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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the effect of growth hormone on local growth factor mRNA expression in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Repetitive systemic administration of growth hormone (0.4 IU every 4 h) increased the expression of IGF-I mRNA up to 2.8-fold in costal cartilage tissue compared with controls. Basic FGF (bFGF) mRNA expression gradually increased up to 15.5-fold compared with pre-injection samples, where the mRNA expression was 5.3-times greater than vehicle-injected controls. TGF-beta mRNA showed little changes. Moreover, one microgram/ml of growth hormone enhanced the expression of bFGF mRNA in costal chondrocytes in culture. We conclude that growth hormone increased the local expression of bFGF, as well as that of IGF-I, in cartilage, and suggest that bFGF is directly regulated by growth hormone within a local area.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1995 Jul
PMID:Administration of growth hormone modulates the gene expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in rat costal cartilage, both in vivo and in vitro. 758 90

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder which associates epistaxis, mucocutaneous and visceral telangiectases, and recurrent haemorrhage with chronic anaemia and visceral shuntings. Recently, the tumour growth factor (TGF)-beta binding protein endoglin localized to 9q33-34 was identified as responsible for HHT in several large kindreds with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). Additional linkage studies demonstrated that HHT is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with families unlinked to this region of 9q. In the families in which HHT was not linked to chromosome 9, less PAVMs were present. Furthermore, in one of these families, HHT was found linked to 3p22, where the TGF-beta II receptor is located. In this linkage study, we have analysed DNA from two families, in which HHT was unlinked to chromosome 9q and 3p, and PAVMs were absent, with a series of genetic markers on the centromeric region of chromosome 12. Using two-point linkage analysis, a significant lod score of Zmax = 7.86 at theta = 0.05 was obtained with the D12S85 microsatellite marker.
Hum Mol Genet 1995 May
PMID:A third locus for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia maps to chromosome 12q. 763 56

The effect of growth factors on regulating gene expression in the preimplantation mouse embryo was examined, since results of previous experiments revealed a stimulatory effect of exogenously-added growth factors on preimplantation development in vitro. Treatment of early cavitating blastocysts with either 250 pM TGF-alpha or TGF-beta results in changes in the pattern of total protein synthesis as assessed by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In some cases, the synthesis of a particular polypeptide is either up- or downregulated by each growth factor, whereas in other instances the synthesis of a polypeptide is modulated by one but not the other growth factor. Use of the mRNA differential display method permitted the identification of genes whose expression is either up- or downregulated by these growth factors. Treatment of mouse blastocysts with either TGF-alpha or TGF-beta results in the increased expression of the b subunit of the F0ATPase. TGF-beta also stimulates the expression of the DNA polymerase alpha. TGF-alpha treatment results in the increase in expression of a gene homologous to the human HEPG2 cDNA, as well as in a decrease in expression of fibronectin.
Mol Reprod Dev 1995 Jun
PMID:Modulation of gene expression in the preimplantation mouse embryo by TGF-alpha and TGF-beta. 765 66

Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells provide useful model systems for studying differentiation during early mammalian development. Previous studies have demonstrated that differentiation of two restricted mouse EC cell lines is accompanied by activation of the TGF-beta 2 gene. Moreover, one negative and two positive regulatory regions upstream of the transcription start site were identified, which appear to play key roles in the transcriptional regulation of the human TGF-beta 2 gene. In this report, we demonstrate that the same three regulatory regions strongly influence the activity of the TGF-beta 2 promoter in differentiated cells derived from the multipotent human EC cell line, NT2/D1, and from the murine totipotent ES cell line, CCE. We also determined that the same three regions are active in the regulation of the TGF-beta 2 gene in the murine parietal endoderm-like cell line, PYS-2. However, an additional negative regulatory region appears to contribute to the regulation of the TGF-beta 2 gene in PYS-2 cells. Last, mutation of a CRE/ATF element located just upstream of the transcription start site of the TGF-beta 2 gene reduces significantly the activity of the TGF-beta 2 promoter in the differentiated cells. However, in contrast to our previous findings, our gel mobility shift analyses demonstrate that this CRE/ATF element is bound by similar proteins in nuclear extracts prepared from undifferentiated and differentiated mouse EC cells as well as from undifferentiated human EC cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mol Reprod Dev 1995 Jun
PMID:Cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors involved in the regulation of the transforming growth factor-beta 2 gene. 765 67

