Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P11021 (BiP)
 2,049 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that phagocytoses bacteria and host cells, has a vesicle/vacuole-filled cytosol like that of macrophages. In contrast, the infectious cyst form has four nuclei and a chitin wall. Here, anti-chitinase antibodies identified hundreds of small secretory vesicles in encysting E. invadens parasites and in E. histolytica trophozoites overexpressing chitinase under an actin gene promoter. Abundant small secretory vesicles were also identified with antibodies to the surface antigen Ariel and with a fluorescent substrate of cysteine proteinases. Removal of an N-terminal signal sequence directed chitinase to the cytosol. Addition of a C-terminal KDEL peptide, identified on amebic BiP, retained chitinase in a putative endoplasmic reticulum, which was composed of a few vesicles of mixed sizes. A putative Golgi apparatus, which was Brefeldin A sensitive and composed of a few large, perinuclear vesicles, was identified with antibodies to ADP-ribosylating factor and to epsilon-COP. We conclude that the amebic secretory pathway is similar to those of other eukaryotic cells, even if its appearance is somewhat different.
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PMID:Chitinase secretion by encysting Entamoeba invadens and transfected Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites: localization of secretory vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. 1033 23

An Entamoeba invadens gene encoding a homologue of BiP/GRP78, a 70-kDa heat shock protein or chaperonin was cloned. The predicted E. invadens BiP contained an ATP-binding site, a substrate-recognition domain, and a carboxy-terminal KDEL-peptide. Messenger RNAs of E. invadens for BiP, for a 70-kDa heat shock cognate, for a cyst wall glycoprotein (Jacob), and for chitinase were all induced by heat shock and by encystation medium. The presence of Jacob in heat-shocked amebae was confirmed by confocal microscopy and suggests that heat shock and encystation responses in E. invadens are related.
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PMID:Responses of Entamoeba invadens to heat shock and encystation are related. 1100 Nov 49

Conventional agriculture has relied heavily on chemical inputs that have negatively impacted the environment and increased production costs. Transition to agricultural sustainability is a major challenge and requires that alternative agricultural practices are scientifically analyzed to provide a sufficiently informative knowledge base in favor of alternative farming practices. We show a molecular basis for delayed leaf senescence and tolerance to diseases in tomato plants cultivated in a legume (hairy vetch) mulch-based alternative agricultural system. In the hairy vetch-cultivated plants, expression of specific and select classes of genes is up-regulated compared to those grown on black polyethylene mulch. These include N-responsive genes such as NiR, GS1, rbcL, rbcS, and G6PD; chaperone genes such as hsp70 and BiP; defense genes such as chitinase and osmotin; a cytokinin-responsive gene CKR; and gibberellic acid 20 oxidase. We present a model of how their protein products likely complement one another in a field scenario to effect efficient utilization and mobilization of C and N, promote defense against disease, and enhance longevity.
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PMID:An alternative agriculture system is defined by a distinct expression profile of select gene transcripts and proteins. 1524 56

The utility of plant secondary cell wall biomass for industrial and biofuel purposes depends upon improving cellulose amount, availability and extractability. The possibility of engineering such biomass requires much more knowledge of the genes and proteins involved in the synthesis, modification and assembly of cellulose, lignin and xylans. Proteomic data are essential to aid gene annotation and understanding of polymer biosynthesis. Comparative proteomes were determined for secondary walls of stem xylem and transgenic xylogenic cells of tobacco and detected peroxidase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinesterase and a number of defence/cell death related proteins, but not marker proteins of primary walls such as xyloglucan endotransglycosidase and expansins. Only the corresponding detergent soluble proteome of secretory microsomes from the xylogenic cultured cells, subjected to ion-exchange chromatography, could be determined accurately since, xylem-specific membrane yields were of poor quality from stem tissue. Among the 109 proteins analysed, many of the protein markers of the ER such as BiP, HSP70, calreticulin and calnexin were identified, together with some of the biosynthetic enzymes and associated polypeptides involved in polymer synthesis. However 53% of these endomembrane proteins failed identification despite the use of two different MS methods, leaving considerable possibilities for future identification of novel proteins involved in secondary wall polymer synthesis once full genomic data are available.
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PMID:The cell wall and secretory proteome of a tobacco cell line synthesising secondary wall. 1940 43