Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P11021 (BiP)
 2,049 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone and stress protein BiP has hitherto been considered as having only crucial intracellular cell protective functions. However, we have shown that BiP can be present in the extracellular environment and that it binds to a putative but as yet uncloned cell surface receptor. It will stimulate human monocytes via this receptor to express a gene profile that is anti-inflammatory. It will generate T cells with a regulatory function from human peripheral blood most likely by altering dendritic cell development. Intravenous BiP will both prevent and treat ongoing collagen induced arthritis in the DBA/1 mouse. Part of the suppression of arthritis is linked to interleukin (IL)4 as BiP-specific lymph node and spleen cells from these mice secrete IL4, and BiP has no suppressive effect on collagen induced arthritis in IL4 knockout mice. Lymph node and spleen cells isolated from mice administered intravenous BiP will suppress arthritis when transferred intravenously into recipient arthritic mice without any further BiP having to be given. Thus, both in vitro work with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in vivo work in the collagen arthritis model lead to the conclusion that BiP induces regulatory cells. Finally, intravenous BiP will ablate the inflammatory cell infiltrate and inflammatory cytokine expression in rheumatoid synovial membrane tissue transplanted subcutaneously into SCID mice. The conclusion from all this experimental work is that BiP may be a novel therapy for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:BiP, an anti-inflammatory ER protein, is a potential new therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 1857 76

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne pathogen and a major cause of liver disease worldwide. Gene expression profiling was used to characterize the transcriptional response to HCV H77c infection. Evidence is presented for activation of innate antiviral signaling pathways as well as induction of lipid metabolism genes, which may contribute to oxidative stress. We also found that infection of chimeric SCID/Alb-uPA mice by HCV led to signs of hepatocyte damage and apoptosis, which in patients plays a role in activation of stellate cells, recruitment of macrophages, and the subsequent development of fibrosis. Infection of chimeric mice with HCV H77c also led an inflammatory response characterized by infiltration of monocytes and macrophages. There was increased apoptosis in HCV-infected human hepatocytes in H77c-infected mice but not in mice inoculated with a replication incompetent H77c mutant. Moreover, TUNEL reactivity was restricted to HCV-infected hepatocytes, but an increase in FAS expression was not. To gain insight into the factors contributing specific apoptosis of HCV infected cells, immunohistological and confocal microscopy using antibodies for key apoptotic mediators was done. We found that the ER chaperone BiP/GRP78 was increased in HCV-infected cells as was activated BAX, but the activator of ER stress-mediated apoptosis CHOP was not. We found that overall levels of NF-kappaB and BCL-xL were increased by infection; however, within an infected liver, comparison of infected cells to uninfected cells indicated both NF-kappaB and BCL-xL were decreased in HCV-infected cells. We conclude that HCV contributes to hepatocyte damage and apoptosis by inducing stress and pro-apoptotic BAX while preventing the induction of anti-apoptotic NF-kappaB and BCL-xL, thus sensitizing hepatocytes to apoptosis.
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PMID:HCV induces oxidative and ER stress, and sensitizes infected cells to apoptosis in SCID/Alb-uPA mice. 1924 62