Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To obtain predictors of organ failure (OF), we studied markers of systemic inflammation [circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble E-selectin and C-reactive protein, and neutrophil and monocyte CD11b expression] and routine blood cell counts in 20 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and positive blood culture. Eight patients with shock due to community-acquired infection developed OF, whereas 11 normotensive patients and one patient with shock did not (NOF group). The first blood sample was collected within 48 h after taking the blood culture (T1). OF patients, as compared with NOF patients, had at T1 a lower monocyte count, a lower platelet count, higher levels of CD11b expression on both neutrophils and monocytes, and higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and sIL-2R. C-reactive protein and soluble E-selectin concentrations did not differ between groups. No parameter alone identified all patients that subsequently developed OF. However, a sepsis-related inflammation severity score (SISS), developed on the basis of the presence or absence of shock and on the levels of markers at T1, identified each patient that developed OF. The maximum SISS value was 7. The range of SISS values in OF patients was 2-5, and that in NOF patients was 0-1. In conclusion, high levels of CD11b expression, depressed platelet and monocyte counts, and high concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and sIL-2R predict OF in patients with community-acquired septic shock, and the combination of these markers may provide the means to identify sepsis patients who will develop OF.
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PMID:Markers of systemic inflammation predicting organ failure in community-acquired septic shock. 1054 3

Sensitive parameters of inflammation are rare in neutropenic cancer patients. In this study, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, the soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and the soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor II (sTNFRII) were evaluated for their diagnostic relevance in febrile episodes of cancer patients. Plasma or serum levels of these parameters were determined in neutropenic children with febrile episodes (n = 122) classified according to both the kind of infection [60 cases of fever of unknown origin (FUO), 28 cases of localized infection, 13 cases of pneumonia, 20 cases of bacteraemia, one case of fungaemia] and the World Health Organization (WHO) score of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. At baseline and during the febrile episodes, the highest levels of all parameters were observed in cases of gram-negative bacteraemia. However, in FUO and localized infections, low or only slightly elevated median levels of all parameters were documented. The degree of chemotherapy-induced mucositis did not influence the value of any parameter. In comparison with the other inflammatory parameters, PCT (optimum cut-off level 0.5 microg/l) was a more sensitive and more specific parameter in the diagnosis of high-risk (gram-negative bacteraemia) and low-risk (FUO) episodes, as well as in the sequential assessment of all febrile neutropenic episodes.
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PMID:Procalcitonin in paediatric cancer patients: its diagnostic relevance is superior to that of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, soluble interleukin 2 receptor and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor II. 1152 76

To determine the acute immunologic reaction, mediated by cytokines, interleukines (ILs) and growth factors and the susceptibility to infections and sepsis after severe burn injury a prospective, single unit, longitudinal study of acute phase reactants and mediators who performed. After approval by the ethics committee of our hospital, we investigated the plasma concentrations of IL-2, -6, -8, -10, and -13, the soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), and the acute phase proteins procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) at admission and every 3 days in 24 patients over a time course of 28 days after thermal injury and categorized by percent burn: < or =30% (group 1; n=12) and >30% (group 2; n=12). Shortly after burn injury we found higher concentrations of IL-2, -6, -10 and PCT in those patients >30% TBSA. During the study period, we found significant higher levels of acute phase proteins, IL-6 and -8 in patients >30% TBSA. The incidence of SIRS and MODS was three times increased in patients >30% TBSA. Our results show different patterns of cytokines and acute phase proteins in patients with different burned surface areas over a long time and continuous monitoring of a more distinct inflammatory response in these patients.
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PMID:Alterations of acute phase reaction and cytokine production in patients following severe burn injury. 1222 Sep 10

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the presence of an infectious focus or of fever alone can predict bloodstream infection and whether levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) improve the diagnosis of community-acquired bloodstream infection. Markers of systemic inflammation were studied in 92 patients with community-acquired infection. On admission to hospital, 54 patients had an infectious focus, 25 had fever without an infectious focus, and 13 had neither. The presence of focus or fever predicted bloodstream infection (n=13 patients) with a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 75-100), a specificity of 16% (95%CI, 9-26), a negative predictive value of 100% (95%CI, 75-100), and a positive predictive value of 16% (95%CI, 9-26). Positive predictive values of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, IL-6, IL-8, and sIL-2R, all measured on admission, were also low (33-44%). Eight febrile patients in whom an infectious focus was found during a 3-day follow-up period had higher on-admission IL-6 (P=0.005) and sIL-2R (P=0.046) levels than did 17 febrile patients without an infectious focus. In conclusion, markers of systemic inflammation do not improve the diagnosis of community-acquired bloodstream infection; however, they may aid in identifying patients with fever due to occult infection.
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PMID:Laboratory markers of systemic inflammation as predictors of bloodstream infection in acutely ill patients admitted to hospital in medical emergency. 1530 68

