Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HIV infection induces both immune deficiency and immune stimulation. Central to the pathology of HIV infection is reduction in the numbers and function of CD4 T cells. Impaired functions include decreased proliferation, IL-2 receptor expression and production of lymphokines (IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN]. HIV infection stimulates B cells and CD8 T cells. This is seen relatively soon after HIV infection. Increased activation and immaturity are seen in both these cell groups. In vitro studies confirm HIV stimulation of these cells. Studies have been conducted on patients with AIDS and opportunistic infection (OI) or Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), with AIDS-related complex (ARC) or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), as well as on asymptomatic HIV-seropositive and -seronegative homosexually active men. The latter group has been followed at 6-month intervals for the past 2-3 years. Those who seroconverted (became HIV-infected) were studied to investigate early changes following HIV infection. To delineate the immunopathology of infection with HIV, serial testing of seropositive individuals was carried out to determine the rate of CD4-T-cell reduction. Lowered CD4-T-cell number and percentage and CD4/CD8 ratio correlate with the occurrence of AIDS and with survival after AIDS-KS diagnosis. Seropositive individuals, however, differed markedly in the rate of CD4-T-cell reduction; in some, no reduction in CD4 cells occurred over a two-year period of observation. We propose that, in individuals in which CD4 levels have reached a plateau, effective host resistance to further CD4 cytoreduction has occurred.
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PMID:Immune pathogenesis of AIDS and related syndromes. 295 95

In order to investigate the nature of the T cell defect associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) we studied the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), 2 with opportunistic infection (OI), 23 with AIDS-related symptoms complex (ARC) without KS or OI (ARC), and 29 heterosexual controls to produce interleukin II (IL-2) on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation and to respond to exogenously supplied IL-2. Patients with AIDS as well as those with ARC produced adequate levels of IL-2 in response to lectin stimulation when compared to controls (AIDS, 3.07 +/- 1.98 units; ARC, 3.03 +/- 1.89 units; controls, 3.75 +/- 1.52 units). However, the ability of these patients' cells to respond in vitro to exogenously supplied IL-2 as measured on short-term PHA-stimulated T cell blasts, was found to be severely impaired in patients with AIDS and ARC (AIDS, 22.4 +/- 6.0 X 10(-3) cpm; ARC, 20.1 +/- 4.2 X 10(-3) cpm; control, 41.4 +/- 4.2 X 10(-3) cpm). This impairment was associated with diminished expression of the IL-2 receptor on 7-day-old lectin-stimulated T cells from both patient groups (AIDS, 17.7 +/- 5.7; ARC, 36.8 +/- 4.4; control 71.8 +/- 1.7). These results should be considered when IL-2 is proposed as potential therapy in the treatment of AIDS. They also suggest that the nature of the AIDS defect is related to impaired hormone receptor expression.
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PMID:IL-2 production and response in vitro by the leukocytes of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 298 24

SDZ RAD (everolimus, Certican is a novel macrolide immunosuppressant that blocks growth factor-driven transduction signals in the T-cell response to alloantigen. After stimulation of the IL-2 receptor on the activated T-cell, SDZ RAD inhibits p70S6 kinase, acting at a later stage in the T-cell mediated response than do cyclosporine and other calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). Unlike the CNIs, SDZ RAD is a proliferation signal inhibitor, blocking growth factor-driven proliferation of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. These activities are complementary to those of cyclosporine and provide a rationale for the addition of SDZ RAD to cyclosporine-based immunosuppression, with the potential for minimizing CNI nephrotoxicity, reducing the incidence of acute rejection, and favoring long-term graft survival. Potential also exists for beneficial effects on other factors that may influence the development of chronic rejection. These factors include comorbid diseases such as hypertension, which may affect transplant vasculopathy, and opportunistic infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other viruses, which may increase the risk of chronic rejection. The synergistic effect of SDZ RAD and cyclosporine has been confirmed in preclinical models, with graft survival being significantly prolonged in rat models of kidney and heart allotransplantation. Clinical experience with SDZ RAD in cyclosporine-based immunosuppression, including low-dose cyclosporine regimens, has also resulted in predictable and favorable clinical outcomes. Low rates of acute rejection, excellent rates of patient and graft survival, lower incidence of CMV infections, better cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine profiles, and better renal function have been demonstrated with SDZ RAD and lower doses of cyclosporine (Neoral; Novartis) in recipients of renal transplants. These findings, combined with good tolerability rates and an acceptable side-effect profile, indicate that the synergistic profile of SDZ RAD in combination with nontoxic dosages of CNI's and IL2 inhibitors will further improve longterm results in renal transplantation.
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PMID:Early clinical experience with a novel rapamycin derivative. 1180 23