Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 24-year-old man was admitted with fever and rhinostenosis. A bulky mass was observed in his left nasal cavity. A biopsy showed diffuse proliferation of large atypical lymphocytes, which were positive for CD45RO, CD56, MIB-1, and EBER. Bone marrow aspiration showed many histiocytes with active hemophagocytosis. A diagnosis of nasal NK cell lymphoma with hemophagocytic syndrome (clinical stage IVB) was made. Following CHOP regimen chemotherapy, the tumor transiently reduced in size, but the patient developed multiple organ failure possibly due to tumor lysis syndrome. His general condition was improved by intensive supporting therapy. Two weeks later, the tumor again got worse. Despite salvage chemotherapy with a P-IMVP16/CBDCA regimen, the patient died of multiple organ failure due to tumor lysis syndrome. Autopsy revealed diffuse necrosis and fibrosis without proliferation of lymphoma cells in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. During the clinical course, hypercytokinemia including soluble IL-2 receptor, interferon-gamma and IL-18 was observed. The poor prognosis of NK/T cell lymphoma might be associated with massive tissue damage with hypercytokinemia.
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PMID:[Nasal NK cell lymphoma with hemophagocytic syndrome developed tumor lysis syndrome after CHOP therapy]. 1250 84

Although radioimmunotherapy with radiolabeled intact monoclonal antibodies has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of lymphoma, it provides low tumor-to-normal-tissue radionuclide target ratios and unwanted prolonged radiation exposure to the bone marrow. To overcome these obstacles, the administration of the radionuclide was separated from that of the antibody by using an anti-IL-2 receptor alpha antibody single chain Fv-streptavidin fusion protein, followed by radiolabeled biotin to treat lymphoma or leukemia xenografted mice. This Pretarget approach provided extremely rapid and effective tumor targeting, permitting the use of short-lived alpha-emitting radionuclides. With the beta-emitter (90)Y, all of the 10 lymphoma-xenografted mice were cured. With the alpha-emitter (213)Bi, significant efficacy was obtained in treating leukemic mice, and, furthermore, when combined with immunotherapy, 7 of 10 leukemic mice were cured. Thus, Pretarget radioimmunotherapy is very promising and could represent the next generation in the treatment of lymphoma and leukemia.
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PMID:Pretarget radiotherapy with an anti-CD25 antibody-streptavidin fusion protein was effective in therapy of leukemia/lymphoma xenografts. 1256 72

In patients with ALPS, defective homeostasis of lymphocytes is reflected in abnormal accumulation of lymphocytes, leading to lymphadenopathy, (hepato)splenomegaly and hypersplenism, autoimmunity due to a failure to remove autoreactive lymphocytes, and inappropriate survival of lymphocytes associated with an increased occurrence of lymphoma. Several of the laboratory findings are unique for ALPS and reflect defective Fas-mediated apoptosis and abnormal immune regulation. Much has been learned about the molecular mechanisms that underlie defective Fas-mediated apoptosis and the complex relationship between genotype, phenotype and disease penetrance. Family studies strongly suggest the contribution of one or more additional factors to the pathogenesis of ALPS. This may pertain to defective immunoregulation by an altered IL-2/IL-2 receptor system, reflected in the specific loss of CD4+/CD25+ T cells, and/or by the highly increased IL-10 levels, but other factors may equally be involved. Treatment strategies remain mostly targeted at the disease manifestations, but more specific therapies directed at the primary pathogenic defects themselves might become possible in the future. Continued efforts directed at both careful clinical follow-up and basic scientific investigation are needed to increase our understanding of the incidence, natural history, and pathogenesis of ALPS. In return, this may prove of benefit for the understanding of autoimmune disease in general.
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PMID:Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). 1257 Aug 31

A 50-year-old man was admitted to another hospital with epigastralgia. Malignant lymphoma was suspected because the patient had increased levels of serum LDH and an abnormal Ga scintigraphy finding in his chest. When he was transferred to our hospital, he underwent a right inguinal lymphadenopathy. The laboratory data showed increased levels of serum LDH and soluble IL-2 receptor, but there was no appearance of peripheral abnormal lymphocytes. His chest MRI indicated tumors in the right atrium (4 cm x 4 cm) and in the head of his left humerus. Those tumors were enhanced by Gd-DTPA. There were no other lymphadenopathies. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies showed T-cell type lymphoma in the right inguinal lymph node. Furthermore, monoclonal rearrangement of HTLV-I proviral DNA was detected from the lymph node by Southern blot analysis. Taken together, we diagnosed the patient as having ATL (lymphoma type). His condition has improved well with systemic chemotherapy. We report a rare case of lymphoma type ATL with initial massive cardiac involvement, although ATL cells sometimes involve the heart at the end of the disease course.
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PMID:[ATL (lymphoma type) presented with a mass formation in the heart]. 1260 95