Plasma concentrations of 8 proteins, including cytokines: interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), receptors: soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), p55 soluble TNF receptor (p55 sTNF-R) and acute phase proteins: alpha-2 macroglobulin (alpha-2 MG), C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined in 33 patients with drug-induced urticaria. The activity of selected proteins was measured using the immunoenzymatic ELISA method: a) in the acute stage of disease before treatment was administered, and b) after clearing of skin lesions, after treatment. In the acute stage of disease elevated concentrations of the examined proteins (p<0.001) in comparison to the control were found. After clearing of clinical symptoms the concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, p55TNF-R and alpha-2 MG were not significantly different from the control values. But despite deep decrease, slL-2R, IL-10, TNF-alpha and CRP levels were still significantly elevated (p<0.001) when compared to the control. Results of this study indicate complex character of pathogenic phenomena in drug-induced urticaria in which elevated activity of mediators acting as promotors and modulators of cellular immune response can be found.
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PMID:Drug-induced urticaria--activity of selected cytokines and acute phase proteins in plasma. 1531 56

Plasma concentrations of 8 proteins, including cytokines: interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), receptors: soluble IL-2 receptor (slL-2R), p55 soluble TNF receptor (p55 sTNF-R) and acute phase proteins: alpha-2 macroglobulin (alpha-2 MG), C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined in 14 patients with drug-induced hyperergic vasculitis. The activity of selected proteins were measured using the immunoenzymatic ELISA method: a) in the acute stage of disease before treatment was administered, and b) after clearing of skin lesions, after treatment. In the acute stage of disease highly elevated concentrations of the examined proteins (p<0.001) in comparison to the control were found. After clearing of clinical symptoms the concentrations of IL-6 and alpha-2 MG were not significantly different from the control values. But despite deep decrease, plasma levels of remaining six proteins were still highly significant (p<0.001) or significant (p<0.01) when compared to the control. Results of this study indicate that in the course of drug-induced hyperergic vasculitis the systemic inflammatory and immune response is activated and elevated concentrations of the examined proteins are present in peripheral blood despite clearing of the clinical symptoms of the disease.
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PMID:Drug-induced hyperergic vasculitis--activity of selected cytokines and acute phase proteins in plasma. 1531 57

The present report is a case control study aimed to determine the levels of cytokines and other parameters in the sera of allergy-complicated and uncomplicated giardiasic children before and after metronidazole treatment. The study included a total of 126 subjects; 52 giardiasic children, 34 allergy-complicated giardiasis (36.9%) and 34 healthy controls, as well as six cases of giardiasis simultaneously infected with other parasites or bacterial pathogens. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-6, IL-8, nitric oxide (NO), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. TNF-alpha and sIL-2R levels significantly increased in giardiasic cases. IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, CRP, and NO levels increased only in the cases associated with allergy. All increased variables significantly decreased following metronidazole treatment and returned to normal levels. Metronidazole-treated patients became 100% parasite free. In conclusion, increased TNF-alpha and sIL-2R may be involved in pathogenesis of non-allergic giardiasis and probably Th1 type immune response seems to be predominant and this response may be protective rather than causative of the disease. Activation of the immune system takes place in giardiasis. It is broader and more intense in allergy-complicated giardiasis than that of uncomplicated cases, most probably due to non-invasive character of G. lamblia. Enhanced IgE production pointed to Th2-type immune response and confirms its association with allergy.
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PMID:Serum cytokine changes in Turkish children infected with Giardia lamblia with and without allergy: Effect of metronidazole treatment. 1597 46

