used radiolabeled IL-2 binding assays, Northern blot analysis, immunofluorescent flow cytometry and cell sorting, as well as proliferation and cytotoxicity assays to perform an extensive phenotypic and functional characterization of the IL-2 receptor in normal resting human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Our results indicate that almost all T cells (greater than 98%) express neither the high affinity IL-2 receptor nor the functional intermediate affinity p75 chain of the IL-2 receptor without prior activation. In contrast, most NK cells constitutively express the isolated intermediate affinity p75 IL-2 receptor. In addition, a subpopulation of NK cells, distinguished by high density expression of the NKH1 antigen, constitutively express the high affinity IL-2 receptor, in addition to an excess of the isolated intermediate affinity p75 IL-2 receptor. These NKH1bright+ cells exhibit a brisk proliferative response to IL-2, similar to that seen with antigen-activated T cells, yet do so in the absence of any known antigenic stimuli. No other resting peripheral blood lymphocyte population, including CD4+, CD8+, and CD20 cells, exhibits this property. The intermediate affinity p75 IL-2 receptor, as it exists in its isolated form on resting NK cells, does not transduce a growth signal equivalent to that seen in NK cells expressing the high affinity IL-2 receptor, despite doses of IL-2 that are known to fully saturate the isolated p75 chain. This strongly suggests that additional structural or functional components are involved in generating the proliferative response following the binding of IL-2 to the high affinity heterodimeric form of the IL-2 receptor. The constitutive expression of this functional high affinity IL-2 receptor on a small population of resting NK cells provides further evidence in support of a role for these cells in the host's early defense against viral infection or malignant transformation, before the more delayed but specific T cell response.
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PMID:Functional consequences of interleukin 2 receptor expression on resting human lymphocytes. Identification of a novel natural killer cell subset with high affinity receptors. 169 80

The immunological study of the major histocompatibility complex (class I, class II and DR antigens), tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), regional lymph node lymphocytes (RLNL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was evaluated on the basis of immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies of each subset of lymphocytes in a series of 16 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Two renal cell carcinomas in dialysis patients with acquired cystic disease of the kidneys (ACDK) were also included in this study. With regard to the immunological environment, a comparative study between renal cell carcinoma accompanied with ACDK and 14 other renal cell carcinoma was carried out. The results are described below: 1) With regard to the expression of MHC antigens in tumour cells, the degrees of expression of MHC class I, class II and DR-antigen in case 1 were higher than that of the other 14 renal cell carcinomas. On the other hand, no expression of MHC was detected in case 2. 2) As to the subsets of TIL, the CD25 (IL-2 receptor) was not expressed in all the renal cell carcinoma. As to the T cell receptor (TCR-alpha/beta chain), the degree of expression was the same in case 1 and the other 14 cases. On the other hand, no TCR was detected in the case 2. As to the other subsets of TIL (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16 and CD20), the rates of the infiltration were the same in case 1 and the other 14 cases, but those in case 2 were lesser than in all other 14 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunological study on renal cell carcinoma in dialysis patients with acquired cystic disease of kidneys]. 176 69

Mitoxantrone (DHAD), an anthracenedione with antineoplastic properties similar to doxorubicin, was tested for therapeutic efficacy and for immunomodulating action on lymphocyte subsets in 16 metastatic breast cancer patients, 12 of whom had been previously treated with chemotherapy. DHAD was given intravenously at a dose of 14 mg/m2 every 21 days. To evaluate total T lymphocytes (CD3), T helper (CD4), and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8) and the CD4/CD8 ratio, venous blood samples were drawn before and after the first DHAD cycle. Moreover, in 8/16 patients, B lymphocytes (CD20), T suppressor cells (CD8+/CD57+), T cytotoxic cells (CD8+/CD57-), NK (CD16) and IL-2 receptor-expressing cells (CD25) were also measured at the same time. An objective tumor response was achieved in 5/16 (31%) patients and the response rate was significantly higher in patients pretreated with hormone therapy alone than in those pretreated with chemotherapy. No relation was found between clinical response and changes in the CD4/CD8 ratio. Neither the mean number nor the percentage of CD3, CDA and CD8 cells observed after DHAD were significantly different with respect to those seen before. In contrast, the mean number of T suppressor cells, B lymphocytes and CD25-positive cells was significantly lower after than before DHAD administration, whereas no difference was seen in NK cells. These results confirm in humans the immunomodulating properties of DHAD previously described in experimental conditions. However, the DHAD-induced changes in lymphocyte subsets do not seem to be related to the clinical response in breast cancer.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone as a single agent in pretreated metastatic breast cancer: effects on T lymphocyte subsets and their relation to clinical response. 186 50

