Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A human Xqter chromosome cosmid library was screened with a mixed probe derived from porcine kidney mRNA. A new expressed gene was identified in a cosmid clone known to be part of a G6PD cosmid contig. This gene is most likely a housekeeping gene because the cDNA clone recognizes a 1 kb mRNA transcript in all cell lines and tissues tested. Hybridizing genomic DNA of several species with a cDNA probe indicated that the gene is highly conserved during evolution and that it belongs to a gene family. The genomic sequence shows a 100% homology with the recently identified QM cDNA sequence.
Hum Mol Genet 1992 Jul
PMID:Identification and characterization of a new gene in the human Xq28 region. 130 97

Na,K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit gene (ATP1A1) is one of the housekeeping genes involved in homeostasis of Na+ and K+ in all animal cells. We identified and characterized the cis-acting elements that regulate the expression of ATP1A1. The region between -155 and -49 was determined as a positive regulatory region in five cultured cell lines of different tissue origins (MDCK, B103, L6, 3Y1, and HepG2). The region was divided into three subregions: from -120 to -106 (including the Sp1 binding site), from -102 to -61, and from -58 to -49 (including an Sp1 consensus sequence). Cell type-specific factors binding to the middle subregion (from -102 to -61) were detected by gel retardation analysis, using nuclear extracts prepared from MDCK and B103 cells. Two gel retardation complexes were formed in the B103 nuclear extract, and three were formed in the MDCK nuclear extract. DNA binding regions of these factors were located at -88 to -69 and differed from each other in DNase I footprinting experiments. These factors also showed different binding characteristics in gel retardation competition and methylation interference experiments. The identified cis element was named the ATP1A1 regulatory element. The core sequence of this element is found in several other genes involved in cellular energy metabolism, suggesting that the sequence is a common regulatory element responsive to the state of energy metabolism.
Mol Cell Biol 1992 Sep
PMID:Housekeeping Na,K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit gene promoter is composed of multiple cis elements to which common and cell type-specific factors bind. 132 13

Further analysis of hybrid clones from an experimental cross of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense 058 and T. b. brucei 196 shows 2 of the hybrid clones to have DNA contents about 1.5 times parental values. This represents over 40,000 kb of extra DNA. Comparison of the molecular karyotypes of parental and progeny trypanosomes shows that the bulk of the extra DNA constitutes chromosomes greater than 1 Mb in size, although a small proportion can be accounted for by an increased number of mini-chromosomes. The 2 hybrid clones have 3 alleles at several loci for housekeeping genes as shown by RFLP and isoenzyme analysis. Trisomy of the chromosome carrying phosphoglycerate kinase and tubulin genes and that carrying the phospholipase C gene was demonstrated by analysis of molecular karyotypes. These chromosomes appear prone to substantial size alterations associated with genetic exchange. Our results for one of the hybrid clones are completely consistent with it being triploid and the product of fusion of haploid and diploid nuclei.
Mol Biochem Parasitol 1992 Apr
PMID:Trisomy and chromosome size changes in hybrid trypanosomes from a genetic cross between Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. brucei. 134 22

Curli are thin, coiled, temperature-regulated fibres on fibronectin-binding Escherichia coli. The subunit protein of curli was highly homologous at its amino terminus to SEF-17, the subunit protein of thin, aggregative fimbriae of Salmonella enteritidis 27655 strain 3b, suggesting that these fibres form a novel class of surface organelles on enterobacteria. E. coli HB101 is non-curliated and unable to bind soluble, iodinated fibronectin. The phenotypically cryptic curlin subunit gene, csgA, in HB101 is transcriptionally activated by expressing the cytoplasmic Crl on a multicopy plasmid. Transcriptional activation of csgA by Crl was observed after growth at 26 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C, even though crl transcription was not thermoregulated. A deletion of the 39 carboxy-terminal residues abolished Crl activity, whereas a deletion of 10 residues at the C-terminus did not, implying that a region between residue 93 and 122 in the 132-amino-acid-residue large Crl protein is required for activating curli expression in E. coli HB101. crl is a normal housekeeping gene in E. coli and it is suggested that its gene product may either be a DNA-binding protein affecting chromatin structure as has been suggested for histone-like protein H1 or interact with specific regulatory protein(s) controlling transcription of genes required for curli formation and fibronectin binding.
Mol Microbiol 1992 Sep
PMID:The Crl protein activates cryptic genes for curli formation and fibronectin binding in Escherichia coli HB101. 135 28

