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Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, we examined the expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors on normal human B cells as well as established B cell lines. Anti-Tac monoclonal antibody did not bind to freshly separated normal human B cells. Unexpectedly, with the appropriate activation of the normal B cells by anti-mu antibody, phorbol myristate acetate, or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC), Tac antigen was induced on the activated B cells. Anti-Tac antibody showed consistent reactivity with two B cell lines that were infected by human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) and some reactivity with two out of eight Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines established from normal adult donors. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that antigens of similar size with a molecular weight of 50,000-60,000 can be precipitated with anti-Tac antibody from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal T cell blasts and normal activated B cells, as well as a cloned B cell line. Binding assays of IL-2 on normal activated B cells and on the cloned B cell (HS1) revealed that B cells have significantly fewer sites and lower-affinity IL-2 receptors compared with phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal T cell blasts. Finally, biological properties of the IL-2 receptor on B cells were examined by incubating B cells with recombinant IL-2. It was found that moderate concentrations of IL-2 induce significant enhancement of proliferation and differentiation in SAC-activated normal B cells. These results suggest that normal B cells may express functional IL-2 receptors or closely related proteins and thus IL-2 may play a significant role in the modulation of B cell function.
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PMID:Interleukin 2 receptors on human B cells. Implications for the role of interleukin 2 in human B cell function. 298 52

IL-1 alpha cDNA clone was isolated from a T cell line infected by the human T lymphotropic retrovirus type-I (HTLV-I/ATLV). We found significant amounts of mRNA hybridizing to IL-1 alpha cDNA not only in HTLV-I-transformed T cells but also in Epstein-Barr Virus-transformed B cells. A part of IL-2 receptor inducing activity in Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cell line seems to be due to IL-1 alpha.
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PMID:Interleukin 1 alpha mRNA in virus-transformed T and B cells. 302 Nov 30

The 130-base pair fragment located between 220 and 90 base pairs upstream of the major transcription initiation site of the human interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor gene had positive regulatory effect on the early promoter of simian virus 40 as well as its own promoter. This fragment seems to be responsible for not only cell-specific but also lymphokine-induced expression of the IL-2 receptor gene as assessed by DNA transfection. The same DNA fragment directed cell-specific transcription of the IL-2 receptor gene in extract of HTLV-I-infected T cells, MT-1, but not of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells, CESS. The addition of small amounts of MT-1 extract to CESS extract resulted in specific expression of the IL-2 receptor gene, indicating that cell-specific expression is regulated by trans-acting molecules in MT-1 extract.
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PMID:The human IL-2 receptor gene contains a positive regulatory element that functions in cultured cells and cell-free extracts. 303 Oct 40

A B cell line derived from a human nodular lymphocytic lymphoma (Brill-Symmers) was shown to be dependent on the presence of a low molecular weight B cell growth factor (BCGF) for its growth in vitro. The caryotype was normal and no contamination with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) could be detected. These cells did not respond to recombinant gamma interferon or to recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL-2), although they displayed a weak density of IL-2 receptor sites. They were both responsive to and dependent on BCGF for their multiplication in vitro. Furthermore, the putative receptor for this growth factor (CD23) was detected on these cells and the BCGF-dependent proliferation could be blocked by a monoclonal anti-CD23 antibody. A tumour-derived cell line like this provides an interesting model for studying the mechanisms regulating B cell growth and the early events leading to the process of B cell immortalization.
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PMID:A B cell growth factor-dependent cell line derived from a human lymphocytic nodular lymphoma. 311 29

The synthesis and intracellular sorting of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor were studied with a line of mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with a reversible defect in protein O glycosylation. Under normal culture conditions the mutant ldlD cannot add N-acetylgalactosamine (Ga1NAc) to proteins. Ga1NAc is the first sugar of mucin-type O-linked oligosaccharides attached to protein. This O-glycosylation defect is rapidly corrected when Ga1NAc is added to the culture mediu. An expression vector for the p55 human IL-2 receptor was transfected into wild-type CHO and ldlD cells and the structure, stability, and cell surface expression of the receptor were examined by immunoprecipitation and antibody-binding assays. Essentially all of the mature form of the normally glycosylated IL-2 receptor in both wild-type CHO cells and ldlD cells incubated with Ga1NAc was expressed on the cell surface. The stability of O-linked carbohydrate-deficient (Od) IL-2 receptors (in ldlD cells without Ga1NAc) was normal; however, missorting of the Od receptors resulted in very little cell surface expression. The sialidase sensitivity and endoglycosidase H resistance of mature Od IL-2 receptors suggest that Od receptor missorting occurred in or beyond the trans Golgi apparatus. The abnormal sorting of the Od IL-2 receptor is compared with the O-glycosylation dependence of the surface expression and stability of the low-density lipoprotein receptor, decay-accelerating factor, and the major antigen envelope protein of Epstein-Barr virus.
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PMID:Abnormal intracellular sorting of O-linked carbohydrate-deficient interleukin-2 receptors. 326 79

