UNIPROT:P10145 - FACTA Search

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Query: UNIPROT:P10145 (IL-8)
23,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) treatment has demonstrated promising antitumour activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and malignant melanoma (MM) and has been shown to induce broad immunological effects. The optimal IL-2 dose and schedule, however, still remain to be defined. We studied a treatment protocol consisting of five repetitive cycles of high-dose recombinant (rh) IL-2 (24 x 10(6) U/m2/day) administered weekly on two consecutive days by continuous intravenous infusion. 17/19 were RCC patients, 2 of whom responded with a complete remission (CR) and 3 with a partial response (PR) (CR + PR: 29%; median response duration of 11.5+ months (range: 3-14 months)). IL-2 induced a pronounced increase of lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-5, gamma-IFN, TNF- alpha and TNF-beta (p < 0.05) that peaked in cycle 3. With subsequent therapy, serum levels of these cytokines, NK, T cells and eosinophils decreased, whereas serum IL-10 levels progressively increased with maximum levels achieved after the fifth week of treatment, suggesting that it may be involved in dampening the inflammatory response induced by IL-2. Absolute numbers of activated T cells and NK cells remained elevated as compared to baseline for at least 4 weeks after treatment cessation. Based on these observations, future scheduling of IL-2 will be done at 3 weekly 2-day cycles separated by a week 4 treatment-free interval in order to increase further the 29% objective response rate achieved in this study.
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PMID:Clinical and immunomodulatory effects of repetitive 2-day cycles of high-dose continuous infusion IL-2. 937 86

Chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients have defects in cell-mediated immunity. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this immunodeficiency, we studied the production of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HD patients. PBMC from 22 HD patients and 20 healthy controls were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD). Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Only 64% of HD patients had a positive tuberculin skin test compared to 90% of normal Japanese controls. HD patients showed a diminished proliferative response to PHA. Compared to healthy controls, stimulated PBMC from HD patients produced similar amounts of T cell-derived cytokines (interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)), but greater amounts of monocyte-derived inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-8) and a regulatory cytokine (IL-10). IL-10 production was positively correlated with IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in healthy controls, whereas no correlation was observed in HD patients. Abnormal cytokine production by monocytes may contribute to the immunodeficiency seen in HD patients.
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PMID:Increased production of interleukin-10 and inflammatory cytokines in blood monocytes of hemodialysis patients. 943 12

In a recent phase I study of inhalative, human natural interleukin-2 (hnIL-2) treatment of pulmonary metastases from previously resected solid tumors (mainly renal carcinoma), we have reported that this treatment resulted in an increased accessory function of alveolar macrophages (AM) [1]. Encouraged by these data, we investigated the influence of hnIL-2 inhalation on proinflammatory cytokines spontaneously released by AM. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in four groups, each of four patients, before and after 2 weeks of daily inhalation of 0, 200,000, 600,000 and 1,200,000 IU of hnIL-2, respectively. Bronchoalveolar cells were cultured without stimulation to allow spontaneous release over a period of 24 h, into the supernatant. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) were determined by the ELISA technique. Before hnIL-2 inhalation, we measured the following spontaneous cytokine release: TNF-alpha: 1,115.4 +/- 469.1 pg/ml, IL-6: 267.5 +/- 67.7 pg/ml cells, IL-8: 137.8 +/- 40.5 ng/ml, MIP-1alpha: 9.5 +/- 6.8 ng/ml. Inhalation of hnIL-2 did not result in any significant changes in these cytokines. Comparing TNF-alpha release in healthy controls (250.6 +/- 46.7 pg/ml) with that of tumor patients (1,115.4 +/- 469.1 pg/ml), we observed significantly (p < 0.05) elevated TNF-alpha levels in the patient group, which did not change significantly in response to IL-2 inhalation. Our data demonstrate that the activation of AM previously observed after hnIL-2 inhalation is not directly related to a hnIL-2-induced cytokine release by bronchoalveolar cells.
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PMID:Spontaneous and interleukin-2-modulated cytokine release by bronchoalveolar cells in pulmonary malignancy. 945 20

