Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P10145 (IL-8)
 23,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study a simple and effective procedure for the isolation of individual neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) by preparative thin-layer chromatography is described. The method is based on nondestructive visualization of neutral GSLs on silica gel precoated thin-layer chromatography plates with anionic lipophilic fluorochromes. After thin-layer chromatography, individual neutral GSLs were detected by spraying the plate with fluorochrome solution followed by exposure to ultraviolet light. GSL containing silica gel was scraped off and extracted with chloroform:methanol:water (30:60:8, by vol). Neutral GSLs were freed from contaminating anionic fluorochrome by DEAE-Sepharose anion-exchange chromatography. Finally, a stepwise chloroform:methanol gradient chromatography on a small silica gel K60 column was employed to remove non-GSL impurities. Of nine different anionic fluorochromes tested, 2-(N-methylanilino)-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid was found to be the most suitable for preparative purposes. The method was proved with reference GSL mixtures containing glucosyl-, galactosyl-, lactosyl-, globotriaosyl-, and neolactotetraosylceramides, each substituted with C24- and C16-fatty acids, resulting in isolation of individual GSL fractions. The technique was applied for the purification of neutral GSLs from mouse kidney and human granulocytes carrying Lewisx-epitopes. In summary, the method described offers an easy to handle and successful preparative thin-layer chromatography strategy to obtain pure neutral GSLs in microgram and milligram quantities.
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PMID:Nondestructive detection of neutral glycosphingolipids with lipophilic anionic fluorochromes and their employment for preparative high-performance thin-layer chromatography. 866 Jun 11

This study was designed to investigate subclinical irritating effects of methanol on functional and immunologic parameters in human respiratory epithelia. Twelve healthy, nonsmoking individuals were exposed to concentrations of 20 and 200 ppm of methanol in an exposure chamber. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1beta, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were monitored. The saccharin transport time test was used to evaluate mucociliary transport. Video interference contrast microscopy was used to determine the ciliary beat frequency of nasal epithelial cells. Subjective symptoms were assessed with a questionnaire. The median concentrations of IL-8 and IL-1beta were significantly elevated after exposure to 200 ppm of methanol as compared to exposure to 20 ppm (IL-1beta, 21.4 versus 8.3 pg/mL, p = .001; IL-8, 424 versus 356 pg/mL, p = .02). The release of IL-6 and PGE2 did not change significantly (IL-6, 10.3 versus 6.5 pg/mL, p = .13; PGE2, 13.6 versus 13.4 pg/mL), nor did the ciliary beat frequency or the saccharin transport time. Both IL-8 and IL-1beta proved to be sensitive indicators for subclinical irritating effects of methanol in vivo. The German threshold limit of 200 ppm of methanol does not prevent subclinical inflammatory reactions of the nasal respiratory mucosa.
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PMID:Exposure to 200 ppm of methanol increases the concentrations of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8 in nasal secretions of healthy volunteers. 1212 20

The early status of strain development for the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and interferon (IFN) gamma is described. The general approach to generating such strains was to amplify gene sequences encoding the mature forms of the various cytokines by PCR from commercially available cDNA sources. The design of the amplificates allowed an in-frame fusion to an MFalpha1 leader segment contained in two basic expression vectors, pFPMT121-MFalpha1 and pTPSMT-MFalpha1. The two vectors differ in that one harbors the methanol-inducible FMD promoter and the other the constitutive TPS1 promoter as control elements for heterologous gene expression. The most advanced process development example is that of IFNalpha-2a. Here, the MOX promoter derived from another key gene of methanol metabolism is used for expression control. The successful development of a production process for Hansenula polymorpha-derived IFNalpha-2a is summarized. This was achieved by combining genetic engineering of suitable production strains with improved processing capabilities for the secreted cytokine, and by purification procedures from cultures grown in yeast extract-peptone-glycerol-based media.
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PMID:Strain and process development for the production of human cytokines in Hansenula polymorpha. 1270 85