Human cell lines (the T-cell lines H9, Jurkat, and HUT102, the myeloid lines U937 and HL60, and the Raji B cell line) were infected with HIV-1. HIV-1 antigen could be detected by immunofluorescence analysis in more than 50% of T cells and myeloid cells 15 days after infection. Infection of Raji cells took more than 2-3 months. Studies of cell surface marker expression revealed remarkable changes after HIV-1 infection of Raji cells: expression of CR2 (C3d/EBV receptor, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD23, CD10, and surface IgM) were highly reduced, in the case of CR2 and membrane-IgM from 100 to 0%, whereas levels of CD37 and CD38 remained unaltered by HIV-1 infection. U937 cells showed a reduction of CD4 expression from 14 to 5% after HIV-1 infection; the CR3 expression slightly increased from 25 to 30%. In contrast, HLA-DR was only expressed (21%) after HIV-1 infection but not in uninfected U937 cells. Expression of HLA-DR could be detected also in HL60 cells (33%) after HIV-1 infection. In H9 cells, CD4 was reduced from 60 to 30% after HIV-1 infection, whereas HLA-DR and CD25/IL-2 receptor expression increased from 16 to 90% and from 0 to 50%, respectively. CD4 was reduced from 70 to 0% from Jurkat cells after HIV-1 infection, whereas expression of CR2 was only slightly diminished from 8 to 4%. Expression of CR1 and HLA-DR was slightly increased in these cells (1 to 3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Expression of the C3d/EBV receptor and of other cell membrane surface markers is altered upon HIV-1 infection of myeloid, T, and B cells. 213 11

The majority of CLLs are of B lineage derivation with about 5 per cent of cases of T lineage. Although morphologically resembling the small peripheral blood B cell, by virtue of the expression of B cell restricted and associated cell surface antigens, B-CLLs are not the neoplastic counterparts of normal resting B cells. Similar to the peripheral blood B cell, B-CLLs express CD19, CD20, CD21, CD24, CD40, CD44, CD45R, and sIgM/D. However, unlike peripheral blood B cells, B-CLLs generally do not express C3b complement receptor, LFA-1, or CD22. In addition, B-CLLs express the T cell associated antigen CD5, and a number of antigens induced on normal B cells following in vitro activation (B5, Blast-1, CD23). These findings support the hypothesis that B-CLLs are the neoplastic counterparts of one or more unique subpopulations of normal B cells. Normal CD5+ B cells, which phenotypically resemble B-CLL, are present in fetal lymphoid tissues and in small numbers in adults. Moreover, normal CD5+ B cells are present in increased numbers in patients with autoimmune diseases and a subset of normal in vitro activated B cells phenotypically resemble B-CLL. Similar studies into the state of differentiation of T-CLL cells suggest that although most cases resemble normal activated T helper cells, a significant number are the neoplastic counterparts of natural killer cells. Recent studies have examined the function of B and T cells in B-CLL. Although controversial, these studies suggest that the in vitro response to mitogens and cytokines of B-CLL cells is abnormal. T cell proliferation in B-CLL is depressed due to an inability to produce sufficient T cell growth factor (IL-2) as well as a poor response to exogenous IL-2 possibly from ineffective IL-2 receptor expression. Purified populations of T helper and T suppressor cells demonstrate insufficient support of Ig production by normal B cells as well as excess suppression, respectively. These studies have further supported the previous hypothesis that the depressed cellular and humoral immunity in CLL is multifactorial with both abnormal B and T cell function.
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PMID:Immunobiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 218 99

Human B lymphocytes undergo distinct phenotypic changes following activation with antigen and polyclonal mitogens. Increasing interest has focused on the unique subpopulation of B cells that expresses the CD5 antigen. In this study, we examined the signals that induce the expression of CD5 on normal splenic B cells. Only 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced CD5 expression on highly purified splenic B cells, whereas anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig), Epstein-Barr virus, anti-CD20, recombinant interleukin-1 (rIL-1), rIL-2, rIL-4, recombinant interferon-gamma (rINF-gamma), and B-cell growth factor all failed to induce CD5 expression. The expression of CD5 was detected on the cell surface by 48 hours and decreased by 96 hours. Dual-fluorochrome analysis demonstrated that the CD5+ B cells coexpressed the B-cell activation antigens B5, IL-2 receptor, and CD23, thereby providing phenotypic evidence that this B-cell subpopulation is activated. In vitro studies of dual-fluorochrome-sorted, TPA-stimulated splenic B cells demonstrated significantly greater tritiated thymidine incorporation and Ig secretion by the CD20+ CD5- cells than by the CD20+ CD5+ subset. These phenotypic and functional studies are consistent with the notion that TPA-induced CD5+ B cells are a subset of in vitro activated B lymphocytes.
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PMID:Studies of in vitro activated CD5+ B cells. 246 35