Mammalian liver development is accompanied by a transition from rapid growth in the fetus to a quiescent state in the adult. However, extensive proliferation can be induced in the adult liver by partial hepatectomy. In this study, we examined the regulation of ribosomal protein (rp) gene expression in the developing and regenerating rat liver. Our results indicate that the translation of rp mRNAs is selectively repressed by about 70% upon development from fetal to adult life, as illustrated by the decrease in ribosomal loading. In addition, the relative abundance of these mRNAs, like that of several other, but not all, housekeeping mRNAs, declines during development through a posttranscriptional mechanism. When liver cells commence growth following partial hepatectomy, translation of rp mRNAs is resumed to near-maximal capacity, as judged by their very efficient recruitment into polysomes. The concomitant increase in the abundance rp mRNAs under these circumstances is achieved by a posttranscriptional mechanism. The apparent fluctuations in the translation efficiency of rp mRNAs are accompanied by parallel changes in the expression of the genes encoding the initiation factors eIF-4E and eIF-4A. Our results indicate that selective translational control of rp mRNAs in mammals is not confined to manipulated cells in culture but constitutes an important regulatory mechanism operating in vivo in the course of liver development and regeneration.
Mol Cell Biol 1992 May
PMID:Selective translational control and nonspecific posttranscriptional regulation of ribosomal protein gene expression during development and regeneration of rat liver. 137 10

The steady-state level of the neuromodulin transcript in the neuron-like N1E-115 cell line was measured with a method combining reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). Total RNA was isolated from N1E-115 cells and treated with DNAse to remove residual DNA; cDNA was synthesized from this RNA by priming with random hexamers. For PCR amplification, primers for neuromodulin were designed for regions of the coding sequence that were identical in mouse, rat, and human. In one approach (the 'ratio method'), variations in RNA yield and cDNA synthesis efficiency were controlled for by amplifying a reference (housekeeping) gene (glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase; GAPDH). To control for inter-experimental variations in PCR amplification efficiencies the data were analyzed on semi-logarithmic plots, with which the relative levels of the starting templates could be determined by extrapolating the plots to cycle number zero (0). In another approach with RT/PCR (the 'spiking method'), the absolute level of N1E-115 neuromodulin cDNA was assessed by adding known amounts of cloned human neuromodulin template to the RT/PCR assay of N1E-115 nucleic acid and comparing the increased yield of product across cycles. When the spike was added at either the cDNA level (in the form of double-stranded DNA) or at the total RNA level (as sense RNA), the levels of N1E-115 calculated were virtually the same: 509 fg and 495 fg of coding region per ug total RNA in confluent N1E-115 cells, respectively. Treatment of N1E-115 cells with 2% dimethylsulfoxide for three days elevated neuromodulin mRNA levels 5.6-fold. Conversely, treatment of N1E-115 cells with 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate for 24 h decreased the level of neuromodulin mRNA by 70%. Under carefully controlled conditions and within certain limits of precision, the RT/PCR method appears to be suitable for assessing the level of low abundance mRNA under various pharmacologically-induced conditions.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 Mar
PMID:Transcriptional regulation of neuromodulin (GAP-43) in mouse neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 as evaluated by the RT/PCR method. 137 7

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are polypeptide hormones with structural homology to proinsulin. IGFs circulate in blood bound to specific IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). cDNA sequences of six members of a family of human and rat IGFBPs have been published. Here we present a partial characterization of the human IGFBP-2 gene. This single copy gene is located on chromosome 2 and spans a total of more than 32 kilobases (kb) of genomic sequence. It is organized in four exons with sizes of more than 568, 220, 141, and 496 nucleotides. The intron between exon one and exon two contributes 27 kb to the size of the IGFBP-2 gene. The second and the third introns comprise 1.1 kb and 1.95 kb, respectively. When the structure of the IGFBP-2 gene is compared to that of the IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 genes, the exon boundaries are found to be conserved in these three genes. A single transcriptional start site was localized to 113 +/- 2 nucleotides 5' of the ATG start codon of IGFBP-2 translation. Furthermore, the region between nucleotides -635 and -2 upstream of the ATG was demonstrated to exhibit promoter activity in human Jurkat K16 cells. This region is devoid of TATA or CAAT consensus sequence motifs and has a high content of dC and dG nucleotides. In this respect the putative IGFBP-2 promoter region resembles the promoters which are often associated with housekeeping genes.
Mol Endocrinol 1992 May
PMID:Structure of the human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 gene. 137 11

