Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neutrophils are considered to play a central role in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). However, the pulmonary consequences of neutrophil accumulation have not been fully elucidated. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) had been postulated to participate in neutrophil transmigration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of MMP-9 in the neutrophilic inflammation of VILI. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: 1) low tidal volume (LVT), 7 ml/kg of tidal volume (VT); 2) high tidal volume (HVT), 30 ml/kg of VT; and 3) HVT with MMP inhibitor (HVT+MMPI). As a MMPI, CMT-3 was administered daily from 3 days before mechanical ventilation. Degree of VILI was assessed by wet-to-dry weight ratio and acute lung injury (ALI) scores. Neutrophilic inflammation was determined from the neutrophil count in the lung tissue and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). MMP-9 expression and activity were examined by immunohistochemical staining and gelatinase zymography, respectively. The wet-to-dry weight ratio, ALI score, neutrophil infiltration, and MPO activity were increased significantly in the HVT group. However, in the HVT+MMPI group, pretreatment with MMPI decreased significantly the degree of VILI, as well as neutrophil infiltration and MPO activity. These changes correlated significantly with MMP-9 immunoreactivity and MMP-9 activity. Most outcomes were significantly worse in the HVT+MMPI group compared with the LVT group. In conclusion, VILI mediated by neutrophilic inflammation is closely related to MMP-9 expression and activity. The inhibition of MMP-9 protects against the development of VILI through the downregulation of neutrophil-mediated inflammation.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006 Oct
PMID:Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 prevents neutrophilic inflammation in ventilator-induced lung injury. 1669 55

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a secreted type IV collagenase that plays an important role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the migration of normal and tumor cells. We have shown that CpG-ODN-induced migration of RAW 264.7 cell is regulated by MMP-9 activity by using tissue inhibitors of MMP-1 (TIMP-1). The MMP-9 gene expression was transcriptionally induced by CpG-ODN in a time-dependent manner. An MMP-9 promoter-reporter was activated by the stimulation of CpG-ODN and ectopical expression of NF-kappaB transcription factor. Inhibition of NF-kappaB nuclear localization by co-expression of a mutant IkappaBalpha protein blocked the CpG-ODN-induced MMP-9 promoter activation. BMS-345541, an IKK-2 inhibitor also inhibited the expression of MMP-9 gene induced by CpG-ODN. Direct binding of NF-kappaB protein to the promoter region of the MMP-9 was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation using NF-kappaB antibody. These results lead us to a conclusion that NF-kappaB activation is required for MMP-9 gene expression. In summary, our data suggest that NF-kappaB-dependent expression of MMP-9 in response to CpG-ODN plays an important role in the recruitment of immune cells.
Mol Immunol 2007 Feb
PMID:Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression and cell migration by NF-kappa B in response to CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides in RAW 264.7 cells. 1678 Sep 51

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is involved in inflammation and tumor progression. We previously demonstrated that interferon type I (alpha/beta) and II (gamma) inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-9 (92kDa) gene expression on lymphocytes from patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia and human monocytes. Since all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can regulate some interferon -responsive genes, we studied here the effects of all-trans retinoic acid onto matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in these cells. By using RT-PCR, ELISA and zymography experiments, we showed that all-trans retinoic acid down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 synthesis (mRNA,protein) and secretion. The inhibitory action of all-trans retinoic acid toward matrix metalloproteinase-9 was however not associated with the STAT1/IRF-1 pathway involved in interferon-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition indicating that all-trans retinoic acid did not bypass IFN receptor signaling. Using flow cytometry, we detected on the surface of monocytes low expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and Fc-gammaRI, and high expression of HLA-DR, beta1 and beta2 integrins. Enhancement of Fc-gammaRI and HLA-DR on monocytes by interferon-gamma, but not by all-trans retinoic acid, was accompanied by up-regulation of surface matrix metalloproteinase-9. Furthermore, we showed that all-trans retinoic acid down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in lymphocytes of untreated patients with early stage B chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Together, our data suggest the potential relevance of all-trans retinoic acid as a pharmacological tool to attenuate matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion in pathological situations.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2006 May 15
PMID:Comparative effects of interferon-gamma and all- trans retinoic acid on secreted and surface-associated matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression of human monocytes. 1691 95

For many breast cancer patients, human chorionic gonadotropin beta (hCGbeta), which is a subunit of a hormone produced by the trophoblast and is essential for maintaining pregnancy, is expressed in the breast cancer cells. However, the mechanism as to how the CGbeta in cell affects the cancer development is not very clear. Mouse breast carcinoma 4T1 with stably hCGbeta expression (4T1-hCGbeta) was established and transplanted into the Balb/c mouse abdominal mammary gland. hCGbeta suppressed breast cancer cell viability in vitro, and dramatically inhibited tumor growth and attenuated tumor vessel formation in vivo. An 86-88% reduction in tumor volume in animals injected with breast cancer expressing hCGbeta, as opposed to those injected with breast cancer without hCGbeta expression, was observed. The production of p21 was promoted by hCGbeta, whereas the Cdk2 was decreasing. These indicate that p21 signal pathway is involved in this process. Significant apoptosis was also detected in hCGbeta-expressing breast cancer cells as well as the enhancement of Bax protein expression. Moreover, hCGbeta blocked the blood vessels formation by inhibiting the expression of MMP9 and VEGF. Further hormone secretion analyses show that the anti-tumor activity induced by hCGbeta is not related to the endocrine function.
J Mol Med (Berl) 2006 Nov
PMID:Apoptosis and tumor inhibition induced by human chorionic gonadotropin beta in mouse breast carcinoma. 1692 66

Development of array methods contributes to elucidation of many genes expressed during oncogenesis. Our array-based analyses of gene expression in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) revealed several genes (MMP8, MMP9, PCNA, JNK2, MAPK p38) with significant increased expression. We suppose that the genes may be implicated in the disease development and a siRNA-suppression can elucidate their functions in leukemogenesis. One of the crucial requirements for this purpose is a high efficiency of siRNA delivery into CML primary cells. Using fluorescein-labeled siRNAs we systematically tested a variety of physical and chemical non-vector based transfection methods in order to evaluate which of them gave the most suitable transfer. Chemically synthesized siRNAs against mentioned genes were transfected into the cells and level of knockdown was determined by real time RT-PCR. Chemical transfection reagents (Oligofectamine, Metafectene, siPORT Amine) commonly used to transfect siRNAs in CML cell lines showed very low siRNA delivery in CML primary cells-mRNA levels decreased at the most to 76%. Electroporation achieved better results (suppression to 63%) but it was associated with high degree of cell death (more than 60%). In the study we obtained the best transfection efficiency using nucleofector technology. Gene expressions ranged 22-37% that remained from original levels. According to our results, nucleofection appears to be the only suitable non-viral method for siRNA delivery into the hard-to-transfect CML primary cells.
Mol Biol Rep 2007 Mar
PMID:Targeting of gene expression by siRNA in CML primary cells. 1709 12

The role for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tumor cells invasion and metastasis is well established, and expression of MMPs is recognized as an indication of tumor cell malignancy. Previous studies suggest that the degradation of the basement membrane is a crucial early step in epithelial transformation and ovarian tumorigenesis. Thus, MMPs may also express and exert a role in preneoplastic lesions of ovarian tissues. We investigated the expression of the major metalloproteinases, gelatinase A, 72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-2), and gelatinase B, 92 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-9), and the presence of basement membrane in ovarian tumors and tissues from prophylactic oophorectomies using immunostaining. MMP expression was also characterized in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and several nontumorigenic ovarian surface epithelial primary cells by zymography, Northern, and Western blots. We found, surprisingly, that MMP-2 and MMP-9 are expressed more frequently in early lesions than in established carcinomas. No correlation was found between the expression of MMPs and tumor grades or stages. In preneoplastic lesions, MMP-2 or MMP-9 expression often associates with the absence of basement membrane and morphological alterations. MMP-2 is often expressed in nontumorigenic ovarian surface epithelial cells but reduced or absent in cancer cells. Thus, we conclude that MMPs expression does not correlate with the malignancy of ovarian epithelial cells as generally thought. Rather, increased metalloproteinase expression is an early event in ovarian tumorigenesis and associates with the loss of epithelial basement membrane and morphological transformation. We propose that the increased MMP activity is an etiological factor for ovarian cancer risk. We found that MMPs expression does not correlate with the malignancy of ovarian epithelial cells as generally thought. Rather, increased metalloproteinase expression is an early event in ovarian tumorigenesis. The finding suggests roles of MMP in tumor initiation in addition to invasion, and may impact on the strategy for use of MMP inhibitors in cancer prevention.
Mol Carcinog 2007 Feb
PMID:Prominent expression of metalloproteinases in early stages of ovarian tumorigenesis. 1713 4

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a pivotal role in the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) and in the migration of normal and tumor cells in response to normal physiologic and numerous pathologic conditions. Here, we show that the transcription of the MMP-9 gene is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in cells of a macrophage lineage (RAW 264.7 cells). We provide evidence that the NF-kappaB binding site of the MMP-9 gene contributes to its expression in the LPS-signaling pathway, since mutation of NF-kappaB binding site of MMP-9 promoter leads to a dramatic reduction in MMP-9 promoter activation. In addition, the degradation of IkappaBalpha, and the presences of myeloid differentiation protein (MyD88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated kinase 6 (TRAF6) were found to be required for LPS-activated MMP-9 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that functional interaction between NF-kappaB and the MMP-9 promoter element is necessary for LPS-activated MMP-9 induction in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, our observations demonstrate that NF-kappaB contributes to LPS-induced MMP-9 gene expression in a mouse macrophage cell line.
J Biochem Mol Biol 2007 Jan 31
PMID:NF-kappaB-dependent regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression by lipopolysaccharide in a macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. 1724 87

The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a focus for study at present. However, its function in gastric cancer was not elucidated. Here, we investigated its relation with metastasis of gastric cancer. By immunohistochemistry, we found that the positive rate of p75NTR expression in metastatic gastric cancer was 15.09% (16 of 106), which was lower compared with nonmetastatic gastric cancer (64.15%; 68 of 106). The average staining score in nonmetastatic gastric cancer was significantly higher than in metastatic gastric cancer (1.21 +/- 0.35 versus 0.23 +/- 0.18; P<0.01). p75NTR protein level was also lowly expressed in the highly liver-metastatic gastric cancer cell line XGC9811-L compared with other gastric cancer cell lines by Western blotting. It could also significantly inhibit the in vitro adhesive, invasive, and migratory and in vivo metastatic abilities of gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901 and MKN45 by reducing urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 proteins and by increasing tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 protein. Further studies showed that p75NTR could suppress the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signal. SN50, a specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB, which could inhibit in vitro invasive and migratory abilities of gastric cancer cells, reduced expression of uPA and MMP9 proteins and increased expression of TIMP1 protein. Taken together, p75NTR had the function of inhibiting the invasive and metastatic abilities of gastric cancer cells, which was mediated, at least partially, by down-regulation of uPA and MMP9 proteins and up-regulation of TIMP1 protein via the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway. Our studies suggested that p75NTR may be used as a new potential therapeutic target in metastatic gastric cancer.
Mol Cancer Res 2007 May
PMID:p75 neurotrophin receptor inhibits invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. 1751 Mar 9

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) kills approximately 2 million people each year. MTb must drive host tissue destruction to disseminate and also to cause pulmonary cavitation. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) is implicated in this Tb-related immunopathology. We demonstrate that conditioned media from MTb-infected monocytes (CoMTb), but not direct infection with MTb, up-regulates MMP-9 gene expression and secretion from primary human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE). MMP-9 secretion was increased 8.7-fold by CoMTb (P < 0.05) as assayed by gelatin zymography. A549 and 16HBE14o epithelial cell MMP secretion was significantly less than primary NHBE secretion. MMP-9 secretion was decreased 53.2% by inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by SB203580 (P < 0.01) and 48.3% by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase with PD98059 (P < 0.05). MMP-9 secretion was prostaglandin independent. TNF-alpha was necessary but not sufficient for MMP-9 up-regulation by the monocyte-epithelial cell network. Soluble factors derived from Tb culture synergized with TNF-alpha to increase MMP-9 secretion by NHBE 6-fold (P < 0.01 compared with either stimulus alone). Together, these data reveal a new mechanism by which host- and pathogen-derived factors act together in MTb infection to drive MAPK-dependent MMP-9 secretion from respiratory epithelial cells.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007 Oct
PMID:Synergistic up-regulation of epithelial cell matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion in tuberculosis. 1757 75

The single-gene approaches in association studies of polygenic diseases are likely to provide limited value in predicting risk. The combined analysis of genetic variants that interact in the same pathway may amplify the effects of individual polymorphisms and enhance the predictive power. To evaluate higher order gene-gene interaction, we have examined the contribution of four angiogenic gene polymorphisms (VEGF-1154G/A; VEGF-634G/C; MMP9-1562C/T and TSP1-8831A/G) in combination to the risk of prostate cancer. For the combined analysis of VEGF and MMP9 SNPs, we found a significant gene-dosage effect for increasing numbers of potential high-risk genotypes. Compared to referent group (low-risk genotypes), individuals with one (OR = 2.79, P = 0.1), two (OR = 4.57, P = 0.02) and three high-risk genotypes (OR = 7.11, P = 0.01) had increasingly elevated risks of prostate cancer. Similarly, gene-gene interaction of VEGF and TSP1 polymorphisms increased risk of prostate cancer in additive manner (OR = 6.00, P = 0.03), although the TSP1 polymorphism itself was not associated with the risk. In addition, we examined the synergistic effect of these polymorphisms in relation to prostate cancer prognosis according to histopathological grade and clinical stage at diagnosis. Cross-classified analysis revealed potential higher order gene-gene interactions between VEGF and TSP1 polymorphisms in increasing the risk of developing an aggressive phenotype disease. Patients carrying three high-risk genotypes showed a 20-fold increased risk of high-grade tumor (OR = 20.75, P = 0.002). These results suggest that the gene-gene interaction of angiogenic gene polymorphisms' increased risk of prostate cancer onset and aggressiveness.
Mol Biol Rep 2009 Jan
PMID:Combined effects of the angiogenic genes polymorphisms on prostate cancer susceptibility and aggressiveness. 1791 89


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