Previously we showed that ethanol (EtOH) consumption suppressed IL-2-induced cytolytic activity of murine splenic natural killer (NK) cells. Although IL-2 receptor signaling is involved in activation of NK cells, neither the mechanism for this activation nor the role of EtOH consumption in modulating activation is completely understood. In this study we show by electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA) that enriched splenic NK cells from EtOH-consuming C57BL/6 mice exhibit reduced NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding activity in response to IL-2 stimulation as compared to the water-drinking mice. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR analyses indicated that EtOH consumption inhibits the induction of perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B in response to IL-2. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) blocked NFkappaB and AP-1 binding activity in nuclear extracts of IL-2-stimulated NK cells in an EMSA and also inhibited the IL-2-induced expression of perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B gene expression in enriched NK cells. These inhibitors dramatically suppressed IL-2-stimulated NK cytolytic activity against YAC-1 lymphoma target cells. Taken together, these results suggest that NFkappaB and AP-1 are important regulators of NK cell cytolytic function through regulation of perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B gene expression. The findings further suggest that the decreased cytolytic activity of IL-2-stimulated NK cytolytic activity in EtOH-consuming mice is due at least in part to impaired transactivation of these and possibly other genes involved in control of NK-cell target lysis.
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PMID:Alcohol consumption decreases IL-2-induced NF-kappaB activity in enriched NK cells from C57BL/6 mice. 1270 Apr 14

A 54-year-old man with a past history of gastric malignant lymphoma treated by the total gastrectomy and the chemotherapy, developed bilateral sudden deafness one year later. Two years after the gastrectomy he became abruptly paraplegic with sensory impairments of the lower extremities and neurogenic bladder. Serum LDH and soluble IL-2 receptor were high in titers (552 U/l and 1,090 U/l, normal range 145-519). Although the imaging studies of the spinal cord were negative, the myelopathic symptoms resolved dramatically after a course of pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy. However, he soon developed an abnormal behavior and mental deterioration in 3 weeks. The MRIs of the brain revealed abnormal signals compatible with multiple cerebral infarctions. As intravascular malignant lymphomatosis (IML) was suspected because of the laboratory and MRI findings, biopsies of the skin, the bone marrow, the muscle and the lymph node were carried out, without evidence of lymphoma. The brain biopsy ultimately confirmed the presence of IML. The patient remarkably responded to biweekly CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) therapy in terms of regaining the mental alertness and improved hearing. However, the CHOP therapy was prematurely interrupted prior to completion because of infective arthritis. The relapse soon ensued, and he died 6 months after admission. This case was of interest because a solid gastric lymphoma appears to have transformed into the form of intravascular lymphomatosis without mass formations or leukemic changes. Although the neurological symptoms in association with IML are thought to be the results of ischemic events, this case illustrates a remarkable reversibility of the symptoms. This implies that the cerebral symptoms are not necessarily the results of typical ischemic infarction, but due to relative ischemia because of chiefly capillary-venous occlusion by lymphoma cells. The majority of the symptoms is thus attributable to the functional impairment. Therefore, the therapeutic intervention may dramatically improve the symptoms due to IML.
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PMID:[Dramatic but temporary improvements in a case of CNS intravascular malignant lymphomatosis]. 1282 May 43

We studied the role of IL-2, IL-15, IL-10, TNF and IL-2 receptor complexes (IL-2R) produced constitutively by a T-cell lymphoma line (LBC) on their own proliferation. The constitutive expression of surface alpha, beta and gamma chains IL-2R was detected in tumor cells by flow cytometry. Using reverse-transcription PCR, mRNA for IL-2, IL-15, IL-10 and TNF were found to be present in LBC. In addition, tumor cells were found to constitutively express intracellular IL-2, IL-15, IL-10 and TNF. Despite the production of these cytokines by tumor cells, specific neutralising antibodies did not inhibit LBC proliferation; surprisingly, anti-IL-15 increased LBC cell growth. We also demonstrated that recombinant IL-2 or IL-15 enhanced LBC cell proliferation. Our data suggest that endogenous IL-2 and IL-15 may trigger the proliferation of lymphoma LBC cells, and so their growth could be regulated, at least partly, by IL-2/IL-15/IL-2R system. In addition, IL-10 and TNF, immunosuppressor and pro-metastatic cytokines, respectively, may promote the in vivo growth of the tumor. The fact that leukaemia-lymphoma cells produce simultaneously both IL-2 and IL-15 should be taken into consideration in the design of immunotherapy protocols directed to IL-2R.
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PMID:IL-2, IL-10, IL-15 and TNF are key regulators of murine T-cell lymphoma growth. 1296 46

