Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P10721 (c-kit)
 6,575 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has only limited sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of the study was to determine if members of the anthraquinone family could be used as adjuncts to increase the growth inhibiting effect of anticancer agents in MCC. An adherent variant of MCC was derived from a previously established MCC cell line suspension. Cells were characterized by immunocytochemical methods using specific antibodies against epithelial (low molecular weight cytokeratins and cytokeratin 20) and neuroendocrine (neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament protein, chromogranin A and synaptophysin) antigens. Emodin and aloe-emodin, members of the anthraquinone family, inhibited proliferation of the adherent MCC cells, with a slight advantage of aloe-emodin over emodin. Aloin had no effect on cell proliferation. The chemotherapeutic agents, cis-platinol (abiplastin), doxorubicin (adriablastin), and 5-fluorouracil, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI 571, all independently inhibited the proliferation of adherent MCC cells. The addition of aloe-emodin potentiated their inhibitory effect, especially when low concentrations of the anticancer compounds were used. The antiproliferative action of STI 571 may be associated with the presence of anti-c-kit antibodies. The combined use of anticancer agents, especially at low concentrations, and aloe-emodin may be considered a preferable means for treating MCC.
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PMID:Combined effect of aloe-emodin and chemotherapeutic agents on the proliferation of an adherent variant cell line of Merkel cell carcinoma. 1465 28

Plexiform schwannoma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor composed exclusively of schwann cells arranged in a plexiform pattern. Most plexiform schwannomas are skin tumors and there has been only one case report of this tumor originating in the colon. We describe herein the first known case of plexiform schwannoma of the small intestine occurring without any relationship to schwannomatosis or neurofibromatosis. A 57-year-old man presented with a short history of abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stool after each meal. Jejunography demonstrated multiple nodular tumors in the small intestine. We resected the small intestine laparoscopically. The tumors consisted of multiple white nodules in the submucosal and subserosal layers. Microscopic examination revealed that each tumor was composed mainly of Antony A tissue, compatible with conventional schwannoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumors were positive for S-100, vimentin, and neuron-specific enolase, and negative for HHF35, Alpha-SMA, and c-kit. No evidence of recurrence has been found in 38 months of follow-up.
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PMID:Plexiform schwannoma of the small intestine: report of a case. 1466 89

To confirm the usefulness of an immunohistochemical panel of antibodies for KIT (c-kit/CD117), CD34, desmin, smooth-muscle actin (SMA), h-caldesmon (HCD), S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and beta-catenin, 297 mesenchymal and peripheral nerve-sheath tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and intra-abdominal locations including 211 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 12 leiomyomas, 18 leiomyosarcomas, 17 solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs), 14 schwannomas, and 25 desmoid-type fibromatoses (DTFs) were analyzed immunohistochemically. Consistent (100%) immunoreactivity for KIT, CD34, desmin and S-100, and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin were detected in GISTs, SFTs, smooth-muscle tumors, schwannomas, and DTFs, respectively. Immunoreactivity for SMA, HCD, and NSE was observed in a wide range of these tumors. In addition, 418 bone and soft tissue tumors were enrolled in this study for KIT immunostaining. As a result, a limited number of these tumors were KIT positive, including synovial sarcoma that showed morphological similarity to GISTs. These findings suggest that KIT, CD34, desmin, S-100, and beta-catenin are key markers for clinical diagnosis of GISTs and other spindle cell tumors that may involve the gastrointestinal tract, whereas SMA, HCD, and NSE have only limited value.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and other spindle cell tumors in the gastrointestinal tract based on immunohistochemical analysis. 1523 41