Roots of Astragalus species are used to treat leukemia and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. In order to evaluate this information, the effect of 13 cycloartane- and 1 oleanan-type triterpene saponins isolated from Turkish species (Astragalus brachypterus, Astragalus cephalotes, Astragalus microcephalus, and Astragalus trojanus), as well as methanol extracts from the roots of three Astragalus species (Astragalus cephalotes, Astragalus oleifolius and Astragalus trojanus) were studied. Cytokine concentrations of interleukins IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha after bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-2, IL-4 and INF-gamma after phorbolacetate (PHA) stimulation were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. All triterpene saponins tested in the present study showed a prominent IL-2 inducing activity between 35.9% and 139.6%. Among the extracts the highest score was obtained for Astragalus oleifolius (141.2%). Glycosides of 20,24-epoxy and 20,25-epoxy cycloartanes showed higher IL-2 inducing activity than those of acyclic-cycloartane derivatives as well as aglycone of 20,24-epoxy cycloartanes, cycloastrogenol. Especially the activity of Astragaloside VII, a tridesmosidic glycoside of cycloastrogenol, was the most remarkable. The oleanan-type triterpene saponin also showed a prominent IL-2 inducing activity. IL-2 is a cytokine produced by activated T cells, which has shown powerful immunostimulatory and antineoplastic properties. Accordingly, the IL-2 inducing activity of the triterpene saponins might be the mechanism involved in order to explain the immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of Astragalus species.
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PMID:Effects of triterpene saponins from Astragalus species on in vitro cytokine release. 1558 52

Pneumococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is known to have a completely different chemical structure compared with that of Staphylococcus aureus: the polyglycerophosphate in the backbone is replaced in the pneumococcal LTA by a pentamer repeating unit consisting of one ribitol and a tetrasaccharide carrying the unusual substituents phosphocholine and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Neither D-alanine nor N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, which play central roles in the biological activity of the staphylococcal LTA, has been reported. The extraction using butanol is more gentle compared with the previously reported chloroform-methanol extraction and results in a higher yield of LTA. We characterized the LTA of two different strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae:R6 (serotype 2) and Fp23 (serotype 4). NMR analysis confirmed the structure of LTA from R6 but showed that its ribitol carries an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine substituent. The NMR data for the LTA from Fp23 indicate that this LTA additionally contains ribitol-bound D-alanine. Dose-response curves of the two pneumococcal LTAs in human whole blood revealed that LTA from Fp23 was significantly more potent than LTA from R6 with regard to the induction of all cytokines measured (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interferon gamma). However, other characteristics, such as lack of inhibition by endotoxin-specific LAL-F, Toll-like receptor 2 and not 4 dependence, and lack of stimulation of neutrophilic granulocytes, were shared by both LTAs. This is the first report of a difference in the structure of LTA between two pneumococcal serotypes resulting in different immunostimulatory potencies.
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PMID:Comparison of lipoteichoic acid from different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. 1694 91

Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are associated with respiratory disease and exposure to diesel exhaust induces an inflammatory response associated with marked leukocytic infiltration in the lung. This study examined whether neutrophils are activated by the active component of DEP (methanol extract of DEP [me-DEP]). The authors demonstrated that neutrophils exposed to me-DEP had increased levels of the f-actin content, the surface expression of adhesion molecules, and the release of interleukin (IL-8) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), superoxide, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9). Thus, the author conclude that DEP exposure activates neutrophils and that these activated neutrophils could contribute to the adverse respiratory health effects associated with DEP and to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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PMID:Effects of diesel exhaust particles on human neutrophil activation. 1716 50

