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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The loss of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity, the activity of mitochondrial electron transfer complex I, underlies the loss of mitochondrial phosphorylating respiration with NAD-linked substrates observed during myocardial ischemia. In the present study the loss of complex I activity was found to be considerably more rapid during zero-flow ischemia in rat heart, a fast heart-rate heart, than in dog heart, a slow heart-rate heart. Moreover, the greater rapidity of the loss of complex I activity in the ischemic rat heart appeared to reflect the more rapid and more severe decreases in tissue pH and in tissue ATP characteristic of the zero-flow ischemic rat heart compared to zero-flow ischemic dog heart. In vitro enzyme inactivation studies on dog heart electron transfer complex I showed that the enzyme was approximately 40% inactivated after 1 minute by incubation at pH 6.0 in the absence of added ATP. The effect of low pH upon enzyme activity was mitigated considerably by the presence of one to two mM MgATP in the incubation mixtures. Moreover, a portion of the activity-sparing effect of MgATP was still observed in the presence of the uncoupler, FCCP. This latter observation suggests that part of the function-stabilizing effect of ATP was attributable to inner membrane energization and part appeared to have been due to a direct protective effect of ATP upon the complex.
J Mol Cell Cardiol 1991 Oct
PMID:Effects of acidosis and ATP depletion on cardiac muscle electron transfer complex I. 174 4

The protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a burgeoning family of proteins, each of which bears a conserved domain of 250 to 300 amino acids capable of phosphorylating substrate proteins on tyrosine residues. We recently exploited the existence of two highly conserved sequence elements within the catalytic domain to generate PTK-specific degenerate oligonucleotide primers (A. F. Wilks, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:1603-1607, 1989). By application of the polymerase chain reaction, portions of the catalytic domains of several novel PTKs were amplified. We describe here the primary sequence of one of these new PTKs, JAK1 (from Janus kinase), a member of a new class of PTK characterized by the presence of a second phosphotransferase-related domain immediately N terminal to the PTK domain. The second phosphotransferase domain bears all the hallmarks of a protein kinase, although its structure differs significantly from that of the PTK and threonine/serine kinase family members. A second member of this family (JAK2) has been partially characterized and exhibits a similar array of kinase-related domains. JAK1 is a large, widely expressed membrane-associated phosphoprotein of approximately 130,000 Da. The PTK activity of JAK1 has been located in the C-terminal PTK-like domain. The role of the second kinaselike domain is unknown.
Mol Cell Biol 1991 Apr
PMID:Two novel protein-tyrosine kinases, each with a second phosphotransferase-related catalytic domain, define a new class of protein kinase. 184 70

Electron-microscopic morphometry has been applied to study mitochondria on ultrathin sections of lymphocytes from human peripheral blood. It has been shown that the stimulation of lymphocytes by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) 1 h causes increases in the quantity of mitochondria per cellular section (17%) as well as in the total area of mitochondria per cell section (35%), i.e. an increase in mitochondrial mass. Taking into account known facts about growth and division of mitochondria in late phases of cellular cycle, one can suppose that described above changes in mitochondria during G0----G1 transition under action of PHA belong to an early phase of biogenesis of mitochondria. In the contrary, irradiation of lymphocytes with He-Ne-laser (lambda = 632.8 nm) in dose 56 J/m2 which does not cause the G0----C1 transition, results in the increase in the number of mitochondria per cellular section (20%) but not increase in the total area of mitochondria per cell section. The last finding indicates to some modification of space configuration of the mitochondria without any changes in their mass. The increase in the quantity of mitochondria per cellular section after the irradiation could be related with the increase in electrochemical proton gradient and in phosphorylating activity of mitochondria. He-Ne-laser radiation as well as mitogen PHA cause some deaggregation of mitochondria (this is more pronounced in case of PHA) which may be related to their functional activation.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[The effect of irradiation by a He-Ne laser and phytohemagglutinin on lymphocyte mitochondria]. 189 39

