Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measles virus (MV) inhibits lymphocyte function in patients, as well as in cells infected in vitro. The proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T lymphocytes is suppressed by in vitro MV infection, as shown by the diminished incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and the reduced frequency of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, as compared with mock-infected cells. MV infection itself, however, does not completely block DNA synthesis in infected cells, because infected T cells expressing MV antigens on the cell surface, isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter, could still proliferate. Northern blot analysis indicated that the expression of genes induced during T cell activation, such as those encoding interleukin 2 (IL-2), c-myc, IL-2 receptor, IL-6, c-myb, and cdc-2, was not significantly suppressed in MV-infected cells, suggesting that MV does not interfere with the T cell activation process. When anti-MV serum or carbobenzoxy-D-Phe-L-Phe-Gly, a synthetic oligopeptide known to inhibit MV-induced fusion, was added 24 hr after infection, the inhibition of T cell proliferation was reversed in a dose-dependent manner. From these results we propose a model for the inhibition of T cell proliferation by MV; MV glycoproteins expressed on the cell surface of infected cells interact with the MV receptor or other molecules on the cell membrane of adjacent T cells, which in turn affects the proliferation of those T cells.
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PMID:Measles virus inhibits mitogen-induced T cell proliferation but does not directly perturb the T cell activation process inside the cell. 173 30

In natural measles virus infection, evidence of intense immune system activation is present simultaneously with clinically relevant immune suppression. While evidence of activation is most prominent early in the disease, skin test responses and in vitro lymphoproliferation are depressed for weeks after the onset of the rash. It is not known whether the prolonged period of reduced immune responsiveness results from a single defect or a succession of different abnormalities. To gain further insight into measles-induced immune suppression we studied the production of soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from measles patients at various times after the onset of the rash. Studies included addition of supplemental recombinant IL-1 beta (rIL-1 beta) or recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) or suppression of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin (IM). Proliferation in response to phytohemagglutin (PHA) was abnormal at all stages of disease. During the acute phase (first week after the onset of the rash) spontaneous production of sIL-2R was increased (76 +/- 54 vs. controls 4 +/- 4; P less than 0.03), suggesting in vivo T cell activation while PHA-induced sIL-2R was decreased (228 +/- 43 vs. control 582 +/- 127; P less than 0.002), suggesting that the capacity to produce IL-2 in response to mitogen was limited. Supplementation of PHA-stimulated cultures with rIL-2 improved but did not normalize both proliferation (58,600 +/- 4900 to 70,700 +/- 4400 vs. control 97,700 +/- 15,500; P less than 0.03) and sIL-2R levels (114 +/- 58 to 309 +/- 87 vs. control 582 +/- 127; P less than 0.003). Both spontaneous (25 +/- 18 vs. control 237 +/- 92; P less than 0.002) and PHA-induced (20 +/- 20 vs. control 604 +/- 129; P less than 0.004) TNF alpha levels were subnormal and were not improved with rIL-2, rIL-1 beta, or IM, suggesting a block in monocyte TNF alpha production. Spontaneous and PHA-induced IFN-gamma and IL-1 beta levels were normal. During the convalescent phase (greater than 2 weeks after the onset of the rash), spontaneous levels of sIL-2R were normal and PHA-induced levels were completely normalized with supplemental rIL-2 but proliferation remained below normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cytokine production in vitro and the lymphoproliferative defect of natural measles virus infection. 191 59

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 25 patients with measles and 13 patients with other diseases from Lima, Peru, were studied by immunocytochemical staining for cell surface antigens indicating the type of cell (Leu 4, Leu 3, T8, B1, M1, or esterase) and the state of cell activation (T10 and IL-2 receptor). Measles patients were studied during the first 2 weeks of disease and had no alteration in the proportion of cells which were positive for any subset marker or in the ratio of helper/inducer to cytotoxic/suppressor T cells compared to controls. Measles patients, however, had a greater number of cells expressing the activation antigens T10 and IL-2 receptor than controls. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine was also higher in measles patients when exogenous natural or recombinant IL-2 was added to unstimulated cultured cells. We conclude that the peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of patients with measles have normal proportions of helper/inducer and cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and monocytes but that an increased number of these cells are in an activated state.
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PMID:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells during natural measles virus infection: cell surface phenotypes and evidence for activation. 308 68

