Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To study the functional state as well as the relation-ship between eosinophil and T lymphocyte in the asthmatics, the authors measured the eosinophil density of blood with percoll, the level of serum eosinophil cation protein (ECP) with radioimmunoassay and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) concentration with ELISA. The results revealed that the proportion of hypodense eosinophil and the levels of serum ECP and sIL-2R were 36.3% +/- 14.80%, 10.74 +/- 7.22 mg/L and 0.33% +/- 10 U/L respectively in asthmatics, being significantly higher than those in normal subjects (14.71% +/- 8.20%, 6.93 +/- 4.91 mg/L, 0.13 +/- 0.03 U/L, respectively, P < 0.05 in all). There is remarkable correlation between any two of the three parameters (r = 0.40, 0.37, 0.39, respectively, P < 0.05). It is suggested that eosinophil activation is associated with T lymphocyte activation, both may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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PMID:[Changes in serum eosinophil cation protein level and blood eosinophil density in patients with asthma]. 873 55

Cellular and mediator profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage have not been compared systematically between patients with asthma of different severities, mainly because the patients with more severe asthma have an increased need for antiinflammatory medication. Information is limited to comparisons of allergic and intrinsic asthma, which can be distinguished clinically. When patients from these two groups with similar degrees of bronchial hyperresponsiveness were compared, both groups showed increased numbers of activated T-helper lymphocytes; those in the allergic group expressed the IL-2 receptor (CD25+), whereas in patients with intrinsic asthma there was also an increased number of T-suppressor cells with the activation markers CD25, class II histocompatibility antigen, and very late activation antigen-I, as well as T-helper cells class II histocompatibility antigen and very late activation antigen-I. This pattern is compatible with a more chronic T-cell activation in patients with intrinsic asthma. In patients with allergic asthma the cytokine pattern is compatible with a pure TH2 response (elevated IL-4 and IL-5); however, intrinsic asthma is characterized by elevated IL-5 and IL-2 but not IL-4. Our own findings show similar concentrations of IL-1, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with allergic and intrinsic asthma, whereas IL-6 and interferon-gamma tended to be higher in patients with intrinsic asthma. There are probably fundamental differences in the pathogenesis of allergic and intrinsic asthma. These findings suggest that asthma does not depend on the presence of IgE or IL-4, although both may contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic asthma. The only common pathway in the different presentations of asthma that has been related to clinical symptoms appears to be IL-5-mediated activation of eosinophils; therapies aimed at this mechanism may be promising.
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PMID:Inflammatory determinants of asthma severity: mediator and cellular changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with severe asthma. 893 74

Glucocorticoids (GC) have long been used as the most effective agents for the treatment of allergic diseases accompanied by eosinophilia such as chronic asthma and atopic dermatitis. The development of chronic eosinophilic inflammation is dependent on interleukin-5 (IL-5), a selective eosinophil-activating factor, produced by helper T cells. To delineate the regulatory mechanisms of human IL-5 synthesis, we established allergen-specific CD4+ T-cell clones from asthmatic patients. GC efficiently suppressed IL-5 synthesis of T-cell clones activated via either T-cell receptor (TCR) or IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Induction of IL-5 mRNA upon TCR and IL-2R stimulation was totally inhibited by dexamethasone. Human IL-5 promoter/enhancer-luciferase gene construct transfected to T-cell clones was transcribed on either TCR or IL-2R stimulation and was clearly downregulated by dexamethasone, indicating that the approximately 500-bp human IL-5 gene segment located 5' upstream of the coding region contains activation-inducible enhancer elements responsible for the regulation by GC. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis suggested that AP-1 and NF-kappaB are among the possible targets of GC actions on TCR-stimulated T cells. NF-AT and NF-kappaB were not significantly induced by IL-2 stimulation. Our results showing that GC suppressed IL-5 production by human CD4+ T cells activated by two distinct stimuli, TCR and IL-2R stimulation, underscore the efficacy of GC in the treatment of allergic diseases via suppression of T-cell IL-5 synthesis.
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PMID:Two distinct pathways of interleukin-5 synthesis in allergen-specific human T-cell clones are suppressed by glucocorticoids. 910 9

The Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, Sho-seiryu-to, which has traditionally been used for the treatment of colds and bronchial asthma, showed potent antiinfluenza A and B virus activity through augmentation of production of antiviral IgA antibody in the nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities of mice when administrated orally before viral infection. Sho-seiryu-to also showed antiinfluenza virus activity against A virus H1N1 subtype infected in aged mice (approximately 6 months old) with an increase of antiviral IgA antibody in the bronchoalveolar wash of the treated mice by similar administration. When mice infected with mouse nonadapted influenza A virus H3N2 subtype before 14 days were secondarily infected with mouse adapted A/PR/8 (H1N1) virus and administered Sho-seiryu-to orally after the second infection, replication of the virus in both nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities was significantly inhibited. Sho-seiryu-to had no effect on the mice which were not primed with mouse nonadapted virus when administered after the infection of mouse-adapted A/PR/8 virus. Oral administration of Sho-seiryu-to caused increment of viral-specific IgA antibody secreting cells in mouse nasal lymphocyte. Sho-seiryu-to also augmented IL-2 receptor beta chain+ T-cells in Peyer's patch of the infected mice. Sho-seiryu-to also significantly reduced viral titer in the nasal washes of the infected ovalbumin-sensitized bronchial asthma model mice. Oral administration of Sho-seiryu-to before and after vaccination significantly augmented hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in the serum by nasal inoculation of influenza HA vaccine, and significantly augmented nasal antiviral IgA antibody and bronchoalveolar and serum antiviral IgG antibodies even after secondary vaccination although induction of antiviral antibody by intranasal vaccination was insufficient without Sho-seiryu-to. These results suggest that Sho-seiryu-to is able to prevent influenza virus infection by cross-protection of subtypes of influenza A virus and B virus. Sho-seiryu-to is also useful for the treatment of influenza virus infection in hosts with a history of influenza virus infection and/or influenza vaccination and allergic pulmonary inflammation, such as bronchial asthma, and can be used as an adjuvant to nasally inoculated influenza HA vaccine.
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PMID:In vivo antiinfluenza virus activity of Kampo medicine Sho-seiryu-to through mucosal immune system. 964 80

When BALB/c mice were treated with a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "Sho-seiryu-to (SST)" (1 g/kg, 10 times) orally from 7 days before to 5 days after the infection and infected with mouse-adapted influenza virus A/PR/8/34 by nasal-site restricted infection, SST caused increment of the influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific IgA antibody secreting cells in nasal lymphocyte but not in Peyer's patch lymphocyte at 6 days after infection in comparison with water-treated mice. Oral administration of SST also augmented IL-2 receptor beta chain+ (activated) T-cell in Peyer's patch lymphocyte, but not in the nasal lymphocyte. We previously reported that SST showed potent anti-influenza virus activity through augmentation of the antiviral IgA antibody titer in the nasal and broncho-alveolar cavities of the mice (T. Nagai and H. Yamada, 1994, Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 16, 605-613). These results suggest that oral administration of SST shows anti-influenza virus activity in the nasal cavity by activation of T-cell in Peyer's patch lymphocyte and stimulation of production of anti-influenza virus IgA antibody in nasal lymphocyte. When ovalbumin-sensitized allergic pulmonary inflammation model mice were administered orally with SST (1 g/kg) from 8 days before (11 times) or from 2 h after (4 times) to 4 days after the infection and infected with mouse-adapted influenza virus A/PR/8/34, replications of the virus in the both nasal and broncho-alveolar cavities or only nasal cavity were significantly inhibited at 5 days after infection in comparison with water-treated control by augmenting antiviral IgA antibody, respectively. These results suggest that SST is useful for both prophylaxis and treatment of influenza virus infection on patients with allergic pulmonary inflammation, such as bronchial asthma.
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PMID:In vivo anti-influenza virus activity of Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "sho-seiryu-to"--stimulation of mucosal immune system and effect on allergic pulmonary inflammation model mice. 965 72

Lymphocyte migration from the blood into the lung has been suggested as being responsible for the increase of lymphocytes, in particular CD4 T cells, in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial mucosa in human asthma, but so far there has been no direct proof. We studied lymphocyte immigration and lymphocyte subpopulations in three lung compartments in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged brown Norway (BN) rats. Increased numbers of CD4 and interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor-positive T cells were found in the BAL and lung parenchyma in treated animals, but also increased numbers of CD8 T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. For direct proof of lymphocyte migration from the blood into the lung, leukocytes were labeled with a fluorescent dye, 5- (and 6-) carboxyfluorescein-diacetate-succinimidyl-ester (CFSE), and injected intravenously immediately prior to OVA aerosol challenge. One day after challenge the number of CFSE(+), i.e., newly immigrated lymphocytes, was determined by flow cytometry gated on the lymphocyte cluster. A 15 times (1.5 times) higher number of CFSE(+) lymphocytes was found in the BAL (the lung parenchyma) of treated animals in comparison with control rats. In the BAL 51.8% of CFSE(+) cells were CD4-positive (parenchyma 72.7%) and 29.4% IL-2 receptor-positive (parenchyma 34.2%). There was no difference whether the leukocytes for labeling and injection were obtained from untreated or from OVA-sensitized donor animals. Our data show that lymphocyte immigration is at least in part responsible for the increase in lymphocyte numbers in the BAL and lung parenchyma in this animal asthma model.
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PMID:Lymphocytes migrate from the blood into the bronchoalveolar lavage and lung parenchyma in the asthma model of the brown Norway rat. 1067

