Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P11021 (BiP)
 2,049 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sleep and waking differ significantly in terms of behavior, metabolism, and neuronal activity. Recent evidence indicates that sleep and waking also differ with respect to the expression of certain genes. To systematically investigate such changes, we used mRNA differential display and cDNA microarrays to screen approximately 10000 transcripts expressed in the cerebral cortex of rats after 8 h of sleep, spontaneous waking, or sleep deprivation. We found that 44 genes had higher mRNA levels after waking and/or sleep deprivation relative to sleep, while 10 were upregulated after sleep. Known genes that were upregulated in waking and sleep deprivation can be grouped into the following categories: immediate early genes/transcription factors (Arc, CHOP, IER5, NGFI-A, NGFI-B, N-Ras, Stat3), genes related to energy metabolism (glucose type I transporter Glut1, Vgf), growth factors/adhesion molecules (BDNF, TrkB, F3 adhesion molecule), chaperones/heat shock proteins (BiP, ERP72, GRP75, HSP60, HSP70), vesicle- and synapse-related genes (chromogranin C, synaptotagmin IV), neurotransmitter/hormone receptors (adrenergic receptor alpha(1A) and beta(2), GABA(A) receptor beta(3), glutamate NMDA receptor 2A, glutamate AMPA receptor GluR2 and GluR3, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta(2), thyroid hormone receptor TRbeta), neurotransmitter transporters (glutamate/aspartate transporter GLAST, Na(+)/Cl(-) transporter NTT4/Rxt1), enzymes (aryl sulfotransferase, c-jun N-terminal kinase 1, serum/glucocorticoid-induced serine/threonine kinase), and a miscellaneous group (calmodulin, cyclin D2, LMO-4, metallothionein 3). Several other genes that were upregulated in waking and all the genes upregulated in sleep, with the exception of the one coding for membrane protein E25, did not match any known sequence. Thus, significant changes in gene expression occur across behavioral states, which are likely to affect basic cellular functions such as RNA and protein synthesis, neural plasticity, neurotransmission, and metabolism.
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PMID:Gene expression in the brain across the sleep-waking cycle. 1110 86

Sixteen clones, recently isolated from the PC12 nerve cell line, were analysed for a variety of markers and activities. Two endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal markers, the chaperone protein BiP and the major Ca2+ storage protein calreticulin, as well as the 40-kD rough ER membrane marker and the plus-end-directed mirotubule motor protein, kinesin, were found to be expressed at similar levels. These results suggest that the size of the ER, the function of microtubules and the capacity of the rapidly exchanging Ca2+ store do not change substantially among the clones. Other proteins expressed at comparable levels were synapsin I and IIa, members of a nerve cell-specific protein family known to bind synaptic vesicles to the cytoskeleton. In contrast, another ER membrane protein, calnexin, and the markers of secretory organelles were found to vary markedly. One clone (clone 27) completely lacked both chromogranin B and secretogranin II, the proteins contained within dense granules, and synaptophysin, a marker of clear vesicles. Other clones expressed these markers to variable and apparently mutually unrelated levels. Marked variability was observed also in the uptake of exogenous catecholamines, in their release both at rest and after stimulation, and in nerve growth factor-induced differentiation. These results provide indirect information about the mechanisms that regulate the expression of structures and activities in PC12 cells. Of particular interest is clone 27, which appears globally incompetent for regulated secretion and might therefore be a valuable tool for the study of this activity in a nerve cell.
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PMID:Differential Expression of Markers and Activities in a Group of PC12 Nerve Cell Clones. 1210 30