(n-3) PUFA influence immune function in adults and may also affect immune maturation during development. This randomized trial is, to our knowledge, the first to investigate whether fish oil supplementation in late infancy modifies immune responses. The study was a 2 x 2 intervention in 64 healthy Danish infants, who received cow's milk or infant formula alone or with fish oil (FO) (3.4 +/- 1.1 mL/d) from 9 to 12 mo of age. Before and after the intervention, fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes, plasma IgE, C-reactive protein, and soluble IL-2 receptor concentrations were measured. TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, and IL-10 concentrations in whole-blood cultures, stimulated for 22 h with LPS+phytohemaglutinin (PHA) or Lactobacillus paracasei, were also determined. IgA was measured in feces when infants were 10 mo of age. FO supplementation effectively raised erythrocyte (n-3) PUFA (P < 0.001), increased L. paracasei-induced INF-gamma (P = 0.05) and tended to reduce LPS+PHA-induced IL-10 (P = 0.08). The FO intervention did not affect any of the other analyzed immune variables. The erythrocyte content of eicosapentanoic acid was negatively associated with LPS+PHA-induced IL-10 (r = -0.38, P = 0.02). Feeding milk rather than formula did not affect cytokine production, but plasma soluble IL-2 receptor concentration was greater in the formula group than in the cow's milk group (P = 0.03). Since the capacity to produce INF-gamma has been proposed as a maturation marker for the immune system in early life, this study suggests a faster immune maturation with FO supplementation with no apparent reduction in immune activation. The implications for later health need further investigation.
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PMID:Fish oil supplementation modulates immune function in healthy infants. 1737 72

It has been reported that aggressive immunosuppressive treatment is effective for controlling the disease activity of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, little information on a regimen including tacrolimus (TL) for the treatment of refractory SLE has been available. We report a successful low dose TL treatment of a 25-year-old male patient with refractory SLE. He developed SLE with proliferative lupus nephritis(WHO class IVb) at the age of 11 years. During the past 4 years, despite aggressive immunosuppressive treatment consisting of methylprednisolone pulse therapy, mizoribine pulse therapy, cyclosporine A and intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy, frequent flares associated with presumptive hypercytokinemia i.e., increased levels in the serum C-reactive protein, ferritin and soluble IL-2 receptor, occurred. Hence, administration of low-dose TL at 3 mg per day, was initiated. The blood levels of TL at approximately 12 hours post-dosing were maintained at between 3 and 5 ng/mL. Within 3 weeks following TL administration, the serum levels of C3, C4 and CH50 began to increase rapidly, and the prednisolone dose could be successfully tapered. No adverse effects of TL were observed. We suggest that TL may be the treatment of choice for selected patients with refractory SLE.
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PMID:[Effective treatment of a refractory case of systemic lupus erythematosus with low-dose tacrolimus]. 1818 31

We report a 62-year-old woman with intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) which presented as subacute encephalopathy. She was admitted to our hospital because of loss of consciousness in the middle of February, 2006. Laboratory tests indicated elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and cerebrospinal fluid protein. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed multiple infarct-like lesions mainly in the white matter. After admission, her consciousness was soon improved, but the inflammatory response did not disappear with any antibiotics or virucides. Her consciousness was not exacerbated, and she was discharged in the middle of March, although the reason for loss of consciousness remained unknown. After discharge she developed an abnormal behavior and mental deterioration, and therefore she was readmitted late in March. On second admission, her consciousness was drowsy. Neurological examinations revealed conjugate deviation of her eyes to the left, left hemiparesis, and generalized hyporeflexia. Laboratory tests showed more elevated CRP than that of the last time, and raised soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R). The repeated MRI of the brain disclosed that initial lesions of the white matter progressively enlarged and increased in number. To make an appropriate diagnosis of the lesions on the brain MRI, the open brain biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination showed that many small vessels were occluded by lymphoma cells (B-lymphocytes) with hemorrhage, and IVL was diagnosed. She was treated with regimens of combined chemotherapy with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone). After chemotherapy her consciousness and left hemiparesis were gradually improved and the levels of CRP were normalized. The infarcts-like lesions detected on the brain MRI became reduced and decreased. IVL is a rare disease, and the prognosis is generally poor, with a rapidly fatal outcome, leading to a postmortem diagnosis. In the present report, we successfully treated the patient by rituximab in addition to standard CHOP therapy. Rituximab may play an important role in the treatment of IVL.
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PMID:[Intravascular lymphomatosis manifesting clinically as subacute encephalopathy]. 1854 Mar 79


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