Immunoglobulin E plays a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Therefore an understanding of mechanisms which regulate production of IgE is very important. Recent studies have demonstrated that the induction of IgE synthesis in B cells requires two signals. The first one, IgE isotype-specific, is delivered by interleukins 4 or 13 and results in epsilon germ line transcription. The second B-cell-activating factor is responsible for switch recombination and expression of mature epsilon RNA transcripts. This signal is delivered by lymphocytes T, but these cells can be replaced by Epstein-Barr virus infection, protein gp39 (CD40L), monoclonal antibodies to CD40 and CD58, membrane-TNF-alpha, as well as corticosteroids. Besides this a variety of factors can modulate the IgE synthesis. Interleukin-2, -5, -6, -9, -10, MIP1-alpha, RANTES and sCD23 enhance the production of IgE whereas PAF, PGE2, IL-8, -12 and 18, IFN-alpha and gamma, TGF-beta, sIL-4R, IL-1Ra, and probably sIL-1R inhibit it. In this article, we review current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the synthesis of IgE in humans, including molecular events and clinical attempts at reduction of the total IgE level in patients with allergic diseases.
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PMID:[Regulation of immunoglobulin E synthesis]. 948 97

The alpha-chemokine receptor CXCR4 has recently been shown to support syncytium formation mediated by strains of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) that have been selected for growth in the Crandell feline kidney cell line (CrFK-tropic virus). Given that both human and feline CXCR4 support syncytium formation mediated by FIV, we investigated whether human stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1) would inhibit infection with FIV. Human SDF-1alpha and SDF-1beta bound with a high affinity (K(D)s of 12.0 and 10.4 nM, respectively) to human cells stably expressing feline CXCR4, and treatment of CrFK cells with human SDF-1alpha resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of infection by FIV(PET). No inhibitory activity was detected when the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent feline T-cell line Mya-1 was used in place of CrFK cells, suggesting the existence of a CXCR4-independent mechanism of infection. Furthermore, neither the human beta-chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and MCP-1 nor the alpha-chemokine IL-8 had an effect on infection of either CrFK or Mya-1 cells with CrFK-tropic virus. Envelope glycoprotein purified from CrFK-tropic virus competed specifically for binding of SDF-1alpha to feline CXCR4 and CXCR4 expression was reduced in FIV-infected cells, suggesting that the inhibitory activity of SDF-1alpha in CrFK cells may be the result of steric hindrance of the virus-receptor interaction following the interaction between SDF and CXCR4. Prolonged incubation of CrFK cells with SDF-1alpha led to an enhancement rather than an inhibition of infection. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that this effect may be due largely to up-regulation of CXCR4 expression by SDF-1alpha on CrFK cells, an effect mimicked by treatment of the cells with phorbol myristate acetate. The data suggest that infection of feline cells with FIV can be mediated by CXCR4 and that, depending on the assay conditions, infection can be either inhibited or enhanced by SDF-1alpha. Infection with FIV may therefore prove a valuable model in which to study the development of novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of AIDS.
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PMID:Modulation of feline immunodeficiency virus infection by stromal cell-derived factor. 949 65

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15 exert similar biological actions, which largely reflect the fact that their receptors share common beta and gamma subunits; in contrast, distinct subunits are required for high-affinity binding of either cytokine to a heterotrimeric receptor complex. Human neutrophils are known to express both the beta and gamma subunits of the IL-2/IL-15 receptor complex, and we now report that they also constitutively express messenger RNA transcripts encoding the IL-15 receptor chain, suggesting that they possess functional, heterotrimeric IL-15 receptors. Accordingly, we show that in neutrophils, IL-15 elicits several functional responses. In particular, neutrophils synthesize and release IL-8 in response to IL-15, but not to IL-2. Moreover, a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA-binding activity was enhanced in nuclear extracts of IL-15-treated neutrophils, which could be supershifted by antibodies to p50 or RelA. Again, no detectable effect of IL-2 was observed on this response. In peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), however, both IL-2 and IL-15 were potent inducers of NF-kappaB activation. Conversely, neither IL-15 nor IL-2 elicited the formation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA-binding complexes in neutrophils, even though both cytokines were found to activate these DNA-binding activities in PBL. Collectively, these observations establish neutrophils as a useful cellular model to discriminate between the actions of IL-15 and IL-2. More importantly, this is the first demonstration that IL-15 has the ability to induce NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation, which further emphasizes the potential relevance of this newly discovered cytokine to immune and inflammatory processes.
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PMID:Interleukin-15 (IL-15) induces NF-kappaB activation and IL-8 production in human neutrophils. 984 50