The effect of cyclosporine and metabolite 17 (M17) as well as other CsA-related compounds (CsG, dihydro-CsC, dihydro-CsD, CsH, B5.49, and H7.94) was tested on T lymphocyte clone proliferation. In these experiments, antigen and interleukin 2 (IL-2) dependent long-term T lymphocyte clones derived from a rejected human kidney graft infiltrate were used. They were specifically committed (proliferation and cytotoxicity) for the donor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cells. CsA strongly inhibited clone T cell proliferation induced by the antigen. Inhibition of antigen-driven proliferation was reversed by pure recombinant IL-2 (rec-IL-2) only when low amounts of CsA (less than 25 ng/ml) were used, whereas this lymphokine was ineffective at higher but still pharmacological CsA concentrations (50-500 ng/ml). Increasing rec-IL-2 concentrations did not modify this finding. In addition, CsA, did not inhibit the growth signal(s) induced by rec-IL-2/IL-2 receptor interactions when R-IL-2 is pre-expressed on clone cells. M17 was far less effective in inhibiting antigen-induced clone cell proliferation (50% inhibition at 16 ng/ml versus 500 ng/ml with, respectively, CsA and M17) but was nevertheless inhibitory. This observation, if extended to other metabolites, could be important for interpretation of the relevance of "CsA" concentration through radio-immunoassay monitoring of recipients' blood. Although CsA appeared to display the major inhibitory effect, dihydro-CsC and CsG, as well as B5.49 and H7.94 CsA-related compounds, also exhibited strong activity. Dihydro-CsD was less inhibitory, and CsH had no effect.
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PMID:Effect of cyclosporine, cyclosporine metabolite 17, and other cyclosporine-related compounds on T lymphocyte clones derived from rejected human kidney grafts. I. Inhibition of proliferation. 332 90

A monoclonal antibody, AT-1, is shown to precipitate a p60-65 molecule identical to the Tac antigen. With AT-1, the expression of IL-2 receptors by normal activated human B cells from peripheral blood and tonsils is documented by biosynthetic and immunofluorescence studies. AT-1 precipitated a p60-65 protein from [35S]methionine-labeled activated B cells, similar to that from activated T cells. The interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor appeared shortly after activation with anti-IgM and B cell-stimulatory factor(s). Its expression reached its peak at 60-72 h with approximately 50% of the B blasts stained by AT-1. Other modes of activation of B cells, by T cell-independent, formalin-treated staphylococci and Epstein-Barr virus, and by T cell-dependent pokeweed mitogen, also induced IL-2 receptor expression. The functional significance of this finding was investigated using recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2). While rIL-2 did not induce resting B cells to proliferate in the presence of anti-IgM, it induced activated B cells to proliferate in the absence of other factors. On the other hand, rIL-2 did not induce the differentiation of these activated B lymphocytes. These data suggest that IL-2 may play a significant role in B cell activation.
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PMID:Detection and functional studies of p60-65 (Tac antigen) on activated human B cells. 609 12