The fusion of a murine B cell and a myeloma cell generates a hybridoma that produces monoclonal antibody (mAb). These murine mAb induce the HAMA (human anti-mouse antibodies) response. Murine mAb have been modified by genetic engineering, producing molecules with a higher proportion of human protein. At present, chimeric, humanized and fully human mAb are available. mAb block interactions between target molecules and their ligands or trigger the lyses of mAb-coated tumor cells. Numerous mAb have been developed using the recombinant DNA technology and several are available in the market. Trastuzumab, against HER2/neu, is useful in breast cancer; rituximab, against CD20 in B lymphocytes is useful in lymphoma; alemtuzumah, against CD52 is used in lymphoma and leukemia; daclizumab and basiliximab block the IL-2 receptor interaction and reduce acute rejection in kidney transplantation; abciximab, an antagonist of GPIIb/IIIa platelet receptor, is used in patients undergoing acute coronary syndromes. In autoimmunity diseases, blocking tumor necrosis factor by infliximab and adalimumab has demonstrated excellent results. Thus, infliximab is useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis while adalimumab is the first fully human mAb available for RA. Infliximab and adalimumab reduce signs and symptoms in RA and they also interfere with progression of joint damage. Finally, the direct benefits of antagonist treatment can occur at the expense of a major adverse effect in some other biological function.
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PMID:[New immunological weapons for medicine in the 21st Century: biological therapy based on the use of the latest generation monoclonal antibodies]. 1502 9

We describe a case of hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) associated with CD8-positive T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CD8 + T-CLL). A 68-year-old man with CD8 + T-CLL presented with fever, progressive pancytopenia, and lymphadenopathy. Laboratory findings showed a hyper-ferritinemia, abnormalities of coagulation tests, and liver and renal dysfunction with hypoproteinemia. He did not respond to any treatments and died of respiratory failure 10 days after the admission and 14 months after the onset of CD8 + T-CLL. Pathological findings of the autopsy demonstrated infiltration of CD8 + T-CLL cells in multiple organs along with the increase of histiocytes with prominent hemophagocytosis. Serum concentration levels of IL-6, soluble IL-2 receptor and VEGF were all elevated at admission. These findings revealed that he had a secondary HPS. It was suggested that HPS should be considered in patients with an unexplained cytopenia and a fever during the clinical course of CD8 + T-CLL.
Leuk Lymphoma 2004 Jan
PMID:Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with CD8 positive T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 1506 Dec 21

The pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease (HD) is associated with the accumulation of functionally anergic T cells in the near vicinity of the malignant Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cell. To stimulate locally the anti-tumour immunity in Hodgkin's disease, we generated an anti-CD30-antibody-interleukin-2 fusion protein (HRS3-scFv-Fc-IL-2) that binds to CD30 constitutively expressed on H/RS cells. The fusion protein is composed of a CD30 binding domain (HRS3-scFv) that is linked via the human IgG hinge-CH2/CH3 domain to human IL-2. The HRS3-scFv-Fc-IL-2 fusion protein is expressed as a 140 kDa homodimer, has binding specificities to both the CD30 antigen and the IL-2 receptor and stimulates proliferation of preactivated T cells in vitro, demonstrating its IL-2 bioactivity. After binding to CD30+ Hodgkin lymphoma cells, HRS3-scFv-Fc-IL-2 moreover induces resting NK cells, but not T cells, to lyse the lymphoma cells with high efficiency. Recruitment of resting NK cells towards a cytolytic immune response against CD30+ lymphoma cells has the potential to build up an effective anti-tumour response despite of Hodgkin's disease associated T-cell anergy and makes the HRS3-scFv-Fc-IL-2 fusion protein suitable for the specific immunotherapy of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:Anti-CD30-scFv-Fc-IL-2 antibody-cytokine fusion protein that induces resting NK cells to highly efficient cytolysis of Hodgkin's lymphoma derived tumour cells. 1509 4


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