Differential cDNA displays between hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent non-malignant tissues have previously detected a PCR product, hIRH (human intercrine reduced in hepatomas), equivalent to SDF1alpha/PBSF whose mRNA was lost from human hepatocellular carcinoma and other malignant and pre-malignant samples and malignant cell lines. There are no reports to date of the mRNA status of the receptor for hIRH/SDF1alpha/PBSF, CXCR4 in malignant tissues. We report here that there is a reduction in the mRNA expression of CXCR4 in hepatocellular carcinoma as estimated by Northern blot and RT-PCR and compared to the adjacent non-malignant tissue. The average (mean SD) tumor/normal ratio for CXCR4 mRNA expression, determined by RT-PCR, was 0.65 0.36 in 10 pairs of hepatocellular carcinomas. There was no consistent loss of CXCR4 mRNA expression in a range of malignant cell lines. The 3'-non-coding region of hIRH, had typical early response gene element sequences. Despite the presence of these 3'-elements there was no induction of hIRH gene expression in human lung carcinoma A549 cells by tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2, lipopolysaccharide or phorbol myristic acetate, nor in human melanoma cell line SB-2 by uv irradiation, under conditions which induced the homologue CXC intercrine IL-8 expression. Furthermore, there was no induction of hIRH gene expression, but rather a suppression, upon serum or cytokine addition to serum-deprived fibroblast cell lines, to an in vitro mouse bone marrow preparation, and to monocytic cell line THP-1.
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PMID:Reduced expression of the CXCR4 receptor mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma and lack of inducibility of its ligand alpha-chemokine hIRH/SDF1alpha/PBSF in vitro. 1020 Mar 43

We studied the large-scale production of a variety of natural cytokines during the activation and expansion of human T lymphocytes in a hollow fiber bioreactor culture system. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were activated using phytohemagglutinin plus recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2). Phytohemagglutinin was either present in the hollow fiber bioreactor during the entire 15-16-day culture period or only during the 20-h preactivation of the PBMC in culture bags. The expanding T lymphocytes were mainly CD3+,8+ and exerted maximal natural, activated, bispecific monoclonal antibody-redirected and lectin-dependent cytolytic activities between days 9 and 13 of culture. IL-1 and IL-4 were only produced in low amounts. IL-8 and lymphotoxin were primarily produced during the first week of culture. Harvest of the hollow fiber bioreactor culture supernatant at the time of peak cytokine concentration would have yielded per 10(8) PBMC input between 3.7 and 4.9 micrograms of IL-8 (at days 2 or 3), and between 0.02 and 0.5 microgram of lymphotoxin (at days 6 or 7). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 were produced during the entire culture period of 15 or 16 days: per 10(8) PBMC input, between 0.1 and 0.4 microgram of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (at days 2 or 3) and between 0.03 and 0.5 microgram of IL-6 (at days 15 or 16). Production of interferon-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor started from initiation of cultures onwards to reach peak levels at the end of the 15- or 16-day culture period, yielding at that time between 2.1 and 17.7 micrograms/ml of interferon-gamma and between 0.4 and 4.2 micrograms of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor per 10(8) PBMC input. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, interferon-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was proportional to the extent of lymphocyte multiplication. These results demonstrate the usefulness of hollow fiber bioreactor cultures to produce natural cytokines during the activation and expansion of predominantly CD3+,8+ T lymphocytes.
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PMID:Large-scale production of natural cytokines during activation and expansion of human T lymphocytes in hollow fiber bioreactor cultures. 1040 31

