Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P11021 (BiP)
 2,049 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phylogenetic analyses indicated that a series of paralogous gene pairs, found in two extensive regions on human chromosomal bands 6p21.3 and 9q33-34, were created by at least two independent duplications. The duplicated genes on chromosomal band 6p21.3 include the genes for type 11 collagen alpha2 subunit (COL11A2), NOTCH4 (mouse int-3 homologue), 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSPA1A, HSPA1B, and HSPA1L), valyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (VARS2), complement components (C2 and C4), pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor 2 (PBX2), retinoid X receptor beta (RXRB), NAT/RING3, and four other proteins. Their paralogous genes on chromosomal band 9q33-34 are genes for type 5 collagen alpha1 subunit (COL5A1), NOTCH1, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (HSPA5), valyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (VARS1), complement component V (C5), PBX3, retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA), ORFX/RING3L, and others. Among these, the genes for collagen, complement components, NAT/RING3, PBX, and RXR appear to have been duplicated around the time of vertebrate emergence, supporting the idea that they were duplicated simultaneously at that time. Another group of genes that includes NOTCH and HSP appear to have diverged long before that time. A comparison of the physical maps of these two regions revealed that the genes which duplicated in the same period were arranged in almost the same order in the two regions, with the assumption of a few chromosomal rearrangements. We propose a possible model for the evolution of these regions, taking into account the molecular mechanisms of regional duplication, gene duplication, translocation, and inversion. We also propose that a comparative mapping of paralogous genes within the human genome would be useful for identifying new genes.
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PMID:Evolutionary significance of intra-genome duplications on human chromosomes. 946 76

To identify proteins linked to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV), we profiled protein expression levels in samples of HCC. To identify essential proteins, ten samples of HCV-related HCC were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. These experiments revealed increased levels of nine proteins in cancerous tissues compared to levels in corresponding noncancerous liver tissues. We focused on four members of the heat shock protein 70 family: 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70), 75 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP75), and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 (HSP70.1). These results were confirmed by immunoblot analysis. In an additional 11 samples, the same expression patterns of these four proteins were observed. In total, 21 samples showed statistically significant up-regulation of GRP78, GRP75 and HSP70.1 in cancerous tissues. HSC70 showed a tendency toward overexpression. There has been no report describing overexpression of these four proteins simultaneously in HBV-related HCC as well as nonviral HCC. Our results suggest that these four proteins play important roles in the pathogenesis of HCV-related HCC and could be molecular targets for diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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PMID:Proteomic profiling of heat shock protein 70 family members as biomarkers for hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. 1467 98

The presence of the HLA-B35 allele has emerged as an important risk factor for the development of isolated pulmonary hypertension in patients with scleroderma, however the mechanisms underlying this association have not been fully elucidated. The goal of our study was to determine the molecular mechanisms that mediate the biological effects of HLA-B35 in endothelial cells (ECs). Our data demonstrate that HLA-B35 expression at physiological levels via adenoviral vector resulted in significantly increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) and a significantly decreased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), mRNA, and protein levels. Furthermore, HLA-B35 greatly upregulated expression of chaperones, including heat shock proteins (HSPs) HSP70 (HSPA1A and HSPA1B) and HSP40 (DNAJB1 and DNAJB9), suggesting that HLA-B35 induces the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response in ECs. Examination of selected mediators of the unfolded protein response, including H chain binding protein (BiP; GRP78), C/Ebp homologous protein (CHOP; GADD153), endoplasmic reticulum oxidase, and protein disulfide isomerase has revealed a consistent increase of BiP expression levels. Accordingly, thapsigargin, a known ER stress inducer, stimulated ET-1 mRNA and protein levels in ECs. This study suggests that HLA-B35 could contribute to EC dysfunction via ER stress-mediated induction of ET-1 in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:HLA-B35 upregulates endothelin-1 and downregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase via endoplasmic reticulum stress response in endothelial cells. 2033 27