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae lambda gt11 library was screened with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies in an attempt to identify a gene encoding a tyrosine kinase. A subclone derived from one positive phage was sequenced and found to contain an 821-amino-acid open reading frame that encodes a protein with homology to protein kinases. We tested the activity of the putative kinase by constructing a vector encoding a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein containing most of the predicted polypeptide. The fusion protein phosphorylated endogenous substrates and enolase primarily on serine and threonine. The gene was designated SPK1 for serine-protein kinase. Expression of the Spk1 fusion protein in bacteria stimulated serine, threonine, and tyrosine phosphorylation of bacterial proteins. These results, combined with the antiphosphotyrosine immunoreactivity induced by the kinase, indicate that Spk1 is capable of phosphorylating tyrosine as well as phosphorylating serine and threonine. In in vitro assays, the fusion protein kinase phosphorylated the synthetic substrate poly(Glu/Tyr) on tyrosine, but the activity was weak compared with serine and threonine phosphorylation of other substrates. To determine if other serine/threonine kinases would phosphorylate poly(Glu/Tyr), we tested calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The two kinases had similar tyrosine-phosphorylating activities. These results establish that the functional difference between serine/threonine- and tyrosine-protein kinases is not absolute and suggest that there may be physiological circumstances in which tyrosine phosphorylation is mediated by serine/threonine kinases.
Mol Cell Biol 1991 Feb
PMID:Spk1, a new kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, phosphorylates proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine. 189 89

We have cloned a novel kinase (STY) from an embryonal carcinoma cell line. Sequence analysis of the STY cDNA reveals that it shares sequence homology with serine/threonine-type kinases and yet the bacterial expression product of the STY cDNA appears to have serine-, threonine-, and tyrosine-phosphorylating activities. The predicted STY protein is highly basic and contains a putative nuclear localization signal. During differentiation, two new mRNAs were detected in addition to the embryonic transcript.
Mol Cell Biol 1991 Jan
PMID:STY, a tyrosine-phosphorylating enzyme with sequence homology to serine/threonine kinases. 198 48

Regional variations in protein phosphorylating activity in the rat brain were studied. Micro-slices (1 mm diameter) were prepared from 19 brain areas, phosphoproteins labeled by incubation with [32P]phosphate, and the tissue analyzed by nonequilibrium two-dimensional electrophoresis and autoradiography. Attention was focused on three phosphorylating systems that showed consistent variation in activity. (1) A system that phosphorylates a substrate of 47 kDa (ppH-47) whose activity was highest in the hippocampus. The next highest activity of this system was observed in the globus pallidus, followed by the periventricular gray matter of the aqueduct, lateral septum, cerebellar cortex, entorhinal cortex, hypothalamus, mammillary nuclei, amygdala, and substantia nigra. Activity was low or undetectable in the cerebral cortex, neostriatum, and the colliculi. (2) A system that phosphorylates a substrate of 50 kDa (ppC-50) whose activity was highest in the caudate nucleus. The activity of this system was roughly inversely correlated with that of the ppH-47 system. (3) The protein kinase C system that phosphorylates an 82- to 87-kDa substrate known as MARCKS. The highest activity of this system was observed in the cerebellar cortex, followed by the hypothalamus, mammillary nuclei, periventricular gray matter of the aqueduct, and the superior colliculus. Activity of this system was relatively low in several regions of the cerebral cortex, the neostriatum, and the inferior colliculus.
J Mol Neurosci 1990
PMID:Regional variations in protein phosphorylating activity in rat brain studied in micro-slices labeled with [32P]phosphate. 207 77

Many oncogene products have been shown to bear strong homology to or to interact with components of normal cellular signal transduction. We have previously shown that a glycoprotein band of 95 kilodaltons (kDa) becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in chick cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus and that tyrosine phosphorylation of this protein band correlates tightly with phenotypic transformation in cells infected with a large and diverse panel of src mutants (L. M. Kozma, A. B. Reynolds, and M. J. Weber, Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:837-841, 1990). In this communication, we report that a component of the 95-kDa glycoprotein band is related or identical to the 95-kDa beta subunit of the receptor for insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I). We found that the beta subunit of the IGF-I receptor comigrated on polyacrylamide gels with a component of the 95-kDa glycoprotein region from src-transformed cells under both reducing and nonreducing gel conditions and had a very similar partial phosphopeptide map. To further test the hypothesis that the beta subunit of the IGF-I receptor becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in cells transformed by pp60src, a human cell line that expressed the IGF-I receptor was transformed by src. Comparison of IGF-I receptors immunoprecipitated from normal and transformed cells revealed that the beta subunit of the IGF-I receptor became constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in src-transformed cells. Moreover, IGF-I receptor phosphorylation induced by src was synergistic with that induced by the hormone: IGF-I-stimulated autophosphorylation of the receptor was much greater in src-transformed cells than in untransformed HOS cells even at maximal concentrations of IGF-I. This increased responsiveness to IGF-I was not due to increases in receptor number, time course of phosphorylation, or affinity for hormone. Finally, no IGF-I-like activity could be detected in culture supernatants collected from the src-transformed cells, suggesting that the increased receptor phosphorylation observed in the src-transformed cells may be mediated by an intracellular mechanism rather than an external autocrine stimulation. Our data demonstrate that the IGF-I receptor becomes constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in src-transformed cells. This finding raises the possibility that pp60v-src alters growth regulation at least in part by phosphorylating and activating this growth factor receptor.
Mol Cell Biol 1990 Jul
PMID:Constitutive phosphorylation of the receptor for insulinlike growth factor I in cells transformed by the src oncogene. 216 77

