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Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A transgenic TCR adoptive transfer system was used to visualize Ag-specific T cell activation and cytokine expression in vivo. After s.c. injection of peptide in adjuvant the entire Ag-specific population up-regulated IL-2 receptor alpha-chain expression, underwent blast transformation, and developed a memory-surface phenotype. A minority of the Ag-specific T cells produced predominantly IL-2 mRNA and localized at the T cell/B cell junction in draining lymph nodes. In the secondary response, a mixed cytokine pattern of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines was demonstrated. When peptide was administered i.v. without adjuvant, 50% of the Ag-specific cells expressed IL-2, but the peak of expression occurred before IL-2 receptor alpha-chain up-regulation, and only a minority of the Ag-specific T cells underwent blast transformation.
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PMID:Visualization of antigen-specific T cell activation and cytokine expression in vivo. 899 80

Stimulation of T-lymphocytes with mitogens or antigens results in the production of the cytokine interleukin-2, which exerts its physiological effect by interacting with a specific IL-2 receptor on the cell surface. The alpha-chain of this receptor is induced and expressed on the cell surface after lymphocyte activation. Following continuous antigen stimulation, a smaller soluble form of this alpha-subunit (sIL-2R-alpha) is shed from the membrane of activated cells. This study describes a sandwich ELISA for bovine sIL-2R-alpha that was developed using monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine IL-2R-alpha (CD 25). The feasibility of using sIL-2R-alpha released by activated T-lymphocytes as an in vitro marker of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in cattle is demonstrated. Calves were immunized with the foreign protein keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and the development of CMI was followed using sIL-2R-alpha release, IFN-gamma production and lymphocyte proliferation assay. The results showed that the release of sIL-2R-alpha by previously sensitized cells following stimulation with antigen is likely to be a useful marker of CMI in infectious diseases, and in the study of T cell antigens and/or novel vaccines. Using appropriate detection systems, the measurement of sIL-2R-alpha may also prove to be a useful marker of CMI in other species.
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PMID:Development of a sandwich immunoassay for the detection of soluble bovine interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (sIL-2R-alpha) and its use to measure cell-mediated immunity in cattle. 906 Jan 39

Cigarette smoking has been shown to cause profound suppression of T-cell responses in the lungs, but the mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs is not known. We have shown that 10 microM p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), a thiol-reactive benzene derivative found in cigarette tar, inhibits mitogen-induced IL-2 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by 76 +/- 7% without affecting lymphocyte/macrophage agglutination or blast transformation. The effect of p-BQ appeared to be specific for IL-2 production, since de novo induction of the IL-2 receptor alpha-chain (CD25) and ICAM-1 (CD54) and upregulation of LFA-1 alpha/beta (CD11a and CD18) were unaffected. In contrast, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), another alpha,beta-unsaturated diketone with thiol-reactive properties similar to those of p-BQ, inhibited all of these Con A-induced activation events. These results suggest that p-BQ inhibits T-cell mitogenesis by blocking a thiol-dependent event that controls IL-2 production but not other T-cell activation events.
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PMID:The cigarette tar component p-benzoquinone blocks T-lymphocyte activation by inhibiting interleukin-2 production, but not CD25, ICAM-1, or LFA-1 expression. 907 89

Indolent, primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are characterized by hyper-proliferation of malignant T-helper cells in the skin with a favorable prognosis in the early stages. Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) are believed to be of major importance for tumor surveillance, but there is not yet sufficient evidence for a systemic anti-tumor response in mycosis fungoides (MF). On the contrary, there are hints of systemic immunodepression. We wondered whether signs of a systemic anti-tumor response were demonstrable in peripheral blood of patients with MF and CD30+ pleomorphic T cell lymphoma. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, we investigated blood samples from 39 CTCL patients at different stages and compared them with those from patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and healthy volunteers. In CTCL patients, an elevated number of lymphocytes expressing natural killer cell markers were found, as well as considerable T-cell activation, indicated by increased percentages of T cells expressing HLA-DR, IL-2 receptor alpha-chain, and transferrin receptor. The CD8+ T cells, which were the most strongly activated T-cell subset, were of polyclonal origin, as shown by their usage of different T-cell receptor families. The enhanced expression of activation antigens was associated with an increased proportion of CD8+ T cells with high expression of the adhesion molecule LFA-1, demonstrating the capacity for migration of these cells. These CD8+ effector cells are suspected to be CTLs and may be responsible for the favorable prognosis of indolent, primary CTCL. Interestingly, a stage-dependent decrease in T-cell activation antigen expression was observed, suggesting the development of a lack in tumor surveillance in advanced MF stages. Further investigations are necessary to verify whether any of the parameters determined are of predictive value for prognosis and response to therapy in CTCL.
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PMID:Enhanced expression of T-cell activation and natural killer cell antigens indicates systemic anti-tumor response in early primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 912 26

