Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P10145 (IL-8)
 23,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The combined effects of hypoxia and interleukin 1, lipopolysaccharide, or tumor necrosis factor alpha on the expression of genes encoding endothelial constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases, endothelin 1, interleukin 6, and interleukin 8 were investigated in human primary pulmonary endothelial cells and whole pulmonary artery organoid cultures. Hypoxia decreased the expression of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS-3) mRNA and NOS-3 protein as compared with normoxic conditions. The inhibition of expression of NOS-3 corresponded with a reduced production of NO. A combination of hypoxia with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1 beta, or tumor necrosis factor alpha augmented both effects. In contrast, the combination of hypoxia and the inflammatory mediators superinduced the expression of endothelin 1, interleukin 6, and interleukin 8. Here, we have shown that inflammatory mediators aggravate the effect of hypoxia on the down-regulation of NOS-3 and increase the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human pulmonary endothelial cells and whole pulmonary artery organoid cultures.
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PMID:Lipopolysaccharide and interleukin 1 augment the effects of hypoxia and inflammation in human pulmonary arterial tissue. 890 7

The function of vascular endothelial cells is to adjust blood vessel tonus, which contributes to maintaining homeostasis within blood vessels. However, inflammatory cytokines are produced in response to invasion by stimulating vascular endothelial cells and sometimes lead to shock or multiple organ failure. In the present study, we assessed cytokines in sepsis and septic shock, and various factors that are said to have a damaging effect on vascular endothelium. Endotoxin was measured by endotoxin-specific methods. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Endothelin-I was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Nitric oxide was measured as metabolites of nitrite and nitrate oxides (NOx) by a method based on the Griess method. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF 1 alpha) were both measured by RIA. All of the factors except endotoxin were significantly higher in the septic shock group than in the non-shock group and significantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group. Significant correlations were also found between endothelin-1 and NOx and between TXB2 and PG1 alpha. Significant correlations were also found between TNF-alpha and IL-6, endothelin-1, NOx and TXB2, but no significant correlations were detected between any of them and endotoxin. In serious diseases such as septic shock, the vascular endothelial constricting factors, endothelin and TXB2, and the blood vessel relaxing factors NOx and PGF1 alpha increase almost simultaneously. This suggests that the body's regulating mechanisms are disrupted in these serious conditions. The results of this study also suggest that inflammatory cytokines may be involved in stimulating the production of these factors.
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PMID:Functional modification of vascular endothelial cells by cytokines during septic shock. 894 12

Elevated tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has been demonstrated in chronic cardiac failure (CCF) and may relate to severity of CCF and development of cachexia. We measured TNF receptor p55 in addition to TNF-alpha in an attempt to improve the detection rate of TNF-alpha activation, and simultaneously measured interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and C-reactive protein. Thirty-four patients with CCF and 24 control subjects were studied. Only TNF receptor p55 [6.95 (0.77-42.3) vs. 5.52 (1.50-13.36) ng mL-1 (median (range)] and IL-6 [0.335 (0-9.79) vs. 0(0-14.71) pg mL-1) were significantly elevated in patients compared with control subjects (both P < 0.05). All inflammatory markers were more frequently elevated in patients, but none correlated with any of the clinical parameters studied. Reasons for inflammatory marker elevation in CCF are uncertain, but future studies should measure the p55 TNF receptor and IL-6 in addition to TNF-alpha, to improve detection of cytokine activity.
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PMID:Cytokine profile in chronic cardiac failure. 895 9

Blood levels of various cytokines were determined in patients with burn injury immediately after the accident, and the relationship between cytokines and morbid condition was investigated. There was almost no marked elevation of cytokines in the early stage of burn injury. Throughout the entire course, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8, as cytokines, showed high levels in patients with burn injury associated with sepsis and those who died. These levels well reflected the severity in the phase complicated with sepsis.
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PMID:Plasma cytokine levels in patients with severe burn injury--with reference to the relationship between infection and prognosis. 898 34

Experimental infections of human male volunteers with Neisseria gonorrhoeae have provided valuable insights into the early stages of gonorrheal disease. Bacterial variants expressing outer membrane opacity (Opa) proteins appear to be selected from the inoculum during a period in which total recoverable numbers of bacteria decrease rapidly. This apparent survival advantage occurs simultaneously with the onset of an inflammatory response, characterized by local production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 and the appearance of leukocytes in urine. Since the inflammatory response may also result in the presence of serum factors on the mucosal surface, we investigated the possibility that killing in normal human serum (NHS) leads to the selection of Opa+ variants. We therefore studied killing of separate populations and mixtures of Opa- and Opa+ N. gonorrhoeae MS11mk in NHS. Expression of an Opa protein conferred a survival advantage upon the organism; i.e., the Opa+ variants were more serum resistant than their isogenic Opa- counterparts, resulting in a selection for Opa+ phenotypes when a mixture of Opa+ and Opa- gonococci (GC) was exposed to submaximal doses of NHS. This selection was observed in three different lipooligosaccharide (LOS) backgrounds, indicating that it was not due to a difference in LOS expression between Opa- and Opa+ phenotypes. Incubation in NHS of sialylated GC resulted in a similar selection for Opa+ variants. The presence of normal human urine during the serum killing assay had no effect on the selection phenomenon but drastically depleted NHS of bactericidal activity, which was found to be at least partly due to complement inhibition. The results suggest that serum killing may contribute to the transition from Opa- to Opa+ phenotypes during the early stages of infection of the male urethra.
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PMID:Selection of Opa+ Neisseria gonorrhoeae by limited availability of normal human serum. 900 26

