Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Comparative analysis of the available 3'-portions of the human L1 (LINE-1) family of repeated sequences indicates that all the sequences can be classified in two major subfamilies. The division is based on patterns of diagnostic bases shared within L1 subfamilies of sequences but differing between them. The overall ratio of replacement to synonymous positions, occupied by the diagnostic bases in the large open reading frame of the L1 sequence, is 1.15. This indicates that both subfamilies were obtained from genes coding for functional proteins. The L1 subfamilies appear to be of different ages and may represent a "fossil record" of the same active gene at different times in the history of primates. The younger subfamily can be split further into at least two closely related branches of sequences. The above facts combined with the recent data for the Alu subfamily structure show that LINE and SINE families of interspersed repeats share discontinuous patterns in their evolution. These data are consistent with the model that both Alu and L1 families, as well as other pseudogene families, contain active genes producing discrete layers of pseudogenes throughout the history of primates. Models of evolutionary processes that could generate these discontinuities are discussed together with the possible biological role of Alu and L1 genes.
J Mol Evol 1989 Dec
PMID:Subfamily structure and evolution of the human L1 family of repetitive sequences. 251 96

We have isolated from a human genomic library a pseudogene of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene. Its sequence shows a 78% similarity with the human PCNA/cDNA. The PCNA gene is located on human chromosome 20, while the pseudogene maps to chromosome region Xpter in equilibrium Xq13. An additional locus detected by the full-length PCNA cDNA, but not by intron probes, segregates concordantly with chromosome region 6p12 in equilibrium 6pter and probably represents a second pseudogene.
Somat Cell Mol Genet 1989 Jul
PMID:Human gene for proliferating cell nuclear antigen has pseudogenes and localizes to chromosome 20. 256 65

Four loci for human U4 RNA have been characterized by DNA sequence analysis. The results show that all four loci represent pseudogenes, which are flanked by direct repeats. Three of the pseudogenes, designated U4/5, U4/6, and U4/8, have very similar structures; they are all truncated and contain the first 67 to 68 nucleotides of the U4 RNA sequence. Their properties suggest that they were created by integration of truncated cDNA copies of the U4 RNA into new chromosomal sites. An interesting observation was that their flanking regions exhibit sequence homology. A purine-rich 5'-flanking sequence 12 to 13 nucleotides long is almost perfectly conserved in all three loci. Boxes of homology were also found on the 3' side when the U4/6 and U4/8 loci were compared. The U4/4 locus has a slightly different structure; the pseudogene matches the first 79 nucleotides of U4 RNA, but contains a greater number of mutations than the other pseudogenes. Taken together, the results suggest that a frequently occurring type of pseudogene for human U4 was created by a RNA-mediated mechanism and that the integration sites have features in common.
Mol Cell Biol 1985 May
PMID:Nonrandom integration of human U4 RNA pseudogenes. 258 41

The 12-member beta-globin gene locus of the goat contains three beta(adult)-type pseudogenes, one in each of three four-gene subsets of the locus. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of psi beta y, the pseudogene present in the most downstream four-gene subset, which also contains the functional fetal gene, beta F. psi beta y contains, throughout its length, numerous incapacitating mutations in common with the previously sequenced goat psi beta x and psi beta z pseudogenes consistent with the model that all were descended from a common pseudogene ancestor which became defective prior to the expansion of the beta-globin locus in the goat lineage. Evolutionary analysis of the psi beta y sequence in comparison to psi beta x and psi beta z provides evidence that nucleotide substitutions were fixed in a random manner within these pseudogenes with respect to polarity, coding versus non-coding regions, and replacement sites versus silent sites. However, substitutions appear to have accumulated asymmetrically between different pseudogenes in a manner that provides evidence for partial gene conversion. Moreover, the presence of deletions in goat psi beta y, which are also observed in the cow pseudogene psi 2, but not in the cow psi 1 pseudogene, indicate that goat psi beta y and cow psi 2 are orthologous but cow psi 1