Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P10145 (IL-8)
 23,849 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of membrane proteoglycans (MPG) from Klebsiella pneumoniae on production of the chemotactic cytokine, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) by human peripheral blood monocytes. Exposure of human peripheral blood monocytes to MPG in vitro induced high levels of mRNA transcripts for IL-8 and MCP, as assessed by Northern blot analysis. Cytokine gene expression was associated with the production of chemotactic activity in the supernatants. The levels of IL-8 and MCP expression induced by MPG were comparable with those elicited by LPS. Induction of chemotactic cytokines in mononuclear phagocytes may play a role in the immunomodulatory activity of MPG.
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PMID:Chemotactic cytokine gene expression and production induced in human monocytes by membrane proteoglycans from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 175 2

Bacteriophage phi 60 possesses an endoglucosidase that depolymerizes the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella K60 into a heptasaccharide having two single beta-D-glucopyranosyl side-chains. This bulky oligosaccharide may be used as a probe to examine the combining sites of immunoglobulins. The 1H- and 13C-n.m.r.-spectral data of the oligosaccharide are reported.
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PMID:Preparation of a branched heptasaccharide by bacteriophage depolymerization of Klebsiella K60 capsular polysaccharide. 671 34

Depolymerization of bacterial, capsular polysaccharides by viral enzymes provides a convenient method for preparing oligosaccharides that correspond to one or more repeating unit(s) of the polysaccharide. Previous methods used for purifying bacteriophage particles, and also the procedures employed in the isolation and purification of the oligomers generated by the bacteriophage action, have been so modified as to provide a more direct route to the degradation products. Improved techniques, both for the propagation of bacteriophage and for the isolation of the oligosaccharides formed, are reported. These simplified methods make possible the use of bacteriophages as convenient "reagents" for the preparation of oligosaccharides on a gram scale. The acid- and base-labile substituents present in certain of the polysaccharides examined were seemingly unaffected by the conditions used for depolymerization. The methods are illustrated by degradation of the capsular polysaccharides from Klebsiella serotypes K17, K36, K46, K60, K63, and K74
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PMID:Preparation of oligosaccharides by the action of bacteriophage-borne enzymes on Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides. 730 18

Non-linear capsular polysaccharides of Klebsiella bacteria usually have a single side-chain per repeating unit, or, less commonly, two side-chains attached to the same unit. The capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella serotype K60 is unique in having three side-chains in the heptasaccharide repeating-unit shown. The structure, including the configuration of the glycosidic linkages, was established mainly by characterization of the oligosaccharides obtained by partial hydrolysis of both the original, capsular polysaccharide and the polymer resulting from the removal, by Smith degradation, of the side chains (Formula, see text).
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PMID:The capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella serotype K60; a novel, structural pattern. 743 38

This study was designed to assess monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (anti-TNF) or interleukin-8 (anti-IL-8) as radioactive agents for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus-or Klebsiella pneumoniae-infected thighs in mice. At 5 min (acute infection) or 20 h (established) post-infection, 20 micrograms of the 99mTc-labeled MAbs were injected. At various time intervals, the accumulation of the radiotracer in the infected thighs was assessed and expressed as a target-to-nontarget (T/NT) ratio. The binding of 99mTc-labeled MAbs to circulating mononuclear cells and granulocytes was quantitated 20 h after injection. The pharmacokinetics of the MAbs, in relation to the control agents 99mTc-labeled polyclonal human immunoglobulin (IgG) and a 99mTc-labeled nonspecific IgG1 MAb, were also studied. In acute infections, 99mTc-anti-TNF accumulated to a higher extent (p < 0.05) in S. aureus-infected thighs in mice until 4 h after the injection than 99mTc-IgG and was higher at 0.25 h in K. pneumoniae-infected mice (p < 0.03) compared with 99mTc-IgG. In established S. aureus and K. pneumoniae infections, 99mTc-anti-IL-8 detected the infection more intensely than 99mTc-IgG until 1 h after injection. In both S. aureus and K. pneumoniae infections, localization of sites of infection correlates (p < 0.05) with increased binding of the 99mTc-labeled MAbs to granulocytes and mononuclear cells in both acute and established infections. It was concluded that 99mTc-labeled MAbs, directed against TNF-alpha and IL-8, accumulate in bacterial infections in mice to a higher extent than does 99mTc-IgG after infection and is related to the binding of the antibodies to blood leukocytes. With these 99mTc-labeled MAbs, information might be gained about the development of an infection.
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PMID:Detection of experimental infections with 99mTc-labeled monoclonal antibodies against TNF-alpha and interleukin-8. 935 36

The use of immunostimulating drugs is one way to intervene in the immune system. Many of these agents are of bacterial origin and most are able to stimulate the nonspecific immune response by acting on polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and macrophages. Ribosomal immunotherapy ('Ribomunyl') contains both proteoglycans from Klebsiella pneumoniae and ribosomes from 4 different bacterial strains. It can stimulate not only macrophages but also specific antibody production. 'Ribomunyl' has been shown to stimulate many of the functions of PMNs, specifically the formation of oxygenated free radicals, chemotaxis and adhesion. The effect of 'Ribomunyl' immunostimulant on the properties of macrophages is of special interest, as these cells participate in both the nonspecific immune response (phagocytosis, proinflammatory cytokine production) and the specific immune response (antigen processing and presentation, lymphocyte proliferation). 'Ribomunyl' has been shown to increase the production of many cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and colony-stimulating factor], leading to the activation of the cytokine network. 'Ribomunyl' was also able to stimulate natural killer cells involved in viral immunity. Because of the presence of ribosomes from 4 frequently encountered bacterial strains, 'Ribomunyl' has specific immunostimulant properties. This has been clearly demonstrated in animals and humans, where specific antibody-forming B cells were found in the tonsils after oral administration. However, specific T-cell response has not been reported, suggesting that 'Ribomunyl' could act directly on B cells such as T-cell-independent bacterial antigens.
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PMID:Pharmacology of ribosomal immunotherapy. 937 77