Immunization with live measles virus vaccine produces transient depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test responses and mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation irrespective of the serostatus of the recipient of the vaccine. To investigate this immune suppression further we studied peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from adults before (N = 17) and at various times after (N = 34) immunization with measles virus vaccine. PHA-induced lymphoproliferation was decreased after vaccine and this was partly reversed by supplementation with rIL-2. There was no change in the proportion of PBMC that were CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, or B cells as analyzed by flow cytometry. Supernatant fluids were collected from PBMC after 72 hr in culture. Analysis for cytokines after vaccination showed spontaneous production of high levels of IL-4 (vaccinees 99 +/- 23; controls 5.6 +/- 5.6 ng/ml, P = 0.031) and TNF alpha (vaccinees 140 +/- 45; controls 42 +/- 14 pg/ml, P = 0.072) accompanied by low levels of IFN-gamma (vaccinees 1.3 +/- 0.6; controls 14.3 +/- 10.1 U/ml), IL-1 alpha (vaccinees 111 +/- 22; controls 442 +/- 107 pg/ml, P = 0.0001), and PGE2 (vaccinees 75 +/- 39; controls 300 +/- 72 pg/ml, P = 0.048). Increased amounts of IL-4 were also produced after stimulation with PHA (vaccinees 140 +/- 25; controls 40 +/- 40 ng/ml, P = 0.013) while levels of IFN-gamma and soluble IL-2 receptor were similar to controls and levels of IL-1 alpha (vaccinees 443 +/- 67; controls 792 +/- 118 pg/ml, P = 0.026) remained low. Addition of rIL-2 had little effect on these cytokine levels. These data suggest that Th2 cells producing IL-4 are preferentially activated by measures vaccine and may contribute to the immunologic abnormalities associated with immunization for measles and possibly other viral infections.
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PMID:Changes in cytokine production after measles virus vaccination: predominant production of IL-4 suggests induction of a Th2 response. 851 92

In response to two types of measles virus (MV) antigens, a vaccine strain CAM and a wild strain isolated in 1994, the expression of IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25)(+)CD45RO(+)CD4(+) T-lymphocytes (T-cell activation) was analyzed by flow cytometry. In 75 healthy subjects with measles hemagglutination inhibition tests > or =1:16, the percentage of T-cell activation was significantly increased compared with that in seronegative individuals (p) < 0.05). Moreover, the T-cell expression was not significantly different among the vaccinated (n = 38), the naturally infected (n = 28) and the subclinically infected (exposed with wild type without history of measles infection and HI titers > or =1:16) (n = 10) groups. T-cell activation stimulated with MV antigens and HI antibody titers persisted for almost 30 years in the vaccinated group. These results suggest that cell-mediated immunity persists for long periods after vaccination and does not be influenced by antigenic drift.
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PMID:Expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor alpha and CD45RO antigen on T-lymphocytes cultured with measles virus antigens, compared with humoral immunity in measles vaccinees. 1019 72

Cytokines play an important role in the immune response to live measles virus immunization. To gain further insight into the cytokine production profile in response to measles vaccination, we studied interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and plasma. We enrolled 57 healthy infants and children residing in an area where no measles virus circulated in their lifetimes. Overall analysis of cytokines in supernatants from PBMC showed that a predominant Th1 cytokine pattern occurs after the second dose of measles immunization. However, plasma levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, sIL-2R and TNF-alpha) were preferentially activated by measles virus after the first dose of measles vaccination. Median IFN-gamma plasma levels were 1.73 pg/ml for infants compared to 0.63 pg/ml for older children (P = 0.003). These data suggest that after the first and the second dose of measles virus immunization, there is a predominant Th1-type directed immune response, but the Th1 cytokine pattern seems to be stronger in previously unvaccinated children. There was no correlation between cytokine production by PBMC supernatants after PHA stimulation and circulating levels of plasma cytokines. No relationship was found between any specific cytokine level and measles antibody level.
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PMID:Cytokine production patterns and antibody response to measles vaccine. 1292 30

Myelopeptide-2 (MP-2; Leu-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp), originally isolated from the supernatant of porcine bone marrow cell culture, is able to restore the mitogen responsiveness of human T lymphocytes inhibited by conditioned medium from HL-60 leukemia cells or measles virus. This effect is based on the ability of MP-2 to recover the reduced interleukin (IL)-2 synthesis and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression in human T lymphocytes treated with these harmful agents. The involvement of other cytokines in MP-2 restoration of the reduced IL-2 synthesis in T lymphocytes is experimentally studied. It is shown that T helper (TH) 1 and TH2 cytokines are acting in close interaction, the character of which depends on the immune status of the T-lymphocyte donors. The data obtained allow one to suggest that the MP-2 involvement in regulatory processes is directed to the maintenance of immune homeostasis. This peptide is perspective to be applied in antitumor and antivirus therapy.
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PMID:Myelopeptide-2 recovers interleukin-2 synthesis and interleukin-2 receptor expression in human T lymphocytes depressed by tumor products or measles virus. 1669 73