Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P10415 (Bcl-2)
 33,771 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bcl-2 gene family plays a significant role in the propagation of cell survival and tissue modeling. Bcl-2 was originally described in follicular lymphomas and is associated with the suppresion of cellular apoptosis. Evaluation for this protein has been performed for a variety of benign and malignant cutaneous tumors but not to any significant extent on inflammatory disorders. Therefore, we stained biopsy specimens from diseases with interface inflammation (lichen planus, acute graft-versus-host disease, and erythema multiforme) for Bcl-2. Epidermal expression of this protein was minimal for all three diseases; however, lymphocytes stained prominently in lichen planus. The data suggest that Bcl-2 is not prominently involved in the epidermal changes in these diseases. The role of other members of this oncogene family in interface dermatitis still needs to be elucidated.
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PMID:Expression of bcl-2 in lichen planus, acute graft-versus-host disease, and erythema multiforme. 905 54

Hypothesizing that loss of basal cells in oral lichen planus is due to apoptosis, we evaluated LP specimens for apoptosis-regulating proteins [positive regulators Bcl-xS, Bax, Fas/Fas-ligand, p53, and negative regulators (anti-apoptotic) Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and compared results with reactions in normal mucosa and chronically inflamed gingiva. Also, sections were evaluated with an in situ TUNEL assay that identifies apoptotic DNA fragments. Basal keratinocytes in normal buccal mucosa, nonspecific gingivitis, and LP were negative for Bcl-2 protein, but melanocytes and lymphoid cells were positive. Keratinocyte staining for Bcl-x was negative to weak in normal buccal mucosa and gingivitis, and moderate in LP. Keratinocytes (especially upper prickle cells) in all tissues stained similarly for Bax at weak to moderate levels. Also, no differences in Fas and Fas-ligand staining were evident. Prominent p53-positive staining was seen in all LP biopsies (10-100% of basal keratinocytes) but not in normal buccal mucosa and gingivitis. Few basal keratinocytes in 5/10 LP cases exhibited a positive in situ signal for DNA fragment-associated apoptosis. That the Bcl-2 family of proteins and Fas/Fas-ligand were detected in normal and diseased tissues, and were occasionally expressed differently in oral LP, supports the notion that apoptosis is a potential mechanism of keratinocyte loss, especially in LP. The pattern of p53 staining in oral LP suggests over-expression of wild-type protein; a phenomenon that would arrest the cell cycle to allow repair of damaged DNA, or trigger apoptosis. While immunohistochemical evidence for apoptosis-associated basal keratinocyte death in LP was slight, it appeared that it may be p53 protein, and possibly Bcl-x associated.
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PMID:Apoptosis-associated markers in oral lichen planus. 989 Apr 58

Apoptosis appears to be the mode of cell death by which damaged cells are removed from the lesional tissue in oral lichen planus (OLP). In the present study, OLP biopsies were immunohistochemically evaluated for TNF-alpha and apoptosis-regulating proteins in an attempt to compare their phenotypic expression. Deparaffinized tissue sections from 22 OLP and 10 control oral biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically stained with anti-Bcl-2, anti-Bcl-x, anti-Bax and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies. Keratinocytes did not show any immunoreactivity for Bcl-2, while a uniform intense staining for this protein was evident in the lymphocytic infiltrate of OLP specimens. Immunoreactivity for TNF-alpha was seen in 17/22 OLP cases. All control tissues were TNF-alpha negative, thus indicating a possible involvement of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of OLP The differences in the staining intensities of Bcl-x and Bax between OLP and normal epithelium were slight; therefore an obvious association of the phenotypic TNF-alpha expression with these apoptosis-regulating proteins was not apparent.
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PMID:TNF-alpha expression and apoptosis-regulating proteins in oral lichen planus: a comparative immunohistochemical evaluation. 1097 45

Although the pathogenesis of leukoplakia has been unclear, carcinogenic transformation is postulated to result from alterations of apoptotic signal transduction proteins in epithelial cells. The pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) has also been unclear, but apoptotic changes of the epithelial cells in OLP have been reported. In the present study, we used a histochemical approach to describe human keratinocyte-expression of several apoptotic signaling proteins in leukoplakia, in OLP, and in normal oral mucosa as a control. Mucosal biopsies from patients with leukoplakia (n=13), OLP (n=10), and normal oral mucosa (n=9) were frozen, sectioned and immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to wild-type (wt) tumor suppressive protein p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 and the oncoproteins MDM2, and Bcl-2. Apoptosis was assessed in all cases by the TUNEL method. MDM2 and Bcl-2 expression in keratinocytes were quantitatively greater in leukoplakia than in OLP. Wt-p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was quantitatively greater in keratinocytes in OLP than in leukoplakia. Keratinocyte maturation appeared histologically normal in OLP, even though wt-p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 were expressed in these cells. Altered keratinocyte maturation was seen in leukoplakia lesions expressing MDM2 and Bcl-2. No significant difference for the number of apoptotic epithelial cells was observed between leukoplakia and OLP, in spite of the divergent outcomes of the apoptotic signaling proteins.
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PMID:Expression of apoptotic signaling proteins in leukoplakia and oral lichen planus: quantitative and topographical studies. 1097 47