Stromal tumors are singled out from smooth muscle and neurogenic neoplasms into a special group due to differences in CD117 expression caused by mutation of c-kit gene. Out of 57 stromal tumors, 37 (64,9%) located in the stomach, 17 (29,8%) in the small intestine and 3 (5,3%) in the colon. Immunohistochemically, all the tumors expressed CD117 and vimentine. Smooth muscle actin was found in 82% tumors, S-100 protein in 75%, neuron-specific enolase in 66% cases. Malignant tumors were in 93% cases, and in 7% benign. Metastases were observed in 47.7% cases, recurrences in 14%. The liver was most frequent site of metastases (88.9%), peritoneum (51.9%). 21% patients died of progression of the underlying disease during the follow-up of 6-60 months.
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PMID:[Morphological characteristics of stromal gastrointestinal tumors]. 1654 28

An 11-year-old female Yorkshire terrier was presented to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center for evaluation of a palpable intra-abdominal mass and alopecia. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large, complex, cavitary mass in the left caudal region of the abdomen. A fine needle aspirate of the mass was collected. A population of markedly pleomorphic, large, round to polygonal cells were found singly and in small noncohesive aggregates. The cells contained scant, clear to blue-gray cytoplasm, large, round to oval nuclei, and distinctly stippled to reticular chromatin. Cytologic findings were consistent with a tumor of ovarian origin, with a primary differential diagnosis of germ cell tumor. Hormonal analysis of serum revealed a marked increase in 14-OH-progesterone concentration (2.71 ng/mL, reference interval 0.05-0.69 ng/mL). Ovariohysterectomy was performed, and the mass was found to be in the area of the left ovary. Histologic evaluation of the reproductive tract confirmed a diagnosis of left ovarian dysgerminoma. Based on immunohistochemical stains, the tumor was negative for c-kit (CD117c) and single cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase. A right ovarian cyst and squamous metaplasia of the right uterine horn also were diagnosed. The cyst was presumed to be the source of 14-OH-progesterone, which likely resulted in the squamous metaplasia and dermatopathy. Three months after surgery, the progesterone concentration had returned to normal and the alopecia had nearly resolved. Dysgerminomas in dogs are reported rarely, but have a distinctive, recognizable, cytologic appearance and should be included in the differential diagnosis of an intra-abdominal mass in a reproductively intact female dog.
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PMID:Intra-abdominal mass aspirate from an alopecic dog. 1678 26

A well-circumscribed mass 70 x 35 x 28 cm in size and 41 kg in weight was detected at necropsy in a male adult horse within the omentum major without any association to the gastrointestinal tract. The tumor consisted of multiple white-to-yellow lobules and displayed a firm consistency. In addition, multiple cysts filled with blood-like fluid, and multifocal areas of necrosis were observed. Histologically, the mass consisted of slightly pleomorphic spindloid-shaped cells arranged in interlacing bundles containing elongated nuclei with blunt ends. The majority of tumor cells revealed a positive immunoreaction for alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and neuron-specific enolase and were negative for S-100, factor VIII-related antigen, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Few tumor cells showed expression of desmin and c-kit. On the basis of macroscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry, an omental leiomyoma was diagnosed.
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PMID:Omental leiomyoma in a male adult horse. 1784 51

A 73-year-old Japanese woman was referred for examination of right flank pain and progressive hypertension. Abdominal CT incidentally detected a right adrenal mass 8 cm in size. The tumor exhibited isodensity by CT and contained high-intense lesion by T2-weighted MRI. Scintigraphy with (131) I-metaiodobenzylguanidine and (131) I-adosterol showed no abnormal uptake by whole body scan. Positron emission tomography scan with (18) F-2-fluoro-D-deoxyglucose demonstrated an exclusive uptake in the right adrenal mass. Adrenocortical hormone levels and catecholamine secretion were within normal range; however, the level of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was found to be markedly high. After controlling systemic blood pressure with an alpha1-blocker, the right adrenal tumor was surgically removed, along with the right kidney and inferior vena cava which adhered to it. The tumor was pathologically proven to be leiomyosarcoma, which was immunohistochemically positive with alpha-smooth muscle actin and negative with CD57, S-100 and c-kit proteins. Notably, NSE protein was massively expressed in the resected tumor. After surgery blood pressure was controlled with regular medication and serum NSE levels have since normalized. The possibility of leiomyosarcoma should be kept in mind in adrenal incidentalomas with rapid growth and atypical radiological images. Our findings suggest that circulating NSE levels may be clinically useful for early detection of recurrence.
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PMID:A rare tumor in the adrenal region: neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-producing leiomyosarcoma in an elderly hypertensive patient. 1825 May 40

