Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) induces extensive immune cell alterations which can be detected by changes both in serum levels of soluble immune activation products and in several lymphoid phenotypic markers. The current studies were conducted in 70 HIV-1 seropositive subjects to determine whether changes among four important serum immune activation markers (neopterin, beta-2 microglobulin, soluble CD8, and soluble IL-2 receptor) and seven lymphoid phenotypic markers (CD38, HLA-DR, CD57, CD11b, CD45RA, leu8, and CD71) reflect similar or disparate aspects of immune pathology. On the basis of correlation coefficient calculation, four groups of related markers (Fig. 1) were identified: Group A, sIL-2R was related to group B where serum neopterin, beta 2M, sCD8 levels, and lymphocyte CD38 antigen expression correlated closely. Loss of CD45RA or Leu 8 antigens in group C correlated with group B and D markers increase. HLA-D in group D was a more distantly related immune activation marker. Phenotypic markers CD57, CD11b, and CD71 did not correlate with the immune activation processes reflected by the serum and phenotypic marker groups A-D. Correlations between serum and certain lymphoid phenotypic markers were generally stronger later in HIV-1 infection when CD4 levels were less than 500/mm3. This study provides information for selecting markers for investigating immune changes in HIV-1 infection and immune-related diseases. Many serum and lymphoid phenotypic markers reflect related aspects of immune dysregulation. However, some markers can indicate different aspects of disease.
 ...
PMID:Immune changes in HIV-1 infection: significant correlations and differences in serum markers and lymphoid phenotypic antigens. 137 54

We investigated the possible role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent generation of natural killer (NK) cells from bone marrow precursors. TNF-alpha synergistically augmented both cytotoxic activity against NK-sensitive targets and cell number at the end of the 7-day incubation period. After this time, NK activity was not induced by TNF-alpha in the absence of IL-2. The cytotoxic cells generated by IL-2 + TNF-alpha had the phenotype of mature NK cells, including expression of NK-1.1, asialo-GM1, Ly-5, LFA-1 and Thy-1. TNF-alpha was also able to up-regulate the mRNA expression for the IL-2 receptor alpha-chain (P55) as well as the mRNA expression of c-myc protooncogene. Blocking studies with monoclonal antibodies against the alpha-chain P55 of the IL-2 receptor confirmed the functional role ascribed to IL-2 in the in vitro generation of NK cells from bone marrow cultures. Additional proliferation studies demonstrated that the up-regulation of c-myc protooncogene was associated with an increased uptake of thymidine. These data indicate that the TNF-alpha-induced increase of IL-2-dependent NK cell generation from bone marrow precursors was associated with an augmented proliferation and an up-regulation of mRNA expression for IL-2 receptor and c-myc protooncogene.
 ...
PMID:Effect of recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor on the generation of natural killer cells in bone marrow cultures. 149 22

Ficoll-separated and monocyte-depleted mononuclear cells isolated from normal leukapheresis products were cryopreserved. These cells were incubated with or without 1,000 U/ml of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) for 4 days, and their lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and natural killer (NK) activities were measured. IL-2 activation induced a significant increase in the expression of the CD25 antigen. There was no change in CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD56 and CD57 cell marker expression. Cryopreservation did not induce any change in the membrane antigen expression and in the lymphocyte subsets. The NK activity was well preserved and the decrease of LAK activity of IL-2-activated cells after cryopreservation was not significant. In contrast, cells activated before cryopreservation had a significantly lower cytotoxic activity and the number of cells expressing the IL-2 receptor was also significantly reduced. However, the decrease of CD56 expression was not significant. CD25 expression seemed to be proportional to the LAK activity of the cells. This study demonstrated that cryopreserved lymphocytes, after 4 days of culture with rIL-2, could be as active and could express the CD25 and CD56 cell surface markers in the same manner as fresh LAK cells.
 ...
PMID:The influence of cryopreservation on activity and surface markers of lymphokine-activated killer cells. 176 4

