Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P10145 (IL-8)
 23,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leukotriene-generated effects on microvascular integrity and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) play a key role in the inflammatory process of the alveolar-capillary unit in neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome. We asked if intrapulmonary application of MK886, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, and the use of a porcine surfactant preparation (Curosurftrade mark) as a carrier substance would improve lung function in a neonatal piglet model of airway lavage. Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated newborn piglets (n = 19) underwent repeated airway lavage to induce acute lung injury. Piglets then received either surfactant alone (S, n = 6), or MK886 admixed with surfactant (S + MK, n = 7), or an air-bolus injection as control (C, n = 6). Measurements of gas exchange, lung function, extravascular lung water (EVLW), cell counts, and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) were performed during 6 hr of mechanical ventilation. Arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO(2)) (S, 13.8 +/- 4.2 kPa, vs. S + MK, 20 +/- 6.6; P < 0.05), functional residual capacity (S, 15.1 +/- 6.8 ml/kg, vs. S + MK, 18.8 +/- 3.7 ml/kg; P < 0.05), and EVLW (S, 29 +/- 14 ml/kg, vs. S + MK 24 +/- 4 ml/kg; P < 0.05) were significantly improved in the MK886 group. This clinical effect was linked with a decrease in LTB(4) concentration in BAL (S, 3.5 (1.9-5.4) pg/ml, vs. S + MK, 1.6 (0.7-4.7) pg/ml; P < 0.05) and an increase in IL-8 (S, 2,103 (852-4,243) pg/ml, vs. S + MK, 3,815 (940-26,187) pg/ml; P < 0.05). PMNL counts in BAL were reduced (S, 570 +/- 42 cells/ml, vs. 275 +/- 35 cells/ml; P < 0.05). In conclusion, intrapulmonary application of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor MK886 with surfactant as a carrier improves lung function by decreasing EVLW as the main response to LTB(4) reduction.
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PMID:Intrapulmonary application of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor using surfactant as a carrier reduces lung edema in a piglet model of airway lavage. 1654 63

Francisella tularensis is a virulent Gram-negative intracellular pathogen. To address the signaling routes involved in the response of host cells to LPS from F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), experiments were performed in transiently transfected 293 cells. Induction of kappaB-driven transcriptional activity by 2.5 mug ml(-1) F. tularensis LPS isolated by phenol-water and ether-water extraction, was observed in cells transfected with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and MD-2, although CD14 was required for optimal induction. Conversely, TLR2, TLR2/TLR1 or TLR2/TLR6 transfected cells did not show kappaB-driven transcriptional activity in the presence of F. tularensis LPS. In human monocytic cells, F. tularensis LPS activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and the production of pro-inflammatory proteins. Concentrations of 5-10 mug ml(-1) F. tularensis LPS elicited a similar pattern of mRNA and protein induction than 0.1 mug ml(-1) E. coli LPS, including the expression of CXC chemokines (IL-8, Gro and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10); CC chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and -2, macrophage-derived chemoattractant, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and -1beta and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha). Altogether, these data indicate that LPS from F. tularensis LVS signals via TLR4 at higher concentrations than those required for E. coli LPS, which may explain the inflammatory reaction and the low endotoxic response associated to vaccination with LVS in humans.
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PMID:Francisella tularensis LPS induces the production of cytokines in human monocytes and signals via Toll-like receptor 4 with much lower potency than E. coli LPS. 1657 69

A tube culture system was designed for measurement of ethylene evolved by the phytopathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas solanacearum. The system consisted of 10 glass tubes joined together in series and coated on the inside surface with a dextrose-peptone-casamino acids agar medium. The system provided a large surface for bacterial growth in relation to the volume of air. The system was seeded with a bacterial suspension (7 x 10(8) cells/ml) drawn through all the tubes by vacuum applied at one end and was then placed in a water bath at 30 C. Air was pumped through the system at 3 ml/min; the outlet was connected directly to the inlet port of a gas sampling loop and ethylene in the sample was determined by gas chromatography.Maximum rate of ethylene production for a fluidal, virulent isolate of P. solanacearum (K60) was 5.5 x 10(-9) moles/min and occurred at the end of lag phase and beginning of stationary phase. Three other fluidal isolates produced ethylene at relatively low rates (2.4-6.4% that of K60). Avirulent, butyrous variants of these isolates grew as well as the virulent forms in most cases, but ethylene production rates per cell were much lower for the avirulent than for the virulent forms. Loss of virulence appears to be accompanied by lower ethylene production.Peak CO(2) production (14.5 mumoles/min) and O(2) consumption (11.7 mumoles/min) for isolate K60 also occurred at the time when the bacterial culture was entering stationary phase. The concentrations of O(2) (11%) and CO(2) (11%) in air present at this time were thought to be neither limiting nor inhibitory to bacterial growth.
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PMID:Technique for the Determination of the Rate of Ethylene Production by Pseudomonas solanacearum. 1665 72

