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Query: UNIPROT:P14784 (IL-2 receptor)
 3,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The surface phenotype of T cells reflects both their relative maturity and their activation state. To determine the pattern of surface markers characteristic of activated T cells, purified mature T cells were stimulated in vitro for periods of 0.5-5 days with Concanavalin-A (Con-A) or phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) and ionomycin, fluorescein-labelled with monoclonal antibodies, then analysed by flow cytometry. The level of expression of the function-associated antigens CD4 (L3T4) and CD8 (Ly-2) decreased transiently early after activation with PMA/ionomycin, but not after stimulation with Con-A. Both stimuli caused a small drop in the level of CD3 and the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). At no time was CD3, CD4 or CD8 completely lost from the surface. Following activation Pgp-1, the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (as detected by the monoclonal antibody 7D4) and the peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptor were gained by a proportion of cells, MEL-14 was lost by a proportion of cells, and no change was observed in the expression of heat stable antigen. Thy-1 or Ly-1. From the present data no evidence has been found for the generation of the 'immature', CD4- CD8- phenotype found in the thymus by activation of mature T cells. During T cell development, however, changes in expression of Pgp-1, MEL-14, the IL-2 receptor and the PNA receptor may be associated with activation, rather than differentiation per se.
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PMID:The surface phenotype of activated T lymphocytes. 297 10

We constructed two strains of transgenic mice that carry the cDNA of either human interleukin-2 (IL-2) or the L chain of its receptor under the control of the H-2Kd promoter. The IL-2 transgenic mice expressed human IL-2 mRNA in the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lung, muscle, and skin. Human IL-2 protein was also detected in their sera. The IL-2 transgenic mice suffered from dermatitis and pneumonia. Immune responses of their spleen cells against antigens were significantly impaired whereas their spleen cells responded well to polyclonal lymphocyte activators, suggesting that constitutive expression of IL-2 might have affected the repertoire formation of T cells in the mice. The IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) transgenic mice were healthy. We crossed the IL-2 and IL-2R transgenic mice to yield hybrid mice expressing both the ligand and the receptor constitutively. The life span of the hybrid mice was remarkably shortened. In addition to several abnormalities found in the IL-2 transgenic mice, spleen cells of the hybrid mice showed the strong natural killer activity which was ascribed to a large number (18%) of Thy-1+/CD3-cells unique to their spleen.
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PMID:Immunological abnormalities in human interleukin-2 or interleukin-2/interleukin-2 receptor L chain transgenic mice. 298 Oct 23

Most fetal thymocytes from 14-d mouse embryos are Thy-1+, L3T4-, Ly-2-, and express the receptor for interleukin 2 (IL-2). The development of thymocytes has been followed in fetal thymus organ cultures. When fetal thymus from 14-d embryos were cultured for a 6-d period, thymocytes increased in number 20-40-fold, and 95% became Thy-1+, L3T4+, Ly-2+. The addition of IL-2 to organ cultures of 14-d fetal thymus inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, cell proliferation and the appearance of Thy-1+, L3T4+, Ly-2+ thymocytes. The addition of IL-2 also resulted in the appearance of a population of cells that were cytotoxic for syngeneic and allogeneic fetal thymocytes and syngeneic tumour targets. While the events that lead to the expression of the IL-2 receptor on 14-d fetal thymocytes are unknown, IL-2 in fetal thymus organ cultures inhibits the normal maturation of fetal thymocytes and raises the question of whether the cytotoxic cells that appear reflect selection through an alternative pathway of development.
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PMID:Development of fetal thymocytes in organ cultures. Effect of interleukin 2. 310 43

Precursor T cells in the thymus are contained within a subpopulation of thymocytes that lack the markers CD4 and CD8. We have examined the heterogeneity of these cells by flow cytometric analysis, and defined four subpopulations using the cell surface markers Thy-1, J11d and the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). The J11d+ subset of CD4-8- cells all bear the antigen Thy-1, and some express the IL-2R. Staining and RNA analysis of J11d+ cells suggest that some express receptors of the CD3 gamma delta type, but none express CD3 alpha beta receptors. In fetal thymus organ culture, the J11d+ cells diversify to form 'cortical type' CD4+8+ cells and 'medullary type' cells expressing either CD4 or CD8; in vivo they repopulate the thymus of an irradiated host and seed the periphery with T cells. In contrast, the J11d- subset of CD4-8- thymocytes do not all bear Thy-1 and none express the IL-2R, but some express antigen receptors of the CD3 alpha beta type. They have more limited diversification potential in organ culture, and in vivo fail to recolonize the irradiated host in a homing-independent assay. We conclude that they are not precursor T cells, but rather a side-branch from the main line of T cell differentiation.
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PMID:Differentiation potential of subsets of CD4-8- thymocytes. 311 48