Mitoxantrone (DHAD), an anthracenedione with antineoplastic properties similar to doxorubicin, was tested for therapeutic efficacy and for immunomodulating action on lymphocyte subsets in 16 metastatic breast cancer patients, 12 of whom had been previously treated with chemotherapy. DHAD was given intravenously at a dose of 14 mg/m2 every 21 days. To evaluate total T lymphocytes (CD3), T helper (CD4), and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8) and the CD4/CD8 ratio, venous blood samples were drawn before and after the first DHAD cycle. Moreover, in 8/16 patients, B lymphocytes (CD20), T suppressor cells (CD8+/CD57+), T cytotoxic cells (CD8+/CD57-), NK (CD16) and IL-2 receptor-expressing cells (CD25) were also measured at the same time. An objective tumor response was achieved in 5/16 (31%) patients and the response rate was significantly higher in patients pretreated with hormone therapy alone than in those pretreated with chemotherapy. No relation was found between clinical response and changes in the CD4/CD8 ratio. Neither the mean number nor the percentage of CD3, CDA and CD8 cells observed after DHAD were significantly different with respect to those seen before. In contrast, the mean number of T suppressor cells, B lymphocytes and CD25-positive cells was significantly lower after than before DHAD administration, whereas no difference was seen in NK cells. These results confirm in humans the immunomodulating properties of DHAD previously described in experimental conditions. However, the DHAD-induced changes in lymphocyte subsets do not seem to be related to the clinical response in breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Mitoxantrone as a single agent in pretreated metastatic breast cancer: effects on T lymphocyte subsets and their relation to clinical response. 186 50

After a 5-day period of continuous intravenous infusion of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) in seven patients with malignant melanoma or gastric or pancreatic cancer, different lymphocyte subsets were separated from patients' blood and tested ex vivo for cytotoxic activity against various tumour cell lines. Lytic activity was mediated by CD3+CD56+, CD3-CD56+, CD3-CD2+ and CD8+CD56+ lymphocytes. No cytotoxic activity could be observed within the CD3+CD56-, CD3+CD2+ or CD4+ T cell subsets. To characterize CD56+ cytotoxic cells further, the expression of other antigens on this population was analysed before and after IL-2 therapy. CD3, CD4, CD16 and CD57 antigens were weakly expressed, and the IL-2 receptor (CD25) was not detectable on these cells either before and after treatment with IL-2. In contrast, increased expression of CD2. CD8 and HLA-DR antigens occurred following therapy. The divergence of CD3 and CD8 antigen expression after IL-2 therapy was caused by an increase in CD3-CD8+ cells, detectable as a low-density CD8+ subset. This study shows that cytotoxic activity of in vivo IL-2-activated killer cells is predominantly, but not exclusively, mediated by CD3-CD56+ lymphocytes, partially coexpressing the CD8 antigen and lacking the expression of CD16 antigens.
 ...
PMID:Cytotoxic activity and phenotypic characteristics of lymphocyte subsets after therapy of cancer patients with interleukin-2. 187 92

T-lineage cells in human decidua of early pregnancies were tested for surface markers, proliferative response, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and natural killer (NK) activity. T-lineage (CD2+) cells that were obtained from decidua by the use of E-rosette formation contained fewer CD3+ mature T cells and CD4+ cells than those from the peripheral blood of the same donors, while no differences were seen in the frequencies of CD8+ cells. P55 molecules of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R/p55, Tac antigen) were hardly detected on fresh decidual T-lineage cells, though approximately 20% were positive for HLA-DR. More than a half of decidual T-lineage cells expressed CD56 molecules on their surface and killed K562 cells, the prototype target of NK cells, while most of them were negative for CD16 and CD57. Upon stimulation with IL-2, decidual T-lineage cells demonstrated dose-dependent proliferative response. In addition, they were induced to produce high amounts of IL-2 by stimulation with mitogens but not with alloantigens. These results suggest that human decidua contains high numbers of CD2+3-CD16 +/- 56+ lymphocytes and that this population responds to IL-2, produces IL-2 and mediates NK activity.
 ...
PMID:Studies on T-lineage cells in human decidua of first trimester pregnancies. 207 84

A small subpopulation of CD4+ T cells found in peripheral blood coexpresses the CD57+ marker normally found on, e.g., NK cells. It is known that this population occurs in a higher frequency in certain diseases. The same antigen has also been shown to be expressed on CD4+ T cells derived from germinal centers. The localization of this cell population to specialized lymphoid structures suggests that it may play a role in the evolution of the antibody response following antigenic stimulation in vivo. We have examined the ability of peripheral blood helper T cells coexpressing CD57 to participate in B cell activation/differentiation and evaluated their responses to polyclonal stimulation. The CD4+CD57+ T cells do not express mRNA for a number of different cytokines or for the CD40 ligand after activation in vitro. Furthermore these cells do not induce differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-producing cells. Consequently, despite their CD4 phenotype and their ability to be activated, to express the IL-2 receptor, and to enter into the cell cycle, they do not act as T helper cells under conditions where CD4+/CD57- cells normally do so. The findings suggest that this peripheral blood helper T cell population is functionally different from regular CD4+ T cells. The basis for the lack of proper costimulatory signals for immunoglobulin production might be related to the low expression of CD28.
 ...
PMID:CD4+CD57+ T cells derived from peripheral blood do not support immunoglobulin production by B cells. 754 27