Distinct eosinophil populations have been characterized on the basis of discontinuous Percoll density gradients. In peripheral blood, normal individuals show a low number of normodense and hypodense eosinophils, contrasting with the high amount of hypodense cells in patients who have allergies. To characterize these two eosinophil populations, we analyzed membrane expression of several antigens and cytokine receptors in normodense and hypodense eosinophils from patients who have allergies and controls. Hypodense eosinophils expressed higher levels of CD122, CD69, and CD4 in both patients with allergies and control individuals when compared to normodense eosinophils. The expression of CD125, CD124, CD25, CD132, and CD23 were similar in both cell types.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Hypodense eosinophils: characterization of surface molecule expression. 1200 90

In this study we assessed, by flow cytometry, the effect of interleukin 2 (IL-2) on the oxidative burst of normodense eosinophils (Eos's) isolated from 15 patients with moderately severe extrinsic asthma and 17 controls. We found that IL-2 significantly induced peroxide (H2O2) production in normodense Eos's from patients with asthma on a time kinetics study. This rise was higher in patients with immunoglobulin E levels > 180 IU/mL versus normal immunoglobulin E values. The effect of IL-2 was partially blocked by using anti-Tac antibody. In contrast, IL-2 decreased H2O2 production in normodense Eos's from controls. Cell surface expression of CD25, CD122, CD132, and CD69 were also determined and no statistical differences were found between both groups. In conclusion, IL-2 is able to increase H2O2 production by normodense Eos's isolated from patients with asthma and it may contribute to bronchial epithelium damage and chronic inflammation.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Interleukin-2 induces peroxide production by primed normodense eosinophils of patients with asthma. 1263 75

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Western medications such as glucocorticoids are effective therapeutic agents but may be associated with side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for treating allergic diseases with observable clinical benefits. The present study investigated whether a novel TCM concoction, the wheeze-relief formula (WRF), possesses in vitro anti-allergic activities. We measured the effects of WRF on the release of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) by human eosinophils using fluorescence enzyme immunoassay, expression of chemokine receptor CCR3 and adhesion molecule CD49d on eosinophils using immunophenotyping, cytokine induction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using cytometric bead array (CBA), and the gene expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors using cDNA expression array. Results demonstrated that WRF dose-dependently and significantly: (1) suppressed ECP release from eosinophils activated with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and platelet activating factor (PAF); (2) inhibited the expression of CCR3 and CD49d on PAF-activated eosinophils; and (3) attenuated the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and gene expression of IL-2 receptor chain alpha (CD25) on house dust mite (Der p 1) activated PBMC. The above results suggest a possible anti-allergic role of WRF and provide a biochemical basis for further clinical trial on human subjects.
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PMID:In vitro anti-allergic activities of a newly concocted traditional Chinese medicine--the wheeze-relief formula. 1616 93

Airway pathologies have been comprehensively researched in adult asthma, but in children, the extent of airway inflammation associated with episodic wheeze, often diagnosed as asthma, has not been fully characterized. It is not clear whether persistent airway inflammation is present in the absence of wheezing symptoms, and there is controversy regarding the role of age and atopy. This study assessed cellular and cytokine markers of airway inflammation in asymptomatic children with a history of episodic wheeze. Children with a history of episodic wheeze and cough (study group) and nonasthmatic patients requiring elective surgery (control group) were recruited. All subjects in the study group had a history of significant episodic wheezing (>2 episodes per year), and used only as-needed beta-agonist treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was obtained using bronchoscopic lavage (study group) and nonbronchoscopic lavage (control group). Differential cell counts of BAL and flow cytometry were performed to identify T-lymphocyte phenotypes, and intracellular cytokine profiles were measured after phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation of BAL fluid T-cells. Twenty-one children with a history of 2-12 episodes of wheeze per year and 21 nonasthmatic subjects without respiratory symptoms were recruited. Study and control subjects were matched for age (median age, 5 years) and demographic characteristics. Study subjects had higher IgE levels, but their measurements were still within normal range. No significant differences in BAL differential cell counts were noted, and in both groups, the majority of T-cells were CD3+ CD8+, with a median CD4:CD8 ratio of 0.6. There was no significant difference in T-cell expression of the activation markers HLA-DR and CD25 (IL-2 receptor), or in PMA-induced production of the intracellular cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. The results of this study suggest that significant T-cell-driven airway inflammation is absent in mild or nonatopic, asymptomatic children of this age group who have episodic wheeze. Our findings support asthma management guidelines that do not recommend long-term treatment of this group of patients with anti-inflammatory medications.
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PMID:Airway inflammation in asymptomatic children with episodic wheeze. 1661 54


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