Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P10415 (Bcl-2)
 33,771 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various media and Ca2+ concentrations are employed to culture neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We have therefore explored the effects of extracellular calcium concentrations on the survival, proliferation, spontaneous apoptosis and self-renewal capacity of mesencephalic NPCs grown adherently and as free-floating neurospheres. We employed EMEM supplemented with various concentrations of extracellular CaCl2 (0.1-1 mM). Raising the calcium concentration from 0.1 mM to 0.6 mM resulted in an increased number of NPCs growing as a monolayer and increased the protein yield of cells growing in neurospheres (24+/-3 microg total proteins in 0.1 mM Ca2+ medium vs. 316+/-34 microg proteins in 1 mM Ca2+ medium). Concentrations more than 0.6 mM did not result in a further improvement of proliferation or survival. Elimination of calcium from our control medium by 1 mM EGTA resulted in a decrease in cell number from 82+/-2 x 10(4) NPCs/ml observed in control medium to 62+/-2 x 10(4) NPCs/ml observed in calcium-free media. Protein yield dropped significantly in calcium-free media, accompanied by the decreased expression of the proliferation marker PCNA and the pro-survival marker Bcl-2. Two weeks of expansion as neurospheres caused spontaneous cell death in more than 90% of NPCs grown in 0.1 mM CaCl2 EMEM compared with 42% in 1 mM CaCl2 EMEM. Although the action of Ca2+ on NPCs appears to be complex, the presented data strongly suggest that extracellular calcium plays a crucial role in the maintenance of NPCs in a healthy and proliferating state; physiological concentrations (>1.0 mM) are not required, a concentration of 0.5 mM being adequate for cell maintenance.
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PMID:Low extracellular calcium is sufficient for survival and proliferation of murine mesencephalic neural precursor cells. 1650 98

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (Stat5a) modulates genes involved in proliferation and survival and plays pivotal roles in regulating the function of the mammary gland during pregnancy, lactation, and involution. However, there is little information about the effects of Stat5a on apoptosis of goat mammary gland epithelial cells (GMECs). In addition, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a key regulator in cellular calcium transport, mammary gland development and breast tumor biology. This study aimed to explore the interaction of Stat5a and PTHrP in GMEC apoptosis. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) suggested that Stat5a was predominantly expressed in the mammary gland, lung, liver and spleen of goats. Treating the GMECs with pimozide, an inhibitor of Stat5a that decreases Stat5a tyrosine phosphorylation, increased PTHrP levels in GMECs in a dose-dependent manner and simultaneously promoted apoptosis of the GMECs. We also demonstrated that PTHrP inhibition induced GMEC apoptosis and restrained cell proliferation. In contrast, PTHrP overexpression protected GMECs from pimozide- and calcium-induced apoptosis, and promoted cell proliferation. Furthermore, pimozide and CaCl2 downregulated the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 mRNA expression, respectively, and these effects were protected by PTHrP overexpression. Interestingly, we also found that Stat5a suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) which can induce goat mammary epithelial cell migration, but PTHrP increased MMP-9 mRNA level. Thus, Stat5a may regulate GMEC survival by regulating the expression of PTHrP.
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PMID:Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a inhibited by pimozide may regulate survival of goat mammary gland epithelial cells by regulating parathyroid hormone-related protein. 2519 99