We have shown previously that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is antimitotic for human fetal adrenal (HFA) cells in vitro and that this effect can be partially blocked by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In the present study, we sought to determine whether ACTH might interfere with TGF-beta 1 action by means of reducing TGF-beta 1 binding to adrenal cells. We incubated adrenal cells with 50 pM 125I-labeled TGF-beta 1 for 15 min to 3 h at 4 degree C and found that the binding of 125I-labeled TGF-beta 1 increased with time and could be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by non-labeled TGF-beta 1 (0.05-10 nM), but not with other relevant cytokines: IL6, TNF alpha,IGF-I, IGF-II, TGF-alpha, and EGF. Pretreatment of HFA cells with ACTH (0.009-900 nM) for 4-24 h significantly increased specific 125I-labeled TGF-beta 1 binding compared to that in untreated cells; maximal increases in binding were achieved with 0.9 nM ACTH. This effect of ACTH could be mimicked by treatment of adrenal cells with dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM) or forskolin (10 microM). Scatchard analysis of data from ACTH-treated cells suggest the presence of two populations of TGF-beta 1 binding sites with different affinity and capacity of binding for the ligand.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1995 Apr 01
PMID:Receptor binding of transforming growth factor-beta by human fetal adrenal cells. 766 78

Chronic exposure of the gray, short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces highly vascularized mesenchymal tumors of the cornea. Cell lines derived from these UVR-induced corneal tumors and the corneal tumors themselves were examined for the presence of mRNA coding for basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors (FGF), transforming growth factors-beta and -alpha (TGF-beta and TGF-alpha), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Basic FGF was expressed in the cell lines derived from corneal tumors and in the corneal tumors. Expression of basic FGF was high in one corneal tumor. Transcripts for acidic FGF were detected only in the corneal tumor cell lines, not in primary tumors. TGF-beta expression was detected in the corneal tumors and tumor-derived cell lines. TGF-alpha, EGF, and TNF-alpha transcripts were not detectable in any opossum material; however, homologous gene sequences for TGF-alpha and EGF were detected on Southern blots of opossum genomic DNA. Southern blot analysis revealed no evidence of amplification or rearrangement of the genes for basic FGF or acidic FGF in the UVR-induced corneal tumor that expressed high levels of basic FGF. Opossum basic FGF, which stimulated the proliferation of fetal bovine heart endothelial cells, was purified by heparin affinity chromatography from a UVR-induced corneal tumor and a corneal tumor cell line. Immunoblotting of opossum basic FGF from a corneal tumor cell line using antiserum to bovine basic FGF showed two prominent immunoreactive bands of 17.5 and 18.5 kDa. Expression of basic FGF and acidic FGF may play a role in the development and progression of UVR-induced corneal tumors in M. domestica.
Mol Carcinog 1993
PMID:Expression of fibroblast growth factors in ultraviolet radiation-induced corneal tumors and corneal tumor cell lines from Monodelphis domestica. 768 86

Previous studies demonstrated that differentiation of embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells increases the expression of the TGF-beta 2 gene and identified a CRE/ATF-like motif in the TGF-beta 2 promoter that is necessary for its activity. This suggested that differentiation may increase the transcription of this gene by differential binding of transcription factors to the CRE/ATF-like motif. To test this possibility, we performed gel mobility shift analysis using double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides containing the TGF-beta 2 CRE/ATF-like motif and nuclear extracts prepared from F9 EC cells and F9-differentiated cells. We determined that the DNA/protein complexes formed by the EC nuclear extracts, but not the complexes formed by differentiated cell nuclear extracts, are recognized and supershifted by an ATF-1 specific antibody. This observation is consistent with our Western immunoblot analysis that detects AFT-1 in the EC cells, but not in their differentiated counterparts. In addition, we provide evidence that protein phosphorylation influences the formation of complexes between F9 nuclear proteins and the CRE/ATF-like motif. Together, our studies identify a likely role for the CRE/ATF-like motif in the regulation of TGF-beta 2 and suggest that this site binds one set of nuclear proteins in EC cells, where the gene is not expressed, and a different set of nuclear proteins in the differentiated cells, where the gene is expressed.
Mol Reprod Dev 1995 Feb
PMID:Regulation of the transforming growth factor-beta 2 gene promoter in embryonal carcinoma cells and their differentiated cells: differential utilization of transcription factors. 776 6

