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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
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The consequences of a dietary n-3 PUFA supply was investigated on the blood pressure (BP) increase elicited by left renal artery stenosis in rats distributed in 3 groups (n = 8) fed for 8 weeks a semi-purified diet either as control diet or enriched diets (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, or eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA). The PUFA intake induced large alterations in heart and kidney phospholipid fatty acid profile, but did not influence body weight, cardiac hypertrophy, renal left atrophy and right hypertrophy. Within 4 weeks, BP raised from 120-180 +/- 2 mm Hg in the control group, but only to 165 +/- 3 mm Hg in the n-3 PUFA groups. After stabilization of BP in the 3 groups, the rats received a short administration of increasing dose of perindopril. The lower dose (0.5 mg/kg) moderately decreased BP only in the control group. With higher doses (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg) BP was normalized in the 3 groups, with a higher amplitude of the BP lowering effect in the control group. A moderate n-3 PUFA intake can contribute to prevent the development of peripheral hypertension in rats by a mechanism that may involve angiotensin converting enzyme.
Mol Cell Biochem 2001 Sep
PMID:Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect the development of renovascular hypertension in rats. 1171 52

Degradation and breakdown of gestational membranes and the adjacent decidua are essential processes for the advancement of labour. We have assessed the effect of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis on the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) in fetal membranes at the edge of the placenta and decidua, by using ex-vivo organ culture of the tissues in the absence or presence of PGF(2alpha) (0.1, 1.0 and 10 microg/ml) or a PG synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin (10(-4)-10(-6) mol/l). Conditioned media were assessed for MMP by zymography on gelatin containing sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels and for TIMP-1 by Western blot analysis. Compared to the membranes, decidua produced significantly more MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as TIMP-1. PGF(2alpha) caused a 2.4- and 1.9-fold increase in the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the decidua, respectively (P < 0.05), and an 11.3-fold increase of the active form of MMP-2 (62 kDa) which could hardly be detected in basal culture conditions (P < 0.01). PGF(2alpha) decreased TIMP-1 production by 70% in the decidua. The production of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 by the amniotic and chorionic membranes was not affected by PGF(2alpha). Indomethacin decreased the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by 78 and 35% in chorion, and by 70 and 58% in amnion, respectively (P < 0.05), but did not affect production in decidual tissue. Indomethacin increased the production of TIMP-1 in chorion and amnion [by 4.1- and 4.5-fold respectively (P < 0.01)], but had no effect on decidua. Cumulatively, PGF(2alpha) increases decidual gelatinolytic activity. Meanwhile the inhibition of PG production by indomethacin reduces total gelatinolytic activity in fetal membranes, possibly accounting for some of its labour-arresting property.
Mol Hum Reprod 2001 Dec
PMID:Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitor, TIMP-1, in human term decidua and fetal membranes: the effect of prostaglandin F(2alpha) and indomethacin. 1171 97

A new multi-channel laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) probe with novel optical fiber probe geometry has been designed and integrated into a cone penetrometer testing (CPT) system for in situ contamination detection. The system is capable of collecting excitation and emission matrices (EEMs) of subsurface contaminants as a function of depth in seconds. Compared to our previous multi-channel LIF-CPT system, the new system is faster and more compact, with reduced probe size and sampling area. This article describes the first field demonstration of the system at Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts. One contaminated site within the base was characterized through in situ measurements of 26 LIF-CPT pushes. To validate the LIF results, core samples taken at five locations were analyzed by both on-site LIF measurements and by off-site laboratory analyses with EPA methods. The comparison of the LIF and laboratory results is presented, along with the results of the in situ measurements.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2002 Jan 15
PMID:In situ measurements of subsurface contaminants with a multi-channel laser-induced fluorescence system. 1180 37

The effect of dietary lipid on the fatty acid composition of muscle, testis and ovary of cultured sweet smelt, Plecoglossus altivelis, was investigated and compared with that of wild sweet smelt. Cultured fish were fed three different diets for 12 weeks: a control diet rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) (CO group); a diet deficient in DHA and EPA (DP group); and a diet rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), but deficient in DHA and EPA (LP group). The fatty acid composition of muscle and gonad lipids was related with dietary fatty acids. Despite the difference in DHA and EPA content in the diets, muscles and gonads, respectively, contained almost equal levels of DHA and EPA in each CO and DP group. However, the muscle and gonad of the LP group showed a lower level of DHA than other groups, due to having the highest level of ALA. In the wild fish muscle, the DHA content was similar to that of CO and DP groups, but the EPA content showed the highest level in all groups. There was no difference in the muscle fatty acid proportions between male and female. On the other hand, the testes of cultured and wild fish were rich in DHA, EPA, docosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, while ovaries were rich in oleic, palmitoleic, linoleic acids and ALA. Moreover, of all the groups, the fish fatty acid composition of the LP group was closest to that of wild fish. These results indicate that in the sweet smelt, tissue n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) greater than C20 can be synthesized from dietary precursors and special fatty acids are preferentially accumulated to the testis or ovary, respectively, to play different physiological functions.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002 Feb
PMID:Preferential accumulation of fatty acids in the testis and ovary of cultured and wild sweet smelt Plecoglossus altivelis. 1181 46