Growing evidence has indicated that cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) status regulates various aspects of cellular function. Oxidative stress can elicit positive responses such as cellular proliferation or activation, as well as negative responses such as growth inhibition or cell death. Cellular redox status is maintained by intracellular redox-regulating molecules, including thioredoxin (TRX). TRX is a small multifunctional protein that has a redox-active disulfide/dithiol within the conserved active site sequence: Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys. Adult T cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF), which we originally defined as an IL-2 receptor alpha-chain/Tac inducer produced by human T cell lymphotrophic virus-I (HTLV-I)-transformed T cells, has been identified as human TRX. TRX/ADF is a stress-inducible protein secreted from cells. TRX/ADF has both intracellular and extracellular functions as one of the key regulators of signaling in the cellular responses against various stresses. Extracellularly, TRX/ADF shows a cytoprotective activity against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and a growth-promoting effect as an autocrine growth factor. Intracellularly, TRX/ADF is involved in the regulation of protein-protein or protein-nucleic acid interactions through the reduction/oxidation of protein cysteine residues. For example, TRX/ADF translocates from the cytosol into the nucleus by a variety of cellular stresses, to regulate the expression of various genes through the redox factor-1 (Ref-1)/APEX. Further studies to clarify the regulatory roles of TRX/ADF and its target molecules may elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways in the responses against various stresses. The concept of "redox regulation" is emerging as an understanding of the novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of several disorders, including viral infections, immunodeficiency, malignant transformation, and degenerative disease.
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PMID:Redox regulation of cellular activation. 914 92

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) shares many biological functions with interleukin-2 (IL-2) due to common receptor components. IL-15 binds to the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) beta-chain and the common gamma-chain receptor in addition to one other IL-15 binding receptor protein (IL-15R alpha). Both IL-2R beta- and gamma-chains are required to promote cell growth in hematopoietic cells. The colonic cryptlike epithelial cell line T84 contains the common gamma-chain but lacks the IL-2R beta-chain. We report IL-15R alpha-chain mRNA in T84 cells with the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. T84 and normal colonic epithelial cells bind a FLAG-IL-15 fusion protein in immunoperoxidase and flow cytometric experiments. In addition, IL-15, but not IL-2, accelerates and enhances the development of transepithelial resistance across T84 monolayers in a dose-dependent fashion. We conclude that normal and T84 colonic epithelial cells express IL-15R alpha and are able to bind IL-15. IL-15 can deliver a nonproliferative functional signal in the absence of IL-2R beta-chain in T84 cells.
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PMID:Interleukin-15 signals T84 colonic epithelial cells in the absence of the interleukin-2 receptor beta-chain. 917 31

Analysis of cytokine (receptor) mRNA levels has been suggested to be a sensitive technique for predicting the immunomodulatory potential of drugs and chemicals. Furthermore, this type of analysis is thought to be important in unraveling mechanisms of immunotoxicity. To study these issues, male Wistar rats were exposed to the immunotoxic environmental contaminants bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO; 5, 20, or 80 mg/kg diet for 6 weeks), hexachlorobenzene (HCB; 50, 150, or 450 mg/kg diet for 6 weeks), or benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P; 3, 10, 30, or 90 mg/kg body wt for 5 weeks by a daily (5 times a week) oral intubation). Spleen cells were cultured with Con A and analyzed by dot blot hybridization for IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-2 receptor alpha-chain (IL-2R alpha; CD25), and IL-4 mRNA levels. In addition, spleen and thymus sections of TBTO-exposed animals were assayed immunohistochemically for CD25 expression. Exposure to TBTO resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in IL-2R alpha mRNA levels from 5 mg/kg, a dose-dependent increase in IFN-gamma mRNA levels from 20 mg/kg, and increased IL-2 mRNA levels at 80 mg/kg diet. Exposure to HCB resulted in a dose-dependent increase in IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA levels from 150 mg/kg and increased IL-2R gamma mRNA levels at 450 mg/kg diet. Exposure to B(a)P resulted in a dose-dependent increase in IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA levels from 10 mg/kg and increased IL-2R alpha mRNA levels at 90 mg/kg body wt. No effects were seen on IL-4 mRNA levels. Spleen and thymus sections of TBTO-exposed animals showed reduced CD25 expression from 5 mg/kg diet. These results show that (1) the correlation between altered cytokine (receptor) mRNA levels and functional endpoints is variable, depending on the type of functional endpoint tested and the compound studied, (2) these assays are among the most sensitive ones for TBTO and HCB immunotoxicity, and among the more sensitive ones for B(a)P immunotoxicity, and (3) for TBTO, these assays provide a possible clue to a mechanism for thymus atrophy, resulting from exposure to this compound: reduced IL-2R expression may impede thymocyte maturation, resulting in thymus atrophy.
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PMID:Effects of in vivo exposure to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, hexachlorobenzene, and benzo(a)pyrene on cytokine (receptor) mRNA levels in cultured rat splenocytes and on IL-2 receptor protein levels. 946 72