More than 90% of all publications on endotoxin were carried out with endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) from enterobacteriaceae. We compared the immune stimulatory potency of 11 different LPSs using human whole blood incubations. While the majority of LPSs induced cytokine release equipotently, a 1,000-fold more LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Vibrio cholerae was still less potent in inducing TNF, IL-1 beta, IL-10 and IFN-gamma though it potently induced nanogram quantities IL-8. All LPSs tested, regardless of the micro-organism, showed Toll-like receptor (TLR)4-dependence, except for the LPSs from P. aeruginosa and V. cholerae, which were both TLR4- and TLR2-dependent. Interestingly, UV-inactivated P. aeruginosa bacteria, although Gram-negative, also showed TLR2- and TLR4-dependence. Re-purification of commercial LPS preparations by phenol re-extraction led to a complete loss of the TLR2 dependency, indicating contamination with lipoproteins. In the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, often performed to exclude contamination in purified water likely to originate from P. aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa LPS was only 2-fold less potent than LPS from S. abortus equi or the assay standard LPS from E. coli. This results in an overestimation of pyrogenic burden by a factor of 500 in the sample when compared with the biological activity of highly purified P. aeruginosa LPS in human whole blood.
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PMID:Endotoxin evaluation of eleven lipopolysaccharides by whole blood assay does not always correlate with Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. 1671 88

Little is known about cytokines involved in chronic irritant contact dermatitis. Individual cytokine profiles might explain at least part of the differences in the individual response to irritation. Our objective was to investigate the relation between baseline stratum corneum (SC) cytokine levels and the skin response to a single and a repeated irritation test. This study also aimed to determine changes in SC cytokine levels after repeated irritation. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema were measured in 20 volunteers after single 24-hr exposure to 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and during and after repeated exposure to 0.1% SLS over a 3-week period. SC cytokine levels were measured from an unexposed skin site and from the repeatedly exposed site. Interleukin (IL)-1alpha decreased by 30% after repeated exposure, while IL-1RA increased 10-fold and IL-8 increased fourfold. Baseline IL-1RA and IL-8 values were predictors of TEWL and erythema after single exposure (r = 0.55-0.61). 6 subjects showed barrier recovery during repeated exposure. Baseline IL-1RA and IL-8 levels are likely to be indicators of higher skin irritability after single exposure to SLS. Barrier repair in some of the subjects might explain the lack of agreement between the TEWL response after single and repeated irritation.
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PMID:Stratum corneum cytokines and skin irritation response to sodium lauryl sulfate. 1678 54

Previous studies have suggested that Vigconic VI-28, an anti-aging traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula containing Radix Ginseng and Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, possesses immunological efficacy. This in vitro study further investigated the immunomodulatory effects of the hot water extracts of VI-28. The study included (1) colorimetric 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine proliferation ELISA for estimating mitogenicity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), (2) immunofluorescence staining for measuring the expression of IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25) on lymphocytes, (3) cytometric bead array (CBA) for quantifying cytokine liberation from PBMC, and (4) intracellular immunophenotyping for macrophage phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production from monocytes. The results demonstrated that VI-28 (1) could dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-activated PBMC but enhanced the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-activated PBMC at concentrations of <1 mg/mL, (2) significantly augmented the expression of CD25 on lymphocytes at concentrations of 0.4 mg/mL or above (p < 0.05), (3) dose dependently (0.1-1.0 mg/mL) activated macrophage phagocytosis and monocyte synthesis of H(2)O(2) and (4) significantly increased the production of cytokines IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-1beta at various concentrations of VI-28 (p < 0.05). The results suggest that VI-28 is a potential immunomodulator which probably acts through the activation of lymphocytes and monocytes.
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PMID:In vitro immunomodulatory activities of a newly concocted traditional Chinese medicine formula: VI-28. 1690 39

In Korea and China, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica has been used as a traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of difficulty in urination, skin inflammation, etc. In order to investigate the potential of a polysaccharide extract from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica as a cosmetic ingredient, we measured its moisturizing effect, photo-induced cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory effect. After hydrolysis, HPLC experiments showed that the composition of the polysaccharide extract was mainly rhamnose, galactose, and glucose. The molecular weight of the obtained Ulmus davidiana root extract was 20,000. The intrinsic viscosity was 90 dl/g. In a moisturizing test conducted through the measurement of water loss in a desiccator and of moisture content with a Corneometer CM820, Ulmus davidiana root extract showed almost the same moisturizing effect as hyaluronic acid. In an assay for inhibition of the H(2)O(2)-activated release of PGE2, IL-6, and IL-8 in normal human fibroblast cell lines, Ulmus davidiana root extract showed an inhibitory activity of PGE2 release in a dose-dependent manner (up to 85.9% at a concentration of 0.1%). The percent inhibition of the release of IL-6 was in the range of 45.6% to 64.5% (H(2)O(2) was used as the positive control). Moreover, the release of IL-8 was completely inhibited in the entire concentration range (>0.0025%). In a test of recovery from photo-induced damage after UVA irradiation (3 J/cm(2)), the cell recovery of human fibroblasts increased to levels two times higher than that of the positive control, which was UVA-damaged cells in the absence of Ulmus davidiana root extract (up to 60.2% at 3.0% of Ulmus davidiana root extract). In a photo-induced cytotoxicity assay in the presence of promethazine as a photosensitizer, Ulmus davidiana root extract showed approximately 48% of the increased cell viability of the control. Therefore, Ulmus davidiana root extract may be useful for the development of a cosmetic ingredient.
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PMID:Cosmeceutical properties of polysaccharides from the root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. 1711 Oct 70