The influence of cytokines on the inflammatory response in surgery has recently been the subject of investigations. We measured tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and granulocyte elastase (GEL) in 26 patients undergoing elective cardiac operations using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), preoperatively, immediately after CPB, and on post-operative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 6. To evaluate the effect of these cytokines on pulmonary function, the patients were divided according to whether the oxygenation index (OI) on POD 1 was > 250 or < 250, into groups A and B, respectively. TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta were undetectable and there were no significant differences in the preoperative IL-6, IL-8, and GEL levels. However, immediately following CPB, the mean IL-6, IL-8 and GEL levels in both groups were significantly higher than the preoperative levels (P < 0.01). Moreover, all these levels were significantly higher in group B than in group A, at 162 +/- 150 pg/ml vs 64 +/- 53 pg/ml (P < 0.05) for IL-6; 53 +/- pg/ ml vs 22 +/- 20 pg/ml (P < 0.01) for IL-8; and 2477 +/- 1642 mg/ l vs 1397 +/- 774 mg/l (P < 0.01) for GEL. The IL-6 levels returned to the preoperative values in both groups on POD 1; however, the GEL levels remained significantly higher in group B than in group A postoperatively, at 616 +/- 326 mg/l vs 378 +/- 70 mg/l on POD 1, and at 292 +/- 70 mg/l vs 218 +/- 62 mg/ l on POD 3 (P < 0.05). Thus high levels of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and GEL may be detrimental to respiratory function.
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PMID:Relationship between respiratory distress and cytokine response after cardiopulmonary bypass. 906 2

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the levels of pro-inflammatory [interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)], anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-10, soluble TNF receptor type I (TNFsrI), TNFsrII], and the production of nitric oxide (NO) during a 1-week period in 23 patients with severe sepsis. The highest levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitrate, the stable metabolite of NO, were found during the first day after inclusion and gradually declined thereafter. Detectable levels of IL-10, TNFsrI and TNFsrII were present in all patients at study entry but did not significantly change during the study period [analysis of variance (MANOVA); P > 0.05]. Serum nitrate levels correlated significantly with both pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha) as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TNFsrI, TNFsrII). Serum nitrate levels over time were higher in patients with positive blood cultures (n = 4) (MANOVA; P < 0.005), as compared to patients without proven bacteraemia. These data support the concept of an acute phase of sepsis that is characterized by an excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while anti-inflammatory cytokines are predominantly present during the secondary phase. The present findings indicate that pro-inflammatory cytokines are related to the induction of excessive NO production during the first phase of sepsis and that reduction of NO production occurs during the secondary phase. This may suggest that anti-inflammatory cytokines are able to diminish the production of NO in patients with severe sepsis.
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PMID:Relation between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the production of nitric oxide (NO) in severe sepsis. 907 65

Severe Jarisch Herxheimer reaction (J-HR) precipitated by antibiotic treatment of louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is associated with a transient, marked rise in circulating tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). Ovine polyclonal anti-TNF alpha antibody fragments (Fab) were used in a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial in an attempt to prevent this reaction. Within 4 h after penicillin, in controls (n = 29), a several-fold rise in cytokines occurred, concomitant with a fall in spirochaetes and maximal clinical manifestations of the J-HR. An intravenous infusion of anti-TNF alpha Fab, 30 min before penicillin in 20 patients reduced peak plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8 (but not IL-1 beta) compared with controls (p = 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively) and the incidence of the J-HR, indicating some neutralization of TNF alpha. An apparent fall in TNF alpha reflected interference of anti-TNF alpha in the immunoassay.
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PMID:The effect of antibody against TNF alpha on cytokine response in Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions of louse-borne relapsing fever. 909 99

In a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, the safety and efficacy of the platelet-activating factor antagonist TCV-309 in the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome was studied. In total 29 patients were treated with 1.0 mg/kg TCV-309 twice daily during 7 days or with placebo. Study parameters were as follows: adverse events, 28 and 56 day all cause mortality, multi-organ failure scores, and the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and soluble E-selectin. There was no difference in number and severity of adverse events between TCV-309- and placebo-treated patients. Day 28 and day 56 mortality was similar in both groups (day 56: 7/12 TCV-309 vs. 9/16 placebo, NS). Pulmonary and hematological failure scores improved significantly in TCV-309-treated patients (p < .05). There was no difference in inflammatory mediator levels between TCV-309- and placebo-treated patients. Treatment with TCV-309 appears to be safe in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and does improve organ failure significantly.
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PMID:Treatment with the platelet-activating factor antagonist TCV-309 in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a prospective, multi-center, double-blind, randomized phase II trial. 915 85

Bladder cancer cells have been shown to secrete a variety of factors that are not related to cells of urothelial origin. The histogenesis of these tumour developments is uncertain, and a variety of theories have been previously reported. In the present manuscript, we identify the factors constitutively produced by a human bladder cancer cell line (KU-19-19) that was found to produce beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-hCG), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). The cells were obtained from a case of metastatic carcinoma that was originally diagnosed to be a grade 3 (WHO classification), invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. On microscopic observation, the cultured cells exhibited an epithelial appearance with vacuole formation in their cytoplasm. Ultrastructural observations revealed relatively marked microvilli and a tight junction. Significant amounts of beta-hCG, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in the supernatant from cultured cells were demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, while the expression of mRNA of these marker proteins in cancer cells was also significantly exhibited by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, the expression of G-CSF receptor and IL-6 receptor mRNA was also shown by RT-PCR. Xenograft transplantability using nude mice was observed in association with the presence of severe neutrophilia in the peripheral blood. These results indicate that this cell line appears to be an effective model for the study of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with multipotent differentiation potentials.
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PMID:Constitutive production of multiple cytokines and a human chorionic gonadotrophin beta-subunit by a human bladder cancer cell line (KU-19-19): possible demonstration of totipotential differentiation. 923 15


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