To elucidate the involvement of type IV collagenases [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9] and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in the development of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), we quantified their levels in hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma tissues using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the results were compared with those from normal first trimester placenta. Levels of pro-MMP-2 were increased in hydatidiform mole, and they were further elevated in choriocarcinoma. Levels of pro-MMP-9 in choriocarcinoma and those of TIMP-1 in both hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma were also increased. In contrast, TIMP-2 levels were markedly decreased in both hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Similar results were obtained by the tissue culture of first trimester placenta and hydatidiform mole. Gelatin zymography indicated that the levels of both pro- and activated forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were higher in hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. The decreased expression of TIMP-2 in hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma was confirmed by Western blot, Northern blot and immunohistochemistry, with the decrease being more pronounced in choriocarcinoma. Taken together, the present study shows that both TIMP-2 mRNA and protein levels are markedly decreased in GTD and the imbalance of MMP-TIMP production, shifted toward greater MMP activity, may be involved in the pathogenesis of GTD.
Mol Hum Reprod 2002 Apr
PMID:Reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 in gestational trophoblastic diseases. 1191 88

Antarctic euphausiids, Euphausia superba, E. tricantha, E. frigida and Thysanoessa macrura were collected near Elephant/ Island / during 1997 and 1998. Total lipid was highest in E. superba small juveniles (16 mg g(-1) wet mass), ranging from 12 to 15 mg in other euphausiids. Polar lipid (56-81% of total lipid) and triacylglycerol (12-38%) were the major lipids with wax esters (6%) only present in E. tricantha. Cholesterol was the major sterol (80-100% of total sterols) with desmosterol second in abundance (1-18%). 1997 T. macrura and E. superba contained a more diverse sterol profile, including 24-nordehydrocholesterol (0.1-1.7%), trans-dehydrocholesterol (1.1-1.5%), brassicasterol (0.5-1.7%), 24-methylenecholesterol (0.1-0.4%) and two stanols (0.1-0.2%). Monounsaturated fatty acids included primarily 18:1(n-9)c (7-21%), 18:1(n-7)c (3-13%) and 16:1(n-7)c (2-7%). The main saturated fatty acids in krill were 16:0 (18-29%), 14:0 (2-15%) and 18:0 (1-13%). Highest eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)] occurred in E. superba (EPA, 15-21%; DHA, 9-14%), and were less abundant in other krill. E. superba is a good source of EPA and DHA for consideration of direct or indirect use as a food item for human consumption. Lower levels of 18:4(n-3) in E. tricantha, E. frigida and T. macrura (0.4-0.7% of total fatty acids) are more consistent with a carnivorous or omnivorous diet as compared with herbivorous E. superba (3.7-9.4%). The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 18:5(n-3) and the very-long chain (VLC-PUFA), C(26) and C(28) PUFA, were not present in 1997 samples, but were detected at low levels in most 1998 euphausiids. Interannual differences in these biomarkers suggest greater importance of dinoflagellates or some other phytoplankton group in the Elephant Island area during 1998. The data have enabled between year comparisons of trophodynamic interactions of krill collected in the Elephant Island region, and will be of use to groups using signature lipid methodology.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002 Apr
PMID:Interannual and between species comparison of the lipids, fatty acids and sterols of Antarctic krill from the US AMLR Elephant Island survey area. 1192 86

Acidic solutions of InCl3 plus InBr3 contain mixed halide complexes and solvent extraction yields the four-coordinate anions InCl(n)Br(4 - n)-, whose v(In-Cl) and v(In-Br) modes are reported. Two solid products of InCl3 with 15-crown-5 have been identified; crystallisation from aqueous HCI gave a molecular adduct containing InCl3(H2O)2, whereas the ionic complex [InCl2(15-crown-5)][InCl4] was produced under anhydrous conditions. The vibrational spectra are assigned.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2002 Mar 15
PMID:Spectroscopic characterisation of indium(III) chloride and mixed ligand complexes. 1194 1

Lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined in three species of edible fish caught in Senegalese waters during the upwelling season (January, 1993). Sardinella maderensis and Sardinella aurita are fat fish containing more than 5% (fresh wt.) of lipids, whereas Cephalopholis taeniops is a lean fish with approximately 1% of lipids. Skin, liver and muscle were studied for each fish species. About 40 fatty acids were identified by GC and GC/MS as methyl esters and N-acyl pyrrolidides. Palmitic acid was the main acid in the muscle and skin of all samples studied (20-33% of total fatty acids). Oleic acid was the main fatty acid in the liver of S. maderensis (27.2%+/-0.1) and S. aurita (44.7%+/-0.1). Arachidonic acid was a minor component in all samples. The flesh (muscle) of the three fish species contained high concentrations of omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ranging from 16.0 to 29.1% and including 20:5 omega3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and 22:6 omega3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) acids as major components. These two acids together accounted for 24.7%+/-0.1 and 12.9%+/-0.1 of total acids in the skin of S. maderensis and S. aurita, respectively. The percentages of PUFA found in the fish studied were very similar to those in fish used commercially as sources of PUFA. Muscle sterols, which accounted for 9-11% of total lipids, consisted mainly of cholesterol (up to 97% of total sterols).
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002 Mar
PMID:Lipids and fatty acids in muscle, liver and skin of three edible fish from the Senegalese coast: Sardinella maderensis, Sardinella aurita and Cephalopholis taeniops. 1195 21

Destruction of lung elastin is critical for development of emphysema associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung macrophages release elastolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, along with tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP). We examined the production and activity of macrophage-derived MMP-9 and TIMP-1 from alveolar macrophages (AM) from smokers with COPD, healthy smokers (HS), and nonsmokers (NS). AM were stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, or cigarette smoke-conditioned culture medium (CSM). AM from patients with COPD released greater amounts of MMP-9 with greater enzymatic activity than HS and NS. In contrast, AM from NS released more TIMP-1 than cells from HS and subjects with COPD. LPS and IL-1 beta caused a dose-dependent increase in MMP-9 release and activity, together with increased levels of TIMP-1. Dexamethasone prevented the increase in MMP-9 release, and increased TIMP-1 release. CSM increased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 release from AM of all groups. Dexamethasone decreased CSM-stimulated MMP-9 release, but had no effect on MMP-9 activity This study suggests that macrophages might be important in the development of COPD because these cells exhibit increased levels of elastolytic activity.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002 May
PMID:Release and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 by alveolar macrophages from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1197 Sep 13

Zymography and in situ hybridizition were used to investigate matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 (MMP-2, -9) activities, and expression of mRNAs for MMP-2, -9 and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1, -2, -3) in the rat uterus during early pregnancy (day 1-7). The zymography results showed two forms of MMP-2 (64 and 67 kDa) in the rat uteri during early pregnancy. The 64-kDa MMP-2 activity was the highest on day 2 (P < 0.01) and higher on day 5 and 6 (P < 0.05). The 67-kDa MMP-2 activity reached the highest on day 5 and 6 (P < 0.01). The 64-kDa MMP-2 activity at the implantation sites was higher than those at interimplantation sites (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 67 kDa MMP-2 can be converted to 64 kDa forms by incubation with p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA) and trypsin in vitro. The 92-kDa MMP-9 activity was only detected on day 5 and 6 of pregnancy (P < 0.01). In situ hybridization showed that on day 1-4 of pregnancy, both MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNAs were evidently localized in the basal stromal cells. On day 5, MMP-2 mRNA signals were decreased in the basal stromal cells and mRNA for TIMP-2 was expressed in the epithelial cells and subepithelial stromal cells. The mRNAs for MMP-9, TIMP-1, and -3 were mainly expressed in epithelial cells on day 1-5. At the implantation site on day 6, the mRNAs for MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, -2, and -3 were highly expressed in the primary decidual zone surrounding the implanting embryo, and in the whole decidualized stromal cells (the primary and secondary decidual zones) at the implantation site on day 7. The intensities of mRNAs for the TIMPs in decidualized stromal cells at the implantation site on day 6 and 7 were stronger than those for the MMPs. The weak mRNAs for MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, and -3 but not TIMP-2 were also observed in the ectoplacental cone/trophoblastic cells of the implanting embryos. However, at the interimplantation sites on day 6 and 7, MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, -2, and -3 mRNAs were weakly expressed in the epithelial cells, subepithelial stromal cells, and myometrium. The results suggested that the implanting rat embryo strongly induced MMP-2 and -9 proteins and gene expression for decidulization and embryo invasion, which were strictly controlled and balanced by the simultaneous expression of TIMP-1, -2 and -3.
Mol Reprod Dev 2002 Jun
PMID:Expression of matrix metalloproteinase -2, -9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase -1, -2, -3 mRNAs in rat uterus during early pregnancy. 1198 24


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