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent large granular lymphocytes (LGL) with a distinctive surface phenotype were generated from histologically normal duodenal biopsy tissues. Immunoperoxidase staining of the mucosa with an anti-CD56 monoclonal antibody revealed LGL localized in the lamina propria rather than in the epithelium. Light and electron microscopy demonstrated azurophilic and electron-dense cytoplasmic granules. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that these cells express CD45, CD56, CD2, CD7, CD11a, CD18, CD69 and the intermediate affinity (p70) IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) but not CD57, CD16, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD45RA, CD25, or the high affinity p55 IL-2R. The LGL proliferated when cultured in the presence of human rIL-2 but not in the presence of human rIL-4. Functional studies demonstrated that the LGL had strong cytotoxicity against natural killer (NK) target cells, K562, but not NK-resistant targets such as Colo 205, Melanoma and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-cell lines. The LGL expressed genes for IL-5, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the corresponding cytokines were detected in culture supernatant. These results provide evidence for an important role of gut mucosal LGL in the induction and regulation of inflammation and immunity in the gut.
 ...
PMID:Morphological, phenotypic and functional characteristics of a pure population of CD56+ CD16- CD3- large granular lymphocytes generated from human duodenal mucosa. 769 28

Changes in regulatory T-cell subset (including the recently described CD4 helper inducers or suppressor inducers) balance in the peripheral blood may play a role in the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to quantitate and analyse peripheral blood lymphocytes in 15 patients with primary SS and 15 control subjects. A reduction in the percentage of circulating CD4 lymphocytes was observed in patients with SS. There was no quantitative abnormality in the percentage of circulating CD4+ 2H4+ (suppressor inducer), CD4+ 4B4+ (helper inducer), CD2, CD3, CD8, CD8+ 2H4+, CD8+ 4B4+, CD25 (IL-2R), CD19, CD16, CD57 lymphocytes in the patients. Circulating CD8 lymphocytes expressing the activation marker HLA-DR were increased in the patients. The functional status of peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed by PHA (phytohaemagglutinin) stimulation followed by monitoring their proliferative response by radiolabelled thymidine uptake and expression of CD25 (Interleukin-2 receptor). A reduction in the proliferative response of total, CD4-depleted, and CD8-depleted lymphocytes suspensions to PHA was demonstrated. The level of expression of CD25 (IL-2 receptor) was similar in patients and controls before and after 24 h stimulation with PHA. We conclude that there is a disturbance in the functional properties of peripheral blood T cells that can contribute to the immunopathogenesis of SS. Meanwhile, the quantitative reduction of suppressor/inducer lymphocytes as defined by the CD4 2H4 phenotype can be precluded from a role in the development of such an autoimmune condition.
 ...
PMID:Phenotypic and functional abnormalities in the peripheral blood T-cells of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. 808 85

This study was designed to investigate changes in the immune system of elite swimmers compared with well-conditioned age- and sex-matched controls in relation to a competition swim (field study). Furthermore, the aim was to reveal possible differences in immune system changes depending on the type of sport performed by comparing with an earlier study of similar design, from the same laboratory that tested elite runners in relation to a competition run. The swimmers were tested before, immediately after and 2 h and 24 h after a competition swim. Lymphocyte subsets (CD5, CD3, HLA-DR, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD3/CD16+56, CD57, CD18, CD16/CD122) all increased after the run, decreased to normal or subnormal levels after 2 h, and returned to normal after 24 h (absolute numbers). The findings were identical for the swimmers and the age- and sex-matched control group. No change in polymorphonuclear granulocyte migration was found. The lymphocyte proliferative responses decreased 2 h after the exercise. No changes were seen in plasma cytokine levels (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in relation to exercise, but significantly lower baseline values for IL-6 were observed in the swimmers. An increase in total natural killer cell activity immediately after exercise, followed after 2 h by a decrease, was seen in both swimmers and controls. Finally, no complement activation was detected. Compared with an earlier study of elite runners, differences were seen in granulocyte chemotactic response, TNF-alpha plasma activity and the lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogen. These differences might be explained by the degree of immune system activation following muscle damage during exercise, inducing an increase in cytokines, which are known to activate and modulate both lymphocytes and granulocyte function. Our findings demonstrate identical exercise-induced, immune system changes in elite swimmers and well conditioned controls, and furthermore, the findings suggest that different types of sport performed at maximum intensity induce different immune system changes.
 ...
PMID:Short-term changes in the immune system of elite swimmers under competition conditions. Different immunomodulation induced by various types of sport. 882 44


1 2 3 Next >>