Some antimicrobial agents have been reported to modify the host immune responses both in vivo and in vitro. As we demonstrated previously that co-amoxiclav had beneficial properties which result in enhancement of the microbicidal functions of human poly-morphonuclear cell (PMNs), we investigated the modulatory effect of this combination on cytokine production by human PMNs in vitro. The addition of co-amoxiclav elicited the production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PMNs of substantial amounts of some cytokines, namely IL-8 and IL-1beta, after the addition of Klebsiella pneumoniae. These cytokine levels were higher than those obtained by PMNs incubated in culture medium only, without co-amoxiclav.
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PMID:Co-amoxiclav affects cytokine production by human polymorphonuclear cells. 1038 96

Outer membrane protein (Omp)A is highly represented and conserved in the Enterobacteriaceae family. Using a recombinant OmpA from Klebsiella pneumoniae (P40), we have analyzed the interaction between OmpA and macrophages. We report that Alexa488-labeled P40 binds (at 4 degrees C) to murine and human macrophages in a dose-dependent manner and is rapidly internalized (at 37 degrees C). No binding or internalization of the Alexa488-labeled glycophorin A control protein is observed under the same conditions. Furthermore, P40 up-regulates the production of IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha by human macrophages and of NO by the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. P40 also synergizes with IFN-gamma and suboptimal concentrations of LPS to up-regulate the production of these mediators. In conclusion, P40 binds to and activates macrophages. These data suggest that recognition of OmpA by macrophages may be an initiating event in the antibacterial host response.
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PMID:Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) binds to and activates human macrophages. 1094 55

The prevalence of viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens among children of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was investigated. During December 1995-October 1996, 576 faecal samples were collected from children (0-5 year(s) old) suffering from acute diarrhoea and attending hospitals and outpatient clinics in Jeddah. One or more enteropathogen(s) were identified in 45.6% of the stool specimens. Mixed infections were detected in 12.2% of the diarrhoeal cases. Rotavirus was detected in 34.6% of the specimens of the hospitalized patients and in 5.9% of the specimens of the outpatients. Fifty-one percent of the rotavirus-positive specimens were long electropherotype, 26% were short electropherotype, and 23% could not be electropherotyped specifically. Among those of the long electropherotype, there were six patterns; and of the short electropherotypes, there were four patterns. Serotyping of these specimens revealed a distribution of 39.6%, 4.2%, 6.3%, and 15.6% for rotavirus serotype 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Mixed serotypes were found in 3.1%, and 31.3% of the specimens were untypeable. Other aetiologic agents recognized included Escherichia coli (13%), of which 3.8% were enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and 1.9% enterohaemorrhagic E. coli. Among the E. coli (EPEC) serotypes, O111:K58:B4, O55:K59:B11, and 0127:K63:B8 were found in 31.8%, 18.2%, and 13.6% of the cases respectively. Serotype 026:K60:B6, 0124:K72:B17, and 0112:K66:B11 each was found in 9.1% of the EPEC cases. 0128:K67:B12 and 0125:K70:B13 each was found in one case only. Other detected pathogens were: Klebsiella pneumoniae (4%), Giardia lamblia (3.1%), Salmonella sp. (3%), Shigella flexneri (2.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (2.2%), Trichuris trichiura, Hymenolepis nana, and Ascaris lumbricoides (0.7% each), and Candida albicans (0.5%). Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the high prevalence of the various enteropathogens among young children is a significant public health problem.
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PMID:Prevalence of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among young children with acute diarrhoea in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 1139 80

The lipid mediator PAF plays an important role in the phagocytosis of particles, including bacteria, and consequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-8. Using a PAF receptor antagonist (UK-74,505) and PAF receptor knock-out mice, we have investigated the relevance of PAF for the inflammatory changes and lethality after pulmonary infection with the gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice. At an inoculum of 3 x 10(6) bacteria, there was marked pulmonary (bronchoalveolar lavage and lung) neutrophilia that started early (2.5 h after infection) and peaked at 48 h. All animals were dead by day 4 of infection. The chemokine KC and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha increased rapidly and persisted for 48 h in the lungs. Pretreatment with UK-74,505 (30 mg kg(-1) per day, p.o.) had no significant effects on the number of infiltrating neutrophils in BAL fluid or lung tissue, as assessed by histology and measuring myeloperoxidase, or on the concentrations of KC. In contrast, concentrations of TNF-alpha and the number of bacteria inside neutrophils were significantly diminished. In order to support a role for the PAF during K. pneumoniae infection, experiments were also carried out in PAFR-deficient mice. In the latter animals, lethality occurred earlier than in wild-type controls. This was associated with greater number of bacteria in lung tissue and diminished percentage of neutrophils containing bacteria in their cytoplasm. Our results suggest that PAF, acting on its receptor, plays a protective role during infection with K. pneumoniae in mice.
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PMID:Role of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor during pulmonary infection with gram negative bacteria. 1238 75


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