To explore effects of Forsythia koreana methanol extract (FKME) on mast cell-mediated allergic and inflammatory properties, the effect of FKME was evaluated on compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis, ear swelling, and anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE)-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). In addition, the effect of FKME was investigated on the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. The human mast cell line HMC-1 was stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187. Activated HMC-1 can produce several proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. Cytokine levels in the culture supernatant were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytotoxicity by FKME was determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. FKME inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock and ear swelling in mice. When 1 g/kg FKME was pretreated or posttreated with mice, compound 48/80-induced mice morality was 50 and 66.7%, respectively. One gram per kilogram of FKME pretreatment inhibited ear-swelling responses derived from compound 48/80 by 29.75%. A PCA reaction was inhibited by 17.9%. In an in vitro model, FKME (1 mg/ml) inhibited histamine release from the RPMCs by 13.8% and TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 production from HMC-1 cells by 71.16% (P < 0.001), 86.72% (P < 0.001), and 44.6%, respectively. However, FKME had no cytotoxic effects on cell viability. In conclusion, FKME inhibited not only systemic anaphylaxis and ear swelling induced by compound 48/80 but also inhibited a PCA reaction induced by anti-DNP IgE in vivo. Treatment with FKME showed significant inhibitory effects on histamine, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 release from mast cells.
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PMID:Observations of Forsythia koreana methanol extract on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions in experimental models. 1772 24

We developed an in vitro model to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of granulomatous inflammation in response to invading pathogens. Ichthyophonus hoferi was used as a target for encapsulation by cultivated leukocytes from the kidney of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The encapsulation process was observed over 1 week. The leukocytes were identified as either macrophages in the inner layer, or neutrophils and lymphocytes in the outer layer. The encapsulation response was inhibited by treatment with heat, but not formalin or methanol. The recognition of heat-unstable molecules on the pathogen surface could induce encapsulation. Increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha2, was observed during encapsulation. These cytokines might play crucial roles in the encapsulation process. In particular, IL-8, which was expressed at a late phase, might recruit specific cell populations, such as the lymphocytes comprising the outer cellular layer around the target.
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PMID:In vitro leukocyte-encapsulation model in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 1809 53

In this study, we investigated the effect of the methanol extract of fruits of Vitis amurensis Rupr. (Vitaceae; MEVA) on the mast cell-mediated allergy model and studied the possible mechanism of action. Mast cell-mediated allergic disease is involved in many diseases, such as asthma and sinusitis. The discovery of drugs for the treatment of allergic disease is an important subject in human health. MEVA inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic reactions and serum histamine release in a dose-dependent manner in mice. MEVA decreased immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated local allergic reactions, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. MEVA dose-dependently reduced histamine release from mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or IgE. The inhibitory effect of MEVA on histamine release was mediated by the modulation of intracellular calcium. In addition, MEVA attenuated the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 in human mast cells. The inhibitory effect of MEVA on these proinflammatory cytokines was p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) dependent. Our findings provide evidence that MEVA inhibits mast cell-derived, immediate-type allergic reactions and involvement of proinflammatory cytokines, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappaB in these effects.
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PMID:Antiallergic effects of Vitis amurensis on mast cell-mediated allergy model. 1822 74

Currants and Sultanas (Vitis vinifera L.) are dried vine products produced in Greece and used broadly in the Mediterranean diet. We aimed to investigate the gastric cancer preventive activity of methanol extracts obtained from currants from three different origins in Greece (Vostizza, Nemea, and Messinia) as well as methanol extracts obtained from Sultanas cultivated in the island of Crete as to inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of inflammation. All extracts from 500 microg dried raisins studied suppressed cell proliferation, significantly those obtained from Sultanas from Crete and currants from Nemea. Flow cytometric analysis of Annexin-V labeled cells indicated that Cretan Sultana, Nemea, and Messinia currants at 500 microg dried product/ml medium significantly induced cell death. All extracts from 500 microg dried raisins statistically decreased protein and mRNA levels of ICAM-1 in TNF-alpha stimulated cells. Measurement of IL-8 protein levels and quantification for IL-8 mRNA showed no significant decrease. These results indicate that the methanol extracts from currants, rich in phenolic compounds, exhibit cancer preventive efficacy by limiting cell proliferation, inducing cell death, and suppressing ICAM-1 levels in AGS cells.
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PMID:Effect of Greek raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) from different origins on gastric cancer cell growth. 1900 79


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