Yeast, fungal, and dietary beta-glucans have immune-modulating effects in vitro and in vivo, as thought, mainly by affecting leukocytes; however, effects of oat beta-glucan on enterocytes have never been studied. As recognized, supplying oat beta-glucans as such to cells in culture directly is difficult because of solubility problems. Therefore, six ileostomic patients consumed, in random order, a control diet or an oat beta-glucan enriched diet (5 g) and from the collected ileostomic content, fecal water was prepared and added to two small intestinal cell lines (INT407, Caco-2) and two colon cell lines (HT29, T84) together with a cytokine cocktail (IL-1beta + INFgamma + TNFalpha). Several parameters reflecting immune-modulation were measured. As compared to placebo fecal water, beta-glucan enriched fecal water significantly increased IL-8 production in HT29 (5.0%; p = 0.046) and INT407 cells (22.0%; p = 0.028). Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression increased in T84 (11.0%; p = 0.028) and Caco-2 cells (20.4%; p = 0.075). These immune-stimulating effects were confirmed by enhancement of inflammatory expression profiles, as determined with an antibody array. Our findings show immune enhancement by fecal water from ileostomic patients consuming oat beta-glucan both in small intestinal and colon cell lines after stimulation, which is in agreement with documented effects in leukocytes. Whether these immune-stimulating effects on enterocytes contribute to the enhanced protection of the host against invading pathogens as observed both in animals and in humans, as well as the underlying mechanism, needs further evaluation.
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PMID:Fecal water from ileostomic patients consuming oat beta-glucan enhances immune responses in enterocytes. 1723 May 85

Thermal balneotherapy with Comano's spa water (CW; Trentino, Italy) is beneficial for psoriasis and other skin disorders but its operative mechanisms are largely unknown. Previously, we showed that CW interferes with the production and secretion of IL-6 and various VEGF-A isoforms and with CK-16 expression by cultured human psoriatic keratinocytes. In this study, confluent cultures of epidermal keratinocytes isolated from the lesional areas of 9 psoriatic patients were exposed for 11-13 days to DMEM, whose chemicals had been dissolved in either deionised water (DW-DMEM, controls) or CW (CW-DMEM, treated cells), in order to assess the expression and secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-8 by such cells. The results gained by means of immunocytochemistry, Western immunoblotting (WB), and ELISA assays showed that CW exposure significantly down-regulated the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha, a key inducer of IL-8, IL-6, and other chemokines. However, no assayable TNF-alpha secretion occurred in keratinocyte-conditioned DW- and CW-DMEM samples. Moreover, the intracellular levels and secretion rates of IL-8 were also markedly reduced in the protein extracts and conditioned media of CW-DMEM-incubated keratinocytes. Notably, the most effective inhibition of IL-8 secretion was elicited by a 25% CW fraction in the DMEM. Altogether, our findings indicate that by attenuating at lesional skin sites the deregulated production and secretion of a cascade of several cytokines and chemokines (e.g. TNF- alpha, IL-8, IL-6, and various VEGF-A isoforms), and by offsetting the keratinocytes' abnormal differentiation program entailing CK-16 expression, CW balneotherapy may beneficially influence the clinical manifestations of psoriasis.
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PMID:Comano's (Trentino) thermal water interferes with tumour necrosis factor-alpha expression and interleukin-8 production and secretion by cultured human psoriatic keratinocytes: yet other mechanisms of its anti-psoriatic action. 1727 83

Water-insoluble alpha-glucans are synthesized from sucrose by glucosyltransferase-I of mutans streptococci and play an important role in the development of dental plaque. Several types of beta-glucans in fungal cell wall components and water-soluble alpha-glucans from Streptococcus mutans are known to modulate innate immunity. In the present study, we investigated whether water-insoluble alpha-glucans also induced inflammatory innate immune responses. Our results showed that water-insoluble alpha-glucans synthesized by Streptococcus sobrinus activated mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. The immunological responses were not due to contamination by sucrose, water-soluble alpha-glucan, lipopolysaccharide, or peptidoglycan. Furthermore, human monocytes stimulated by water-insoluble alpha-glucans produced TNF-alpha and IL-8, while human polymorphonuclear cells were activated by water-insoluble alpha-glucans, resulting in chemotaxis and hydrogen peroxide production. The results demonstrated that water-soluble alpha-glucans modulate macrophage- and granulocyte-induced inflammatory immune responses, and suggest that inflammation induced by those alpha-glucans is associated with the development of periodontal diseases.
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PMID:Inflammatory immune responses by water-insoluble alpha-glucans. 1731 56


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