Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P11021 (BiP)
 2,049 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) is located between photoreceptors and pigment epithelium in the retina and is involved in fundamental functions of the visual cycle. These include visual pigment chromophore exchange, retinal adhesion, metabolite trafficking, and growth factor presentation. In general, IPM preparations are contaminated with intracellular proteins, as has also been described for other body fluids. This study aimed at identifying new components of the IPM by discriminating between truly secreted proteins and proteins that are part of the IPM for secondary reasons. "Soluble" porcine IPM was extracted from retina and pigment epithelium with PBS by two different procedures, followed by extraction with water alone that released "insoluble" IPM matrix sheets. Samples from all preparations were separated by 2-DE and a total of 140 protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF and/or CapLC Q-TOF MS. Although identified proteins included several already known in the IPM, the majority had not been previously described in this structure. Gene ontology classifications allocated the identified proteins into nine different functional networks. The IPM preparations also included intracellular proteins from cells adjacent to the IPM, which may have resulted from cell disruption. This underlines the experimental difficulties of a biochemical analysis of the IPM as an intact compartment. We show here a strategy for predicting the probability of identified IPM proteins occurring in vivo by combined high-resolution protein separation methods with computational prediction methods. Thus, a set of potentially neuroprotective proteins could be extracted, including PEA-15, peroxiredoxin 5, alpha-B-crystallin, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), protein disulfide-isomerase, and PEP-19, which have not been previously associated with the IPM. Furthermore, with immunohistochemical staining we could confirm the localization of GRP78 in the IPM on porcine eye sections, thus validating the proposed prediction method.
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PMID:Proteomic analysis of the porcine interphotoreceptor matrix. 1612 31

To improve muscle healing upon injury, it is of importance to understand the interplay of key signaling pathways during muscle regeneration. To study this, mice were injected with cardiotoxin (CTX) or PBS in the Tibialis Anterior muscle and were sacrificed 2, 5 and 12 days upon injection. The time points represent different phases of the regeneration process, i.e. destruction, repair and remodeling, respectively. Two days upon CTX-injection, p-mTORC1 signaling and stress markers such as BiP and p-ERK1/2 were upregulated. Phospho-ERK1/2 and p-mTORC1 peaked at d5, while BiP expression decreased towards PBS levels. Phospho-FOXO decreased 2 and 5 days following CTX-injection, indicative of an increase in catabolic signaling. Furthermore, CTX-injection induced a shift in the fiber type composition, characterized by an initial loss in type IIa fibers at d2 and at d5. At d5, new type IIb fibers appeared, whereas type IIa fibers were recovered at d12. To conclude, CTX-injection severely affected key modulators of muscle metabolism and histology. These data provide useful information for the development of strategies that aim to improve muscle molecular signaling and thereby recovery.
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PMID:Cardiotoxin-induced skeletal muscle injury elicits profound changes in anabolic and stress signaling, and muscle fiber type composition. 3262 Nov 58