These studies describe the production and purification of 211At as well as the procedure for labeling humanized anti-Tac, the antibody to the alpha-chain of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha), which has been shown to be a useful target for immunotherapy. The optimized protocol combines the advantages of the two-stage dry distillation procedure with the astatination of trialkylstannyl substances as labeling compounds for proteins. The 211At was produced by bombarding either an external or a recently developed disposable internal bismuth target with alpha-particles from a Cyclotron Corporation CS-30 cyclotron. The 211At was found to contain less than 0.01% 210At. The production rate for the external target was 0.15 mCi +/- 0.056 microA(-1) h(-1) (n = 9) (5.55 MBq mcroA[-1] h[-1]). The production rate for the internal target was 0.44 +/- 0.14 mCi microA(-1) h(-1) (n = 16) (16.28 MBq mcroA[-1] h[-1]).
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PMID:Preparation of 211At-labeled humanized anti-Tac using 211At produced in disposable internal and external bismuth targets. 946 21

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from immune cattle proliferate in the presence of autologous Cowdria ruminantium-infected endothelial cells and monocytes. Endothelial cells required treatment with T-cell growth factors to induce class II major histocompatibility complex expression prior to infection and use as stimulators. Proliferative responses to both infected autologous endothelial cells and monocytes were characterized by expansion of a mixture of CD4+, CD8+, and gammadelta T cells. However, gammadelta T cells dominated following several restimulations. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of cytokine expression by C. ruminantium-specific T-cell lines and immune PBMC revealed weak interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) transcripts at 3 to 24 h after stimulation. Strong expression of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, and IL-2 receptor alpha-chain mRNA was detected in T-cell lines 48 h after antigen stimulation. Supernatants from these T-cell cultures contained IFN-gamma protein. Our findings suggest that in immune cattle a C. ruminantium-specific T-cell response is induced and that infected endothelial cells and monocytes may present C. ruminantium antigens to specific T lymphocytes in vivo during infection and thereby play a role in induction of protective immune responses to the pathogen.
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PMID:Immunization of cattle by infection with Cowdria ruminantium elicits T lymphocytes that recognize autologous, infected endothelial cells and monocytes. 957 61

The expression of various proto-oncogenes in primary culture of lymphocytes from peripheral blood of bovine with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was studied. Cellular proto-oncogenes encode proteins that propagate growth, differentiation or apoptosis signals from cell membrane to nucleus. The proliferation and differentiation of normal eukaryotic cells are precisely controlled. Tumor cells usually are characterized both by the continuous growth signal and by the block of cell differentiation. We have previously reported that along with spontaneous proliferation, bovine CLL lymphocytes continuously differentiate and enter apoptosis in vitro. CLL cells with an autocrine growth mechanism and at the same time undergoing spontaneous differentiation and apoptosis in vitro provide a new model system to investigate the possible involvement of various proto-oncogenes in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Northern blot analysis revealed simultaneous expression of a number of proto-oncogenes in CLL cells. Transcripts of c-fos, c-myc, c-myb, A-raf, c-raf1, hck, IL-2 receptor alpha-chain (IL-2R alpha) were found in lymphocytes at the peak of their proliferative activity in culture. Kinetics studies demonstrated that CLL cells constitutively express transcripts of so-called immediate response nuclear proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos as well as cytoplasmic proto-oncogenes hck and c-raf1, i.e., genes coding for tyrosine and serine-threonine protein kinases, respectively. Expression level did not change significantly during all stages of CLL cells in culture. The results show that continuous expression of c-myc mRNA does not prevent CLL cell differentiation and may be associated with apoptotic cell death.
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PMID:Proto-oncogene expression in bovine peripheral blood leukemic lymphocytes during their spontaneous proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in vitro. 959 70


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