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Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytopathic effects of HIV-1 produced by direct infection of human T cells do not account for the disproportionate loss of CD4-positive lymphocytes during the course of HIV infection. Previous studies have demonstrated the inhibition of uninfected human T cell activation and proliferation by the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, presumably due to gp120-CD4 interactions. To examine the ability of HIV-1 to inhibit T cell proliferation in the absence of both direct infection and gp120-CD4 interactions, we tested the effect of HIV-1 on mouse T cell proliferation. Culture media containing HIV-1 released from infected cells inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation in response to interleukin-2 (IL-2). Studies to explore the mechanism of this inhibition suggested that the decrease in proliferation resulted from interactions between HIV-1 and the mouse cells, but did not involve IL-2/IL-2 receptor interactions. We used monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate that the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins were required for the inhibition of murine T cell proliferation. Anti-gp120 antibodies completely restored proliferation, indicating that the surface protein gp120 was primarily required for the inhibition of proliferation. However, antibodies directed against the transmembrane protein of HIV-1 (gp41) also partially restored lymphocyte proliferation. The functional significance of the HIV-1 envelope protein epitopes recognized by the monoclonal antibodies is discussed.
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PMID:CD4-independent inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation mediated by HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. 128 Mar 85

HIV infection is associated with immunosuppression leading to susceptibility to opportunistic infections and tumors. HIV proteins can be immunosuppressive with substantial activity residing within the gp41 portion of HIV envelope glycoprotein gp160. In this report, immunosuppressive properties of a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid sequence 584-609 of HIV-1 transmembrane protein gp41 were investigated. The peptide was found to inhibit proliferative responses of normal human lymphocytes to mitogens and recall antigen. Stimulations by IL-2 and by anti-CD3 were also inhibited, indicating that the effect occurred in a pathway of response shared by CD3 and by IL-2 receptor recognition systems. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells were suppressed, indicating that the suppression did not require interactions with CD4 molecules. Consistently, the peptide was suppressive in the presence of HIV-infected patients' sera containing specific antibodies to the peptide, suggesting that the active portion was probably not an immunogenic configuration. These in vitro results emphasize the likelihood that HIV gp41 contributes to the in vivo immunosuppression and immune dysfunction of HIV-infected persons.
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PMID:Characterization of immune suppression by a synthetic HIV gp41 peptide. 769 34

We have investigated several aspects of gamma delta T cells in sheep. gamma delta T cells of sheep express a unique transmembrane protein termed T19 but lack the expression of particular cell-surface molecules such as CD2, CD4 and CD8 which are typically associated with alpha beta T cells. The majority of gamma delta T cells isolated from animals of all ages examined lacked the expression of CD45RA. A faster rate of activation by gamma delta T cells compared to either CD4 or CD8 T cells was seen in the time-course of IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25) cell-surface expression. All gamma delta T cells expressed the CD25 protein within 8 hr of activation whereas the majority of CD4 or CD8 T cells did not express CD25 until 24 hr post-concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. This difference in the rate of expression of activation molecules was not restricted to CD25, as a similar trend was seen with cell-surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. We have used the distinct phenotypic profile of ovine gamma delta T cells to purify these cells by positive selection via the T19 molecule to assess their in vitro proliferative response to various antigens. Routinely, cell populations comprising more than 93% gamma delta T cells with yields of approximately 55% were obtained. Purified gamma delta T cells were capable of responding to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen in a primary and secondary in vitro proliferation assay and to ovalbumin in a secondary response. Ovine gamma delta T cells showed little, if any, proliferative response to allogeneic stimulator cells.
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PMID:Antigen recognition and activation of ovine gamma delta T cells. 792 94

Several motifs are conserved in the extracellular domain of the cloned chains of the recently described cytokine receptor superfamily. One of them, usually close to the transmembrane region, is the 'WS motif'. Its function remains unknown, but it has been recently shown that the integrity of this motif is essential for interleukin 2 receptor beta-chain and erythropoietin receptor activity [Miyazaki, T., Maruyama, M., Yamada, G., Hatakeyama, M. & Taniguchi, T. (1991). EMBO J., 10, 3191-3197; Watowich, S.S., Yoshimura, A., Longmore, G.D., Hilton, D.J., Hoshimura, Y. & Lodish, H.R. (1992). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 2140-2144]. This WS motif is present in the v-mpl oncogene, which has been transduced in the myeloproliferative leukemia virus (MPLV). v-mpl encodes a truncated transmembrane protein that belongs to this growth factor receptor family. We demonstrate that determinants of MPLV pathogenesis are encoded by the env-mpl fusion gene and that the complete deletion of the WS motif does not abolish MPLV oncogenic properties.
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PMID:The 'WS motif' common to v-mpl and members of the cytokine receptor superfamily is dispensable for myeloproliferative leukemia virus pathogenicity. 838 60