The surface marker phenotype of lymphocytes derived from 12 patients with B-CLL was compared to that of lymphocytes from 10 patients with an other monoclonal but clinical benign form of B-cell proliferative disorder termed monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis of undetermined significance (B-MLUS). A panel of well characterized monoclonal antibodies was used for the surface marker determinations. The mean total number of B cells (CD20) was 8.5 x 10(9)/1 in B-MLUS as compared to 44 x 10(9)/1 in B-CLL (p less than 0.001). B-CLL had a greater imbalance in T-cell subpopulations than B-MLUS and healthy controls. Total numbers of CD3+, CD8+ cells as well as cells expressing the NK-related antigens (CD16, Leu-7) and IL-2 receptor (CD25) bearing lymphocytes were statistically significant higher in B-CLL than in B-MLUS. Analyses of B-cell enriched populations showed that B-CLL represented B cells of an early maturation stage, whereas B cells from B-MLUS were more mature as judged by the loss of the CD21 surface marker. A larger fraction of B cells in B-CLL compared to B-MLUS exhibited a higher activation stage as revealed by the expression of the CD21, CD25 and CD35 structures as well as the FMC7 antigen.
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PMID:Higher T-cell imbalance and growth factor receptor expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) as compared to monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis of undetermined significance (B-MLUS). 2831 41

Leukocyte subpopulations, the expression of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, and the production of IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) were studied in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of American cutaneous leishmaniasis patients that had been stimulated in vitro with either leishmanial antigen or mitogen (phytohemagglutinin M). The 75 patients examined were classified as having either the localized (LCL; 66 patients), mucocutaneous (MCL; 5 patients), or the rare diffuse (DCL; 4 patients) form of the disease. Patients with DCL, who are characterized by their defective cell-mediated immune response to leishmanial antigen, failed to express the IL-2 receptor and did not produce IFN-gamma when exposed to the antigen but did so when stimulated by phytohemagglutinin M. Both LCL and MCL patients showed strong proliferative responses to leishmanial antigen; these were by far the greatest in MCL patients. Both groups had significantly increased IL-2 receptor expression and IFN-gamma production after exposure to either antigen or mitogen, and these were highest in the MCL patients. Concerning the leukocyte subpopulations evaluated (CD2, CD4, CD8, CD20, MO2), the most significant findings were a decrease of both CD4+ cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio in MCL patients compared with the other groups. Considering IL-2 production, in response to phytohemagglutinin M both MCL and LCL patients showed amounts of IL-2 comparable to those of the controls. Our results help explain the anergy of T cells from DCL patients to leishmanial antigen, which could lead to a defective production of IFN-gamma and possibly contribute to their incapacity to kill the Leishmania parasite. Concerning MCL patients, the significantly increased expression of IL-2 receptor, decreased expression of the CD4 (helper-inducer of suppression) phenotype, and elevated IFV-gamma production might partially explains the state of hypersensitivity and mucosal damage exhibited by these patients.
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PMID:T-cell subpopulations, expression of interleukin-2 receptor, and production of interleukin-2 and gamma interferon in human American cutaneous leishmaniasis. 313 91

32 monoclonal antibodies reactive with human CD antigens were tested against tamarin peripheral blood lymphocytes, ConA blasts and lymphoblastoid B cell lines derived from tamarin cells. Reagents that cross-react with MHC class I and II, B cells (CD20, -21 and -23), monocytes (CD14) and NK cells (CD16, -56) have been identified. In addition monoclonals that cross-react with T cells (CD2, CD3), the CD4/CD8 subsets of T cells and the IL-2 receptor (CD25) are reported. A monoclonal against the beta chain of LFA-1 (CD18) cross-reacted strongly, but there was only a very poor cross-reaction with a monoclonal against the alpha chain of CD11a. Two monoclonals tested against ICAM-1(CD54) were negative.
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PMID:Selection of monoclonal antibodies for the identification of lymphocyte surface antigens in the New World primate Saguinus oedipus oedipus (cotton top tamarin). 783 81


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