The aim of this study was immunolabeling oncoproteins Ck14, p53, p21 and Bcl-2 in order to evaluate their expression in premalignant and malignant stomatological lesions in oral epithelial, and to compare this expression with exfoliative cytology alterations in the same patients. It was studied biopsies and cytologies of 13 subjects with oral lichen planus, with or without Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma clinically diagnosed and confirmed by anatomopathological studies. The oral lichen planus lesion presented binuclei orange cells; and in leukoplakia lesions only orange stained was observed; meanwhile koilocytes, inflammatory cells, enlarge nuclear volume and pathogenic microorganisms were observed in the HPV infections and squamous cells carcinoma (SCC). The Ck14, p53, p21 and Bcl-2 proteins were found modified in the leukoplakia, oral lichen planus and cancer. Cytological alterations and positive immunolabeling or over-expression of Ck14 cytokeratine in the upper epithelial stratus should be indicator of malignant transformations as doing subsequence exams.
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PMID:Valuation of exfoliative cytology as prediction factor in oral mucosa lesions. 1599 78

Oral cancer accounts for 40 to 50% of cancers diagnosed in India. Oral cancer is preceeded in most cases by pre malignant lesions-leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis and lichen planus. Stoppage of causative agents reverts premalignant lesions in some of the cases only. Thus anti oxidant therapy is being used to revert premalignant change to normal. Few studies available, have taken clinical parameters as indicators of response to therapy. Extensive medline search failed to reveal any study at the cellular level. This study attempts to investigate for the first time the role of p53 and bcl2 as markers of prognosis following vitamin A therapy. 24 cases of pre malignant lesions of oral cavity were studied. 1 lakh IU of vitamin A were given orally twice a week for 3 months. Biopsies were done before and after therapy. Haematoxylin and Eosin stain was done to confirm diagnosis. Immunostaining for mutant p53 and bcl2 was done on paraffin sections. 500 cells were counted over an average of 5 HPF and percentage positivity was calculated. Statistical analysis was done by applying the paired t tests. In 19 cases (79.2%) of premalignant lesions mutant p53 expression was zero before therapy, and remained unchanged even after the therapy. 3 cases (12.5%) had high mutant p53 values which reduced following therapy (p = 0.037). Therapy thus proved effective in these cases. However, in 2 cases (8.3%) pre therapy values of zero showed an increase after vitamin A therapy. These were the cases which had dysplasia and were chronic smokers. In 2 cases (8.3%) pre therapy values of bcl2 were zero and remained unchanged even after therapy and these cases did not stop smoking even during the vitamin A therapy. In 12 cases (50.0%) higher pre therapy values were reduced after therapy (p < 0.0001). Vitamin A therapy was effective in these cases. However, in 10 cases (42.0%) expression of bcl2 increased subsequent to therapy. Therapy failed in these cases because of chronic heavy smoking and tobacco chewing. Thus, in the majority of cases vitamin A was effective in preventing mutation of p53 (91.7%) and expression of bcl2 (58.0%). In effect, these two oncoproteins can be used as prognostic markers and follow up for anti oxidant therapy.
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PMID:Role of p53 and bcl2 as markers of vitamin A response in premalignant lesions of the oral cavity. 1747 47

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of probable immune-based etiology. The pathogenesis of LP is unclear, but apoptotic changes in epidermal (epithelial) cells have been reported. Destruction of the basal cell layer is observed and many changes in cell proliferation, cell repair and cell death occur in the injured mucosal epithelium. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of bax and bcl-2 in oral lichen planus (OLP), well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (WOSCC) and normal mucosa. Sixty one paraffin-embedded biopsy including 11 cases of WOSCC, 30 cases of OLP (n=15 erosive OLP [OLP-E], n=15 reticular OLP [OLP-R]) and 20 normal mucosa were entered in our research. We used immunohistochemistry staining method for assessing bax and bcl-2 expression in epithelial layers. The percentage of stained cells was estimated in 5 randomized microscopic fields and classified as (-): 0%, (+) :< 10%, (++): 10-25%, (+++): 26-50%, (++++): > 50% positive cells. The data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney, Chi Square, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Significant differences in bax expression were observed among OLP, WOSCC compared to normal mucosa (P=0.008). No significant difference in bax expression between OLP-E and OLP-R compared to WOSCC was seen (P>0.05). Bcl-2 was negative for all OLP and normal mucosa samples, and weak positivity was observed in WOSCC samples. According to the findings of our study, it may be possible to correlate the difference of bax and bcl-2 expression levels among the mentioned lesions to the malignant potential of OLP.
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PMID:Assessment of bax and bcl-2 immunoexpression in patients with oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. 2455 4