T cells from the peripheral blood of a T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) patient, cultured in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), were found to express the p19 structural core protein of the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) and to release type C virus particles. Comparison of the T-CLL cell line with the original leukemic T cells revealed that both the fresh and the proliferating T-CLL cells were pleomorphic cells that showed a convoluted nucleus and formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E-rosettes). They were reactive with the monoclonal antibodies OKT1, OKT4 and OKT11, but not with OKT3, OKT6 or OKT8, indicating that they were mature T cells but that they differed from normal T cells in their lack of reactivity with OKT3. In addition they did not bind peanut agglutinin or OKM-1, and were negative for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen, surface immunoglobulin, non-specific esterase activity of Fc- or complement receptors. Part of the fresh T-CLL cells reacted with a monoclonal antibody recognizing HLA-DR antigens (p29, 34) (36%) and with anti-Tac (62%), a monoclonal antibody directed at the IL-2 receptor, indicating that the T-CLL cells were partially activated already in vivo. After culture in vitro all proliferating T-CLL cells expressed HLA-DR and Tac antigens. The fresh T-CLL cells were found to be defective in cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) generated in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC). In addition they failed to exhibit natural killer (NK) cell activity against targets that are usually very susceptible to lysis, such as K562, but were able to kill two tumor-derived cell lines, the melanoma NKI-4 and the neuroblastoma CHP-100. The same pattern of selective killing was observed using the proliferating T-CLL cells as effectors, or cloned T-CLL cultures obtained from them by limiting dilution procedures. Therefore, it was concluded that the T-CLL cells represented a clonal expansion of neoplastic T cells that retained their phenotype and cytotoxic properties after culture in vitro.
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PMID:Phenotypic and functional characterization of HTLV positive neoplastic T cells cultured with interleukin-2--I. Retention of morphology, phenotype and selective cytotoxic properties in long term culture. 632 59

One mechanism proposed to play a role in T-cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is apoptosis (activation-induced cell death). We assessed whether apoptosis is related to activation of T cells in vivo and its possible triggers. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) taken from 16 vertically HIV-infected children and 9 HIV-negative children born to HIV-positive mothers (controls) and tested by agarose gel electrophoresis for the presence of DNA fragments specific for apoptosis. Signs of apoptosis were found on in vitro culture of PBMC from 12 of 16 HIV-infected children, but not in PBMC from the nine controls. Eleven of the 12 HIV-infected children with apoptosis showed an elevated (> 15%) proportion of CD3+/HLA-DR+ cells. This was due to an increased proportion of CD8+/HLA-DR+ cells, as shown in 7 of 7 further tested patients. In none of the probands an increased (> 5%) proportion of IL-2 receptor expressing CD3+ cells was found. T cells undergoing apoptosis were preferentially of the CD8+ phenotype. Expansion of circulating CD8+/interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R)-/HLA-DR+ T cells is known to occur during active infection with herpes viruses. To investigate the possible role of herpes viral coinfections for apoptosis in HIV infection, we focused on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as an example for a herpes virus usually acquired during childhood. In 10 of 12 patients with apoptosis, we found increased levels of EBV genome in PBMC and/or tissues, indicating active EBV replication. By contrast, no increased burden of EBV was found in the four HIV-infected patients without apoptosis or in the controls. Our data indicate that in children the occurrence of apoptosis in HIV infection is closely related to activation of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, primoinfection with or reactivation of herpes viruses, such as EBV, may substantially contribute to such T-cell activation and the ensuing apoptosis. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the contribution of herpes virus-triggered apoptosis to the T-cell loss leading to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:T-cell death by apoptosis in vertically human immunodeficiency virus-infected children coincides with expansion of CD8+/interleukin-2 receptor-/HLA-DR+ T cells: sign of a possible role for herpes viruses as cofactors? 763 48

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) is characterized by absent or profoundly reduced numbers of T cells and normal numbers of B cells in the circulation. Affected patients have mutations of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma chain gene. Using Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs) established from two unrelated XSCID patients, we could show that neither expressed the IL-2 receptor gamma chain on the cell surface. A novel cytokine IL-15, which has biologic activities similar to those of IL-2, could bind to the XSCID B-LCLs in the absence of the gamma chain, although both the beta and gamma chains of the human IL-2 receptor were previously shown to be required for IL-15 binding by transfected COS cells. Furthermore, a significant reduction and delay of IL-15 internalization by B lymphoblasts from XSCID patients was observed when compared with that of normal control B-LCLs. These results show the existence of a novel IL-15-specific receptor component that contributes to IL-15 binding but is insufficient for IL-15 internalization in the absence of the IL-2 receptor gamma chain.
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PMID:Characterization of B-cell lines established from two X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency patients: interleukin-15 binds to the B cells but is not internalized efficiently. 763 50


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