1. The combination of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 reduces the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production, in agreement with the hypothesis that this combination causes glucocorticoid resistance. Whether a general cytokine resistance to glucocorticoids is induced by IL-2 and IL-4 has not been reported. 2. Mononuclear blood cells from healthy individuals were pre-treated with IL-2, IL-4, or IL-2+ IL-4 (31.3-500 U ml(-1)) for 48 h, prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng ml(-1); 20 h) and budesonide addition. Cytokine levels in the supernatants were analysed using specific immunoassays. DNA content was analysed to estimate cell numbers. 3. GM-CSF production was totally inhibited by budesonide at 10(-8) M in vehicle treated cultures, while IL-10 was inhibited to 33.4+/-4.3% of control. IL-2, IL-4, or IL-2 + IL-4 reduced the inhibitory effects of budesonide on GM-CSF to similar levels (23.7 6.7, 31.6+/-8.5 and 35.1+/-4.3% of control, respectively). IL-2, IL-4, or IL-2 + IL-4 also reduced the inhibitory effects of budesonide on IL-10 production (46.5+/-6.6, 55.9+/-7.3%, and 68.3+/-9.9% of control, respectively). In contrast, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-alpha production did not become resistant to budesonide. 4. Thus, glucocorticoid resistance induced by IL-2 and IL-4 is not general at the cytokine production level. While the glucocorticoid sensitivity of GM-CSF and IL-10 production decreased, the sensitivity of IL-8, IL-12 or TNF-alpha production was unchanged. Also, the mixture of IL-2 and IL-4 is not crucial for induction of glucocorticoid resistance of GM-CSF production.
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PMID:IL-2 and IL-4 counteract budesonide inhibition of GM-CSF and IL-10, but not of IL-8, IL-12 or TNF-alpha production by human mononuclear blood cells. 1043 6

The effect of L. acidophilus supplementation to reduce fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts was compared to L. reuteri using C57BL/6 female mice immunosuppressed by murine leukemia virus (strain LP-BM5) inoculation. After 12 weeks post LP-BM5 inoculation, 15 immunosuppressed mice each were randomly assinged to one of the following treatment groups: historical control (group A), LP-BM5 control (group B), C. parvum (group C), L. reuteri plus C. parvum (group D) or L. acidophilus plus C. parvum (group E). Mice were pre-fed the L. reuteri or L. acidophilus bacteria strains daily for 13 days, challenged with C. parvum oocysts and thereafter fed the specified Lactobacillus regimens daily during the experimental period. Animals supplemented with L. reuteri shed fewer (p<0.05) oocysts on day-7 post C. parvum challenge compared to controls. Mice supplemented with L. acidophilus also shed fewer (p<0.05) oocysts on days 7 and 14 post-challenge compared to controls. Overall, Lactobacillus supplementation reduced C. parvum shedding in the feces but failed to suppress the production of T-helper type 2 cytokines [interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-8)] which are associated with immunosuppression. Additionally, Lactobacillus supplementation did not restore T-helper type 1 cytokines (interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which are required for recovery from parasitic infections. Altered T-helper types 1 and 2 cytokine production as a consequence of immunodysfunction permitted the development of persistent cryptosporidiosis while mice with intact immune system were refractory to infection with C. parvum. Reduction in shedding of oocysts observed in the Lactobacillus supplemented mice during deminished IL-2 and IFN-gamma production may be mediated by factors released into the intestinal lumen by the Lactobacillus and possibly other host cellular mechanisms. These observations suggest that L. reuteri or L. acidophilus can reduce C. parvum parasite burdens in the intestinal epithelium during cryptosporidiosis and may serve potential benefits as probiotics for host resistance to intestinal parasitic infections. L. acidophilus was more efficacious in reducing fecal shedding than L. reuteri and therefore may also have implication in the therapy of cryptosporidiosis during immunosuppressive states including human AIDS.
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PMID:Supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri or L. acidophilus reduced intestinal shedding of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in immunodeficient C57BL/6 mice. 1054 81

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