Two T-lymphocyte subsets develop in the thymus which differ in the expression of glycoproteins on their cell surface. About 60% of the circulating T cells express the glycoprotein T4, while about 30% have the glycoprotein T8. T4 and T8 cells can be determined in the peripheral blood or various organs with monoclonal antibodies. T4 and T8 cells differ in their antigen recognition, have different functions, and can cause various pathohistological changes. T4 cells recognize the antigen in association with the HLA-D/DR/DP determinants. Upon antigenic stimulation they liberate various factors and initiate and amplify an immune response (T4 = helper/inducer T-cells). They can also be cytotoxic and are mediating effector functions via macrophage activation. T8 cells recognize the antigen in association with HLA-A/B/C determinants. They exert their cytotoxic or suppressive effector functions mainly in viral infections. The T4 or T8 cell-mediated pathohistological changes are discussed in the light of the well studied T-cell infiltrations in lepra lepromatosa or lepra tuberculosa. The T4/T8 cell dyscrasia in the peripheral blood, described in a variety of infectious, autoimmune or immunodeficiency diseases, may be due to enhanced proliferation, selective sequestration, reduced production or the elimination of a subset. T-cell subset analysis in joints, bronchial lavages and tissues has clarified the pathomechanism in a variety of autoimmune diseases, although the etiology remains obscure. For example, in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and sarcoidosis, a T4 cell-mediated reaction with macrophage activation can be found. T4/T8 cell analysis may also be of value in dissecting heterogenous diseases, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus. Of value is also the additional demonstration of membrane components reflecting T-cell activation (IL-2 receptor or DR-antigen expression) which serves to identify the activated T-cell subset in peripheral blood. Finally, T4/T8 cell analysis can be helpful in deciding treatment, as the T-cell subsets have a different sensitivity to immunosuppressive drugs.
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PMID:[Analysis of T-cell subpopulations. Pathophysiological concept and significance for clinical medicine]. 315 84

The thymus is regarded as the primary site for T-cell lymphopoiesis, but very little is known about the lineage inter-relationships of cells within that organ. At least four subpopulations of mouse thymocytes can be defined on the basis of staining with monoclonal antibodies directed against the T-cell differentiation antigens Lyt-2 and L3T4 (ref. 2). Thus immunocompetent (medullary) thymocytes, like peripheral T cells, express either Lyt-2 (cytotoxic phenotype) or L3T4 (helper phenotype) but not both, whereas non-functional (cortical) thymocytes express both markers. In addition, a small subpopulation comprising 2-3% of cells in the thymus and expressing neither Lyt-2 nor L3T4 has recently been described. The latter cells have the properties of intrathymic 'stem cells' in that they are the first to appear in the embryonic thymus and at least some can be shown to give rise, both in vivo (ref. 4. and our unpublished data) and in vitro, to other thymocyte subpopulations. We show here that 50% of Lyt-2-/L3T4- cells in the adult thymus express receptors for the polypeptide growth hormone interleukin-2 (IL-2) whereas other cells in the thymus do not. Furthermore, immunohistochemical localization studies on frozen sections indicate a disperse distribution of IL-2 receptor-positive cells in both the cortex and medulla. These novel findings have potential implications in the context of current models of differentiation pathways within the thymus.
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PMID:Expression of interleukin-2 receptors as a differentiation marker on intrathymic stem cells. 391 12

Human thymocytes were separated by peanut agglutinin (PNA) into PNA+ and PNA- cell fractions, and directly oxidized by the combined action of the enzymes neuraminidase and galactose oxidase (NAGO). Such treatment resulted in the induction of interleukin 2 (IL-2) responsiveness in PNA- cells but not in PNA+ cells. The molecular basis for the poor IL-2 responsiveness of PNA+ cells resides in their inability to express sufficient amounts of IL-2 receptors in response to NAGO treatment. Irradiated oxidized PNA+ or PNA- cells are able to transmit an oxidative mitogenic signal to autologous native PNA- cells but not to PNA+ cells. Depletion of plastic adherent cells from the PNA+ subpopulation totally abolished its high potency for the indirect signal transduction, whereas accessory cell depleted PNA- cells were affected to a lesser extent. Nonspecific esterase staining indicated that human thymic macrophages/monocytes are PNA+ cells. In spite of their small number (less than 0.5% of the total thymus cells) they appear to be very active in the indirect oxidative signal transmission. Unlike the indirect system, direct oxidative mitogenesis is independent of accessory cells. Attempts to detect NAGO-dependent IL-2 receptor inducing soluble factors were fruitless and there is a strict need for cell-cell interaction for the indirect transmission of the oxidative mitogenic signal.
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PMID:Cellular and growth factor requirements for the direct and indirect oxidative induction of interleukin 2 responsiveness in human thymocytes. 392 57