Various studies have described abnormalities of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in tissue samples from patients with chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The distribution of density of the different cell types of the ENS was however not studied in a systematic way. The aim of this study was to examine the density of neurons, enteroglial cells and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the different plexuses of the ENS in samples from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and controls. Tissue samples from 16 patients with CD (ileum) and 16 patients with UC obtained in involved and non-involved areas were studied using immunohistochemistry with antibodies directed against neuron-specific enolase, S100, C-Kit and CD3. Sections were analysed blindly by two pathologists and the number of positive cells was counted for each type. Overall, an increase was noted for neuronal cell bodies, enteroglia and ICC in the deep muscular plexus in CD. In uninvolved areas of CD patients, the number of enteroglial cells was decreased. In UC, an increase of ICC in the muscularis propria and enteroglial cells was observed in diseased tissue. The study confirms the presence of abnormalities of the different cells of the ENS in IBD. The presence of lesions in samples from uninvolved areas, such as a reduction of enteroglia, supports a pathogenetic role of the ENS.
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PMID:Enteric nervous system abnormalities in inflammatory bowel diseases. 1849 26

A 17-year-old, gelded Quarter Horse cross was found to have a large, intra-abdominal mass. Clinical signs included infrequent mild colic, weight loss, and chronic anemia. Surgery revealed a very large, discrete, hemorrhagic, multilobular mass with vascular attachments to the transverse colon, mesocolon, jejunal mesentery, and omentum; the site of origin was the transverse colon. Histologic examination demonstrated dense sheets, fascicles, palisades, and interconnecting streams of neoplastic spindle cells with lesser numbers of admixed multinucleated giant cells. Based on morphology alone, this neoplasm might have been misdiagnosed as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor because many of the morphologic features were suggestive of neural differentiation. Neoplastic cells expressed cluster of differentiation (CD)117 (c-kit), vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, neuron-specific enolase, and S-100 protein and did not express cytokeratin. Based predominantly on the immunohistochemical profile, especially the CD117 positivity, this neoplasm was diagnosed as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor with both myogenic and neurogenic differentiation. The morphology and immunohistochemical profile of this neoplasm were different from published cases of equine gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Unusual aspects included the large size of this neoplasm, the neuroid rather than myxomatous morphology, the presence of multinucleated giant cells, and the expression of desmin.
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PMID:An atypical equine gastrointestinal stromal tumor. 1940 97

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are morphologically and functionally intercalated between the elements of the enteric nervous system and the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the musculature of the digestive tract. Kit immunohistochemistry reliably identifies the location of these cells and provides information on changes in ICC distribution and density. Human oesophagus specimens (7 embryos, 23 fetuses at 7-27 weeks gestational age; both sexes) were exposed to Kit antibodies to determine ICC differentiation. Enteric plexuses were examined immunohistochemically by using anti-neuron-specific enolase, whereas the differentiation of SMCs was studied with antibodies against alpha-smooth-muscle actin and desmin. By week 7, c-kit-immunopositive cells were present along the entire oesophagus in the form of an uninterrupted layer around the myenteric plexus (MP) elements. From the beginning of the 3rd month, the number of ICC progressively decreased around the MP ganglia but increased within the muscle layers. Concomitantly, differences in the number and distribution of ICC were established in the various portions of the oesophagus: specifically, ICC were abundant in the lower portion, less numerous in the middle region and rare in the upper part. By the 5th month of development, the relationship as found in later developmental stages had been established: C-kit IR ICC were present within the circular muscle layer, within the longitudinal layer and in the connective septa surrounding the muscle bundles but were completely missing around the MP ganglia.
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PMID:C-kit-immunopositive interstitial cells of Cajal in human embryonal and fetal oesophagus. 2043 20


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