Although transforming growth factor-beta s (TGF-beta s) are expressed widely in both adult and embryonic rat heart, both mRNA and protein expression increase following ischemic injury. Furthermore, exogenous administration of TGF-beta decreases cardiac damage following ischemia-reperfusion in rats. We have found that treatment of primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes or cardiac fibroblasts with TGF-beta 1, 2, or 3 results in increased expression of TGF-beta 1, 2, and 3 mRNA. TGF-beta 2 was generally the least effective isoform in inducing TGF-beta expression. In cardiac fibroblasts mRNA expression of all TGF-beta s increased 2-3-fold following 1 h of treatment and decreased to control levels by 8 h which was accompanied by a 2.5- and 2.3-fold increase in TGF-beta 1 and 2 protein secretion, respectively. By 48 h of treatment mRNA levels for TGF-beta s 2 and 3 were less than 10% of control levels. In cardiomyocytes two-five-fold increases in mRNA levels were observed following 1-24 h of TGF-beta 1 treatment, but TGF-beta 1 and 3 mRNA levels returned to control values by 48 h while TGF-beta 2 mRNA expression remained elevated. TGF-beta 1 and 2 protein secreted by the cardiac myocytes was increased 2.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively. Autoinduction of TGF-beta s may play a beneficial role in cardiac wound healing by sustaining transient increases in TGF-beta levels from either endogenous synthesis or exogenous application.
J Mol Cell Cardiol 1995 Feb
PMID:Autoinduction of mRNA and protein expression for transforming growth factor-beta S in cultured cardiac cells. 777 87

We investigated the contribution of c-fos protooncogene in the mitogenic effect of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) in serum-deprived, confluent rat calvaria osteoblastic cells. The TGF beta-induced growth in these cells was associated with an immediate and transient c-fos mRNA accumulation, similar to the inductive effect of fetal calf serum. To assess the role of c-fos in the response to TGF beta, we used a c-fos antisense (AS) oligonucleotide displaying duplex formation with rat c-fos mRNA. Studies of AS and sense (S) uptake by osteoblastic cells demonstrated that incorporation of labeled oligomers was maximal at 2 h, and the incorporated AS oligonucleotide remained intact for 24 h. Immunofluorescence analysis of c-Fos-labeled cells demonstrated that AS, but not S, oligonucleotide reduced c-Fos protein expression, suggesting specific efficient inhibition of c-fos translation by the AS oligomer. Proliferation assays showed that cell growth induced by fetal calf serum was inhibited by the AS, but not by the S oligonucleotide, in both normal rat osteoblasts and ROS 17/2.8 osteosarcoma cells, demonstrating efficient and specific blockage of cell growth by the AS oligomer. The mitogenic effect of TGF-beta was abolished in cells cultured in the presence of AS, whereas S had no effect, showing that c-fos is required for TGF beta-induced osteoblast cell growth. The results show that the induction of c-fos is implicated in the mitogenic effect of TGF beta in osteoblastic cells and provide a cellular mechanism involved in the response of these cells to TGF beta.
Mol Endocrinol 1995 Feb
PMID:c-fos protooncogene is involved in the mitogenic effect of transforming growth factor-beta in osteoblastic cells. 777 69

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) mRNA is expressed by the human placenta in a developmentally regulated manner and has been shown to stimulate the growth of placental mesenchymal cells. The ability of placental fibroblasts to express preproET-1 mRNA was studied to determine if ET-1 could potentially participate via autocrine mechanisms in the proliferation of placental fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were isolated from normal placentae at various gestational ages (7-19 weeks and term) and their abilities to express preproET-1 mRNA in culture evaluated by Northern analysis. Sparse, rapidly growing cultures of placental fibroblasts expressed preproET-1 mRNA at each gestational age in the presence of 10% FBS. The regulation of preproET-1 expression in placental fibroblasts was studied by exposing cells to known mitogenic stimuli. Quiescent, confluent monolayers of placental fibroblasts expressed no detectable levels of preproET-1 mRNA under basal conditions. Epidermal growth factor (EGF, 10 mg/ml), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1, 5 ng/ml), or interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) alone, had no significant effect on steady state preproET-1 mRNA levels. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, increased the steady state levels of preproET-1 mRNA at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. In the presence cycloheximide, IL-1 beta markedly stimulated preproET-1 mRNA expression, whereas EGF was less effective. TGF-beta 1 had no effect in the presence or absence of cycloheximide. In contrast, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA, 20 nM) exerted a small stimulatory effect on preproET-1 mRNA expression which was not influenced by cycloheximide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1995 Mar
PMID:Human placental endothelin: expression of endothelin-1 mRNA by human placental fibroblasts in culture. 778 12


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