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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A model is suggested for mammalian male determination based on interactions postulated to occur among an autosomal repressor gene, an X-linked male-determining gene termed Tdx, and multiple copies of certain DNA sequences on the Y chromosome that do not code for any protein. The repressor, synthesised in limited amounts, has higher affinity for the Y-linked sequences than for Tdx and its affinity for Tdx is greater than that of RNA polymerase. In XY cells the Y effectively binds all available repressor, permitting transcription of Tdx to occur. In XX cells, since competition from the Y-linked high-affinity sequences is absent, the repressor binds to Tdx and prevents transcription. As a result of this competition between Tdx and the Y-linked high-affinity sites for limiting concentrations of the autosomal repressor, the product of the Tdx gene (TDX) is synthesized in the male but not in the female. It is suggested that in determination of the male sex, the role of the Y chromosome is to serve as a sink for the Tdx repressor. The proposed interactions provide a plausible explanation for the genetic properties of several anomalies of sexual development in mouse, man, and other mammals. The model suggests that the postulated multiple, high-affinity sequences on the Y chromosome of the mouse are included among the DNA sequences referred to as the Sxr-Bkm sequences.
Mol Gen Genet 1984
PMID:A model for mammalian male determination based on a passive Y chromosome. 658 8

Twenty-six human Y-chromosome-derived DNA sequences, free of repetitive material, were used to probe male and female genomic blots. We present data from a detailed analysis and chromosomal location of the bands detected by such probes, which demonstrate extensive DNA sequence homology between the mammalian sex chromosomes and autosomes. Under stringent conditions, nine Y-derived probes reacted exclusively with the Y chromosome, 12 probes detected homologous sequences present on both the Y and the X, four probes detected homologies between Y and autosome(s) without any X counterpart and, finally, one probe hybridized to homologous sequences on Y, X and autosome(s). These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a common evolutionary origin for the mammalian sex chromosomes and reveal structural similarities between Y-located and autosomal non-repetitive sequences.
J Mol Biol 1984 Mar 15
PMID:Extensive sequence homologies between Y and other human chromosomes. 670 5

The rRNA genes (rDNA) in Drosophila melanogaster are found in two clusters, one on the X and one on the Y chromosome. We have compared the ribosomal protein composition of wild-type Oregon-R flies containing both X-linked and Y-linked rDNA with that of flies containing only the Y-linked rDNA by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four basic proteins (1, 2/3, L4, and L7) normally present in wild-type flies were either electrophoretically not detectable (1, 2/3, and L4) or marginally detectable (L7) in flies with only Y-linked rDNA. No additional proteins were observed in these flies. However, immunodiffusion assays using specific antibodies raised against purified protein L4 confirmed that L4 was present but in relatively lower amounts in these Y-linked rDNA flies. An investigation was carried out to determine whether these electrophoretically undetectable proteins were more readily lost during ribosome preparation and hence were not readily detectable in the 80S particles by gel electrophoresis or whether they had been modified. Thus the proteins in the post-ribosomal cell supernatant and the high salt sucrose gradient were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunochemical assays with antibodies raised against protein L4 and total 80S ribosomal proteins. The experimental evidence indicates that there is a small amount of protein L4 and probably proteins 1, 2/3, and L7 in flies with only Y-linked rDNA but significantly less of these proteins than in wild-type flies.
Mol Gen Genet 1982
PMID:Decrease in ribosomal proteins 1, 2/3, L4, and L7 in Drosophila melanogaster in the absence of X rDNA. 681 32

In Drosophila melanogaster, entire compound second chromosomes (2R2L . 2L2R) consist of the entire amount of genetic material normally found on separate homologues, as well as significant amounts of heterochromatin derived from the Y chromosome, joined to a single centromere. Genetic analysis demonstrates that information carried upon the Y chromosome influences the rate of transmission of the compound in the male.
Mol Gen Genet 1982
PMID:Paternal transmission of entire compounds of chromosome two in Drosophila melanogaster. 681 25

Mutations at a locus on chromosome II of D. melanogaster suppressing position-effect variegation mutations have been identified which display recessive butyrate sensitivity. Survival of homozygous mutant flies is significantly reduced on medium containing sodium n-butyrate. The butyrate sensitive suppressor mutations are further characterized by recessive female sterility and reduced survival of homozygotes. Complementation analysis showed their allelism. The locus of these mutations, Su-var (2) 1, has been localized to 40.5 +/- 0.2 and, by using interstitial duplications, to region 31CD on the cytogenetic map. Moreover, the mutant alleles of the Su-var (2) 1 locus display a lethal interaction with the heterochromatic Y chromosome. The presence or absence of a Y chromosome in males or females has a strong influence on the viability of homozygous or transheterozygous suppressor flies. All the genetic properties of Su-var (2) 1 mutants suggest strongly that this locus affects chromosome condensation.
Mol Gen Genet 1982
PMID:Butyrate sensitive suppressor of position-effect variegation mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. 681 29

