Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) can replace the cytokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) as a T-cell mitogen for the induction of interferon gamma (IFN gamma) expression in splenic cultures. IL-2-like and IL-2 receptor immunoreactivity have been reported in different brain regions, under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Regulatory functions for IL-2 in the CNS have been suggested. In addition to the spleen, AVP might also mediate some IL-2 effects centrally. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of IL-2 on the in vitro release of AVP from the hypothalamus and amygdala. In addition, we used these release systems to study the possible involvement of NO-mediated signaling in AVP release, based on the reported detection of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the hypothalamus and amygdala. IL-2 rapidly stimulates AVP release in both regions, in a calcium- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, nitroprusside also induces AVP release. Norepinephrine also induces AVP release from both the hypothalamus, as well as the amygdala. The norepinephrine-induced AVP release is antagonized by phentolamine, but not by propranolol, suggesting an alpha-adrenergic receptor-mediated AVP response in both brain regions. The IL-2- and acetylcholine-induced AVP release is antagonized by Ng-methyl-L-arginine, indicating a role for NO in this AVP release. Ng-methyl-L-arginine does not affect the norepinephrine-induced AVP release. A stimulatory effect of IL-2 on hypothalamic CRF release and plasma ACTH has already been reported. Our results suggest that in addition to CRF, AVP may also mediate the IL-2 stimulation of ACTH secretion. These data further suggest that in addition to the hypothalamus, the amygdala may also play a role in the bidirectional communication between neuroendocrine and immune systems. Understanding the mode of interaction between IL-2 with AVP could clarify the pathophysiologic or toxic effects of high brain levels of IL-2.
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PMID:IL-2 induces vasopressin release from the hypothalamus and the amygdala: role of nitric oxide-mediated signaling. 752 33

The cells in charge of the innate immune response in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. are the haemocytes. These cells respond in different ways to agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-2 (IL-2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). After stimulation of the haemocytes, the expression of molecules reactive with monoclonal antibodies raised to the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor, present in their membrane, differed depending on the agent used. The same happened with regard to the levels of dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline released to the medium by the haemocytes. It should also be noted that no catecholamine release was detected and the level of expression of IL-2Ralpha showed no significant variation in cultured cells that had not been treated with inducers. These facts would indicate that most haemocytes were in the same starting condition at the moment that the stimulation was performed. Therefore, cultured haemocytes can be a highly reliable model in the study of the innate immune system.
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PMID:In vitro effects of LPS, IL-2, PDGF and CRF on haemocytes of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. 1512 25