Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P11021 (BiP)
 2,049 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The IRES from poliovirus and from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) added between the cap and the AUG initiator codon were strong inhibitors of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression in three different cell types. The poliovirus IRES also inhibited bGH (bovine growth hormone) cDNA expression in the HC11 mammary cell line when added between the rabbit whey acidic gene promoter and the cDNA whereas the HTLV-1 IRES showed a stimulatory effect in the same situation. RNA stem loops were added before HTLV-1 (SUR) and the BiP (Immunoglobulin heavy-chain Binding Protein) IRESs followed by the firefly luciferase gene under the control of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter. The RNA loops abolished the expression of the reporter gene almost completely. These data suggest that the different IRESs may favour or inhibit translation of monocistronic mRNA.
 ...
PMID:The efficiency of different IRESs (internal ribosomes entry site) in monocistronic mRNAS. 1093 22

The results of recent studies indicate that inflammatory responses occurring in the early stages of equine laminitis lead to downstream events that eventually result in failure of the bond between the hoof wall and the distal phalanx. In order to gain further insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of laminitis, an equine-specific cDNA microarray consisting of transcripts for more that 3000 genes was used to assess temporal changes in gene expression in laminar tissues at 1.5, 3 and 12 h after administration of either a laminitis-inducing agent (black walnut heartwood extract; BWHE) or an equal volume of water (control). As early as 1.5 h after BWHE administration, pro-inflammatory genes associated with leukocyte activation and emigration, including MCP-3/CCL7, MCP-1/CCL2, IP-10/CXCL10 and ICAM-1 were up-regulated. At both 1.5 and 3h after administration of BWHE, expression of B-cell specific transcripts (e.g., Ig-gamma 3, Ig-gamma 1 and lambda-light chain) were decreased in the laminar tissues. At the onset of Obel grade 1 lameness in horses administered BWHE, other genes involved in inflammatory processes (e.g., serum amyloid A, calgranulin C and NFAT-activation molecule 1), regulation of inflammation (e.g., inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, BiP/GRP78 [Ig binding protein], L-plastin, serpin and nexin-1), antioxidant responses (e.g., superoxide dismutase), matrix turnover (e.g., MMP-9 and TIMP-1), and anti-microbial responses (e.g., serotransferrin, beta-defensin-1 and elafin) were up-regulated. These results provide convincing evidence that genes associated with inflammation, activation and extravasation of leukocytes, antimicrobial activities, and destruction of the lamellar basement membrane are induced during the early stages of development of laminitis in response to administration of BWHE.
 ...
PMID:Temporal aspects of laminar gene expression during the developmental stages of equine laminitis. 1912 42