We have established the DU.528 cell line from the pretreatment leukemia cells of a patient who underwent a T lymphoblastic-to-promyelocytic phenotype conversion during treatment with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformycin. The cell line and clones obtained from it by limiting dilution have the same karyotype previously found in the patient's pretreatment T lymphoblasts and post-deoxycoformycin treatment promyelocytes. DU.528 cells in continuous culture for greater than 2 yr display a predominant undifferentiated T lymphoblastoid phenotype. These cells spontaneously generate progeny of at least three lineages, T lymphoid, granulocytic/monocytic, and erythroid. The surface marker most consistently expressed by DU.528 cells in the undifferentiated state is the 3A1 antigen, which has been found on prothymocytes in the embryonic thymus. Some undifferentiated DU.528 cells also expressed the IL-2 receptor, but no other T cell differentiation antigens. Exposure of DU.528 cells to a variety of agents induced myeloid maturation; adenosine and deoxyadenosine, in the presence of deoxycoformycin, induced expression of myeloid differentiation antigens. Our results suggest that DU.528 is a lymphohematopoietic stem cell line and support the hypothesis that differentiation of pluripotent stem cells may be altered by genetic deficiency of adenosine deaminase. DU.528 cells may provide a useful model for examining factors that regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
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PMID:Establishment of the DU.528 human lymphohemopoietic stem cell line. 405 59

In addition to thymus-derived T cells, it was demonstrated recently that extrathymically differentiated T cells exist in the liver and other immune organs of mice. Since such extrathymic T cells have T-cell receptors (TCR) of intermediate intensity (i.e. intermediate TCR cells) and constitutively express IL-2 receptor beta-chain (IL-2R beta) similar to natural killer (NK) cells, they are easily distinguished from thymus-derived T cells with a TCR-bright+ IL-2R beta- phenotype (i.e. bright TCR cells). In the present study, the expression of adhesion molecules CD44 and L-selectin was compared between these T-cell subsets. Intermediate TCR cells in the liver and other organs were found to be CD44+ L-selectin- and, inversely, bright TCR cells were CD44- L-selectin+. CD3- IL-2R beta+ NK cells were also estimated to be CD44+ L-selectin-. Hyaluronic acid, which is known to adhere to a CD44 ligand, bound to intermediate TCR cells, but not to bright TCR cells. Among many extracellular matrices, hyaluronic acid induced a prominent decrease in the numbers and proportions of intermediate TCR cells and NK cells in the liver from 6 to 24 hr after in vivo administration. The half-life span of injected hyaluronic acid was approximately 7 hr in the plasma. These results suggest that the CD44 molecule, which is uniquely expressed on intermediate TCR cells and NK cells, is eventually associated with their adhesion to the sinusoidal walls in the liver.
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PMID:Adhesion molecules on intermediate TCR cells. I. Unique expression of adhesion molecules, CD44+ L-selectin-, on intermediate TCR cells in the liver and the modulation of their adhesion by hyaluronic acid. 753 65

It has previously been described that V gamma 3 cells can proliferate extensively in vitro in the presence of different cytokines. Here, the role of cytokines in the maintenance of V gamma 3 cells in the thymus has been determined. Culture of fetal thymocytes in cell suspension for 24 h showed that, whereas immature TCRlowHSAhigh V gamma 3 cells remained viable, all mature TCRhighHSAlow V gamma 3 cells died. These cells died by apoptosis since protein synthesis was required and flow cytometric analysis as well as DNA gel electrophoresis showed that the DNA was degraded to oligonucleosomal bands. Addition of IL-2, IL-4 or IL-7 to suspension cultures of fetal thymocytes rescued V gamma 3 cells from dying. Addition of IL-1, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma was without effect. Phenotypic analysis showed that the alpha-chain of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha) was expressed by part of the immature V gamma 3 thymocytes, all mature V gamma 3 cells expressed the beta-chain of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R beta). Addition of anti-IL-2R beta mAb to fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) resulted in a moderate reduction of the cell number of mature V gamma 3 thymocytes. Addition of anti-IL-2R alpha, anti-IL-4 or anti-IL-7 mAb had no effect. The cell number of mature V gamma 3 cells was highly reduced when both anti-IL-2R beta and anti-IL-7 mAb were added to FTOC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cytokine dependence of V gamma 3 thymocytes: mature but not immature V gamma 3 cells require endogenous IL-2 and IL-7 to survive--evidence for cytokine redundancy. 754 10


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