It has been shown in the previous paper that if one Drosophila chromosome lacks histone genes, the intact homologous chromosome has an increased number of histone genes. The present study shows that the extent of compensatory multiplication of histone genes depends on the nature of the deficient chromosome. An extra Y chromosome in the genome of flies without the deficiency does not affect their histone gene content. In heterozygotes with a deficiency of histone genes the number of these genes grows gradually and reaches 90% of the norm in the eight generation (magnification). After the deficient chromosome is eliminated the increased number of histone genes is not stably inherited and reverts to the normal level in the course of 5--7 generations. Deficiency-heterozygous males of the first generation contain extrachromosomal histone DNA and have a changed ratio of the two types of histone gene blocks. The multiplication of histone genes is compared with the compensation and magnification of rDNA.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Changing number of histone structural genes in Drosophila]. 709 58

The micropia transposable element of Drosophila hydei is a long terminal repeat-containing retrotransposon present in both the autosomes and the Y chromosome. micropia expression gives rise to a complex set of sense and antisense RNAs transcribed primarily during spermatogenesis. The most abundant sense RNAs constitute an assortment of heterogeneous high-molecular-weight transcripts expressed as constituents of the Y-chromosomal lampbrush loops of primary spermatocytes. In addition, micropia encodes a full-length RNA that extends between the two long terminal repeats of the element. The major 1.0-kb antisense RNA characterized is complementary to the reverse transcriptase and RNase H coding regions of micropia. It is expressed from a testis-specific promoter during the primary spermatocyte stages and is detectable until spermatid elongation stages. Sequence comparison of this promoter with the 5' region of other testis-specific genes allows the conception of a conserved sequence that is responsible for this pattern of expression. A 284-bp fragment containing this sequence is able to drive testis-specific expression of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene in Drosophila melanogaster. This sequence is conserved in the micropia elements present in other Drosophila species that also encode an antisense RNA. The evolutionary conservation of micropia antisense RNA expression and the sequences responsible for its testis-specific transcription suggests a role for this antisense RNA in the control of germ line expression of the full-length transcript or transposon-encoded proteins.
Mol Cell Biol 1994 Mar
PMID:The Drosophila micropia retrotransposon encodes a testis-specific antisense RNA complementary to reverse transcriptase. 750 47

A new mouse Y chromosome gene, Smcy, has been isolated from the region encoding Spy, a spermatogenesis gene and Hya and Sdma, the genes that, respectively, control the expression of the male specific minor histocompatibility antigen H-Y, as measured by specific T-cell assays and the serologically detected male antigen SDMA. Smcy is well conserved on the Y in mouse, man and even marsupials. It is expressed in all adult male tissues tested and can also be detected during mouse development from as early as two cells. In addition, its human Y homologue, SMCY, is expressed in multiple tissues and maps to the same Yq deletion interval as the human H-Y antigen controlling locus, HY.
Hum Mol Genet 1994 Jun
PMID:A mouse Y chromosome gene encoded by a region essential for spermatogenesis and expression of male-specific minor histocompatibility antigens. 752 12

A 522-base-long Y-chromosomal sequence was isolated from a BALB/c genomic library and was designated "BF046." It is repeated about 200 times in the male genome, and a difference was detected between the Mus musculus musculus and the M. m. domesticus type Y chromosomes. BF046-related sequences were present over the entire length of the Y chromosome as visualized by in situ hybridization. Southern blot analysis against DNAs isolated from eight species in the genus Mus showed that BF046-related sequences were amplified in the Y chromosomes of three closely related species: M. musculus, M. spicilegus, and M. spretus. To gain insight into the stability of the BF046 sequence family, we isolated 18 additional clones from these three mouse species and compared their sequences. The M. musculus sequences differed from the M. spicilegus and M. spretus sequences by two indels. The remaining parts of the sequences were very similar, but both parsimony and distance-based analytical methods divided the sequences into the same four subgroups, with each species having its own subgroup(s). Thus, the Y chromosomes of M. musculus, M. spicilegus, and M. spretus can be distinguished from one another.
Mol Biol Evol 1994 Jan
PMID:Molecular evolution of a Y-chromosomal repetitive sequence family in the genus Mus. 754 11

This study was carried out to determine whether Y-bearing porcine spermatozoa could be detected by in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin (Dig)-labelled DNA probe specific to the Y chromosome produced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A conventional PCR (with Dig-dUTP) was performed using a set of oligonucleotide primers (5'-AAGTGGTCAGCGTGTCCATA-3' and 5'-TTTCTCCTGTATCCTCCTGC-3') for 236 bp fragment of porcine male-specific DNA sequence and 1.25 x 10(4) template white blood cells obtained from a boar. When fluorescence in situ hybridization with the Dig-labelled DNA probe was applied to the metaphase chromosome spreads prepared from both boar and gilts, the fluorescein signal was only detected on the long arm of the Y chromosome. In addition, immunocytochemical detection with the Dig-labelled DNA probe and alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-Dig was applied to both sperm nuclei pretreated with dithiothreitol and white blood cells; 51% of sperm nuclei and 96% of white blood cells obtained from boar were labelled, whereas none of white blood cells obtained from gilts were labelled with the Dig-labelled DNA probe. The results indicated that in situ hybridization with porcine male-specific DNA probe produced by PCR made possible the direct visualization of Y-bearing porcine spermatozoa by in situ hybridization.
Mol Reprod Dev 1995 Apr
PMID:Detection of Y-bearing porcine spermatozoa by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled, porcine male-specific DNA probe produced by polymerase chain reaction. 759 11


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