A model for the domain structure of sigma 54-dependent transcriptional activators, based on sequence data, has been tested by examining the function of truncated and chimaeric proteins. Removal of the N-terminal domain of NtrC abolishes transcriptional activation, indicating that this domain is positively required for activator function. Over-expression of this domain as a separate peptide appears to titrate out the phosphorylating activity of NtrB. Removal of the N-terminal domain of NifA reduces activation 3-4-fold. The residual activity is particularly sensitive to inhibition by NifL, suggesting that the role of the N-terminal domain is to block the action of NifL in derepressing conditions. The C-terminal domain of NtrC showed repressor activity when expressed as a separate peptide. This domain is necessary for activator function even when NtrC binding sites are deleted from promoters. A point mutation in the ATP-binding motif of the NtrC central domain, Ser169 to Ala, also abolished activator function. Exchanging the N-terminal domains of Klebsiella pneumoniae NtrC, NifA and Escherichia coli OmpR, did not produce any hybrid activity, suggesting that N-terminal domains in the native proteins specifically recognize the rest of the molecule.
Mol Microbiol 1990 Jan
PMID:The function of isolated domains and chimaeric proteins constructed from the transcriptional activators NifA and NtrC of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 218 Dec 38

The structural relationship between isoenzymes I and II of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) EC 1.2.1.13) has been established at the protein level. The complete primary structure of subunits A and B of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase I from Spinacia oleracea has been determined by sequence analysis of the corresponding tryptic peptides, aligned by fragments derived from cyanogen bromide and Staphylococcus proteinase V8 digestions and by partially sequencing each intact subunit. Subunit A has an Mr of 36,225 and consists of 337 amino acid residues, whilst subunit B (Mr 39,355) consists of 368 residues. The amino acid sequence of subunit B, as determined through direct analysis of the protein, is identical to that recently deduced at cDNA level (Brinkmann et al. (1989) Plant Mol. Biol. 13, 81-94). The two subunits share a common portion of amino acid sequence which differs by 66 amino acid residues. Subunit B has an extra C-terminal sequence of 31 amino acid residues. Chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase II was partially characterized by sequencing the N-terminal portion of the intact protein and some of its tryptic peptides. The sequences of all the examined fragments fit precisely that of the corresponding regions of subunit A from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase I.
 ...
PMID:Chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP): amino acid sequence of the subunits from isoenzyme I and structural relationship with isoenzyme II. 222 45

Mannose permease is a constitutive component of the phosphotransferase system in Escherichia coli. This complex consists of two transmembrane subunits (II-PMan, Mr = 28,000 and II-MMan, Mr = 31,000) and a hydrophilic subunit (IIIMan). IIIMan functions as a phosphorylating enzyme and exists as a soluble homo-dimer of Mr = 70,000 in the cytosol. The N-terminal domain (P13) of IIIMan contains a phosphorylation site and the interface for dimerization. P13 has been crystallized in two different forms: type I, orthorhombic, space group C222 with a = 98.7 A, b = 106.5 A and c = 57.4 A, and type II, monoclinic, space group P2(1), with a = 54.4 A, b = 100.5 A, c = 58.1 A and beta = 90.5 degrees. Both types of crystal are suitable for X-ray diffraction studies.
J Mol Biol 1990 Dec 05
PMID:Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the N-terminal domain of the phosphorylating subunit of mannose permease from Escherichia coli. 225 28


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