Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One of the important approaches for further prolonging remission duration and eradicating minimal residual disease in acute leukemia is immunotherapy. Four kinds of immunotherapy for acute leukemia are under investigation: (1) monoclonal antibodies, among them, Mylotarg (cytotoxic antibiotic calicheamicin linked to CD33 Mab) is given for the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and molecular relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia with good results, Campath-1H (antiCD52 Mab) is administered in the treatment of prolymphocytic leukemia and Rituximab (anti-CD20 Mab) in B-PLL with high complete remission rates. Other Mabs under preclinical and clinical trials include anti-IL-2 receptor Mab for the treatment of acute T lymphocytic leukemia, anti-220 kD Mab-6G7 for acute leukemias, recombinant immune toxin BL22 (anti-CD22) for hairy cell leukemia and Mabs labeled with radio-isotopes for different types of acute leukemias; (2) adoptive cellular immunotherapy using cytokine-induced killer cell, alloreactive NK cells, allogeneic or autologous leukemic-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and other immune effector cells; (3) cytokines and other immune modulators comprising IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, CD40L, FLT-3L and thalidomide and its derivatives; (4) leukemia vaccines of several different formulations including antigen-specific, leukemia cell-based, leukemia antigen-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) and leukemia-derived DC vaccines, the latter two formulations are more attractive. In conclusion, up to now, the most effective example of immunotherapy in acute leukemia is provided by the administration of Mabs, and the majority of other approaches in immunotherapy for acute leukemia although promising, need further studies.
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PMID:[Present status in studying immunotherapy for acute leukemia and its perspective--Editorial]. 1585 71

We report a 62-year-old woman with intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) which presented as subacute encephalopathy. She was admitted to our hospital because of loss of consciousness in the middle of February, 2006. Laboratory tests indicated elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and cerebrospinal fluid protein. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed multiple infarct-like lesions mainly in the white matter. After admission, her consciousness was soon improved, but the inflammatory response did not disappear with any antibiotics or virucides. Her consciousness was not exacerbated, and she was discharged in the middle of March, although the reason for loss of consciousness remained unknown. After discharge she developed an abnormal behavior and mental deterioration, and therefore she was readmitted late in March. On second admission, her consciousness was drowsy. Neurological examinations revealed conjugate deviation of her eyes to the left, left hemiparesis, and generalized hyporeflexia. Laboratory tests showed more elevated CRP than that of the last time, and raised soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R). The repeated MRI of the brain disclosed that initial lesions of the white matter progressively enlarged and increased in number. To make an appropriate diagnosis of the lesions on the brain MRI, the open brain biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination showed that many small vessels were occluded by lymphoma cells (B-lymphocytes) with hemorrhage, and IVL was diagnosed. She was treated with regimens of combined chemotherapy with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone). After chemotherapy her consciousness and left hemiparesis were gradually improved and the levels of CRP were normalized. The infarcts-like lesions detected on the brain MRI became reduced and decreased. IVL is a rare disease, and the prognosis is generally poor, with a rapidly fatal outcome, leading to a postmortem diagnosis. In the present report, we successfully treated the patient by rituximab in addition to standard CHOP therapy. Rituximab may play an important role in the treatment of IVL.
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PMID:[Intravascular lymphomatosis manifesting clinically as subacute encephalopathy]. 1854 Mar 79

A total of 1,859 intestinal transplants was reported to UNOS during the past 20 years (1,822 deceased, and 37 living donors). Forty-three US transplant centers reported at least one intestinal transplant, among them, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Nebraska Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center were the 3 largest centers, each performing more than 300 cases. The University of Illinois Medical Center performed the most (N = 24) living donor intestinal transplants. The one-, five-, and ten-year graft survival rates of all recipients are 71%, 45%, and 32%. The longest surviving adult intestine transplant is 19 years posttransplant and the longest surviving pediatric transplant is 18 yrs. Both were simultaneous intestine and liver transplants from deceased donors. The first living-donor intestine transplant was reported to UNOS in 1995. The patient received an intestine-alone transplant which functioned for 501 days. The longest surviving living donor intestine transplant is still functioning after 11 years. Among transplants that included the intestine, 37% were intestine-alone transplants, 30% included intestine+liver+pancreas, and 24% were intestine+liver. One-, 5-, and 10-year graft survival rates of intestine-alone recipients were 80%, 44% and 26%; while those for Intestine+liver and intestine+liver+pancreas, were, 62%, 45%, 36%, and 69%, 48%, 33%, respectively. HLA mismatches seemed to have no effect on graft survival for primary intestinal graft recipients, but the most poorly matched (5-6-HLA antigen mismatches) regraft recipients had notably lower graft survival rates. Patients who received ABO blood type compatible intestinal grafts from an "O" donor had a significantly lower graft survival than AB recipients of an A or B donor or those who received ABO identical transplants. Only 4 ABO incompatible intestinal transplants have been reported and all of them have failed. The first ABO incompatible transplant in the US was performed in 1990 and the graft survived for 7 days. The longest survival of an ABO incompatible transplant was 3.5 years. Ischemic time of intestine, patient's and recipient's CMV status had no effect on graft survival. Patients with a history of rejection episodes posttransplant or who had been previously transplanted had significantly lower graft survival rates. Acute rejection, chronic rejection and infection were among the major causes of graft failure. Infection, multiple organ system failure and graft rejection were the major causes of patient death. Induction therapy was used for 67% of all intestine recipients, which is lower than for kidney (83%) but higher than for liver recipients (59%). Thymoglobulin remained the most commonly used antibody since its introduction into intestine transplantation in 1999. In recent years, more patients received Zenapax/Simulect (anti-IL-2 receptor), Campath (anti-CD52) and Rituximab (anti-CD20). These antibodies were usually used in combination with other immunosuppressants. Patients receiving steroids and Campath induction therapy had higher graft and patient survival than other protocols. Prograft, steroids, Cellcept and Rapamycin were the 4 major immunosuppressants used in maintenance therapy. Prograft and steroids have been used more than 20 years since the initiation of the UNOS intestine database in 1990. Among all maintenance immunosuppression protocols, Prograft+steroids (43%), Prograft-alone (14%), Prograft+steroids+ Cellcept (11%), and Prograft+steroids+Rapamycin (6%) are the top 4 major protocols. Patients on Prograft+steroids+Rapamycin had the highest graft and patient survival rates, while those on steroids alone had the lowest.
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PMID:Intestine and multivisceral transplantation in the United States: a report of 20-year national registry data (1990-2009). 2052 78