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) catalyses an important step in isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. In Hevea brasiliensis, HMGR is encoded by a small gene family comprised of three members, hmg1, hmg2 and hmg3. We have previously described hmg1 and hmg2 (Plant Mol Biol 16: 567-577, 1991). Here we report the isolation and characterization of hmg3 genomic and cDNA clones. In comparison to hmg1 which is more highly expressed in laticifers than in leaves, the level of hmg3 mRNA level is equally abundant in laticifers and leaves. In situ hybridization experiments showed that the expression of hmg3 is not cell-type specific while hmg1 is expressed predominantly in the laticifers. Primer-extension experiments using laticifer RNA showed that hmg1 is induced by ethylene while hmg3 expression remains constitutive. The hmg3 promoter, like the promoters of most housekeeping genes, lacks a TATA box. Our results suggest that hmg1 is likely to encode the enzyme involved in rubber biosynthesis while hmg3 is possibly involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis of a housekeeping nature.
Plant Mol Biol 1992 Jun
PMID:Three genes encode 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in Hevea brasiliensis: hmg1 and hmg3 are differentially expressed. 137 68

Studies of natural populations of Neisseria meningitidis using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis have shown extensive genetic variation within this species, which, it has been proposed, implies a level of sequence diversity within meningococci that is greater than that normally considered as the criterion for species limits in bacteria. To obtain a direct measure of the sequence diversity among meningococci, we obtained the nucleotide sequences of most of the argF, recA and fbp genes of eight meningococci of widely differing electrophoretic type (from the reference collection of Caugant). Sequence variation between the meningococcal strains ranged from 0-0.6% for fbp, 0-1.3% for argF, and 0-3.3% for recA. These levels of diversity are no greater than those found within Escherichia coli 'housekeeping' genes and suggest that multilocus enzyme electrophoresis may overestimate the extent of nucleotide sequence diversity within meningococci. The average sequence divergence between the Neisseria meningitidis strains and N. gonorrhoeae strain FA19 was 1.0% for fbp and 1.6% for recA. The argF gene, although very uniform among the eight meningococcal isolates, had a striking mosaic structure when compared with the gonococcal argF gene: two regions of the gene differed by greater than 13% in nucleotide sequence between meningococci and gonococci, whereas the rest of the gene differed by less than 1.7%. One of the diverged regions was shown to have been introduced from the argF gene of a commensal Neisseria species that is closely related to Neisseria cinerea. The source of the other region was unclear.
Mol Microbiol 1992 Aug
PMID:Sequence diversity within the argF, fbp and recA genes of natural isolates of Neisseria meningitidis: interspecies recombination within the argF gene. 140 54

A gene (SCPEPCD1) encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was isolated from the C-4 monocot sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid var. H32-8560). SCPEPCD1 is ca. 6800 bp long, with 10 exons. The entire gene sequence from -1561 to 262 bp downstream of the putative poly(A) addition signal is reported. A low-level, essentially constitutive pattern of expression, amino acid sequence similarities to other 'housekeeping' PEPC enzymes, and the absence of DNA sequence elements conserved in the upstream region of maize and sorghum C-4-specific PEPC genes indicate that SCPEPCD1 encodes a housekeeping PEPC. Despite this, a motif proposed to act as a phosphorylation site in light-mediated activation of photosynthetic PEPC enzymes [10] is present in the SCPEPCD1 protein; evidence is presented for the presence of this site in other housekeeping PEPC proteins.
Plant Mol Biol 1992 Nov
PMID:Structure and expression of a sugarcane gene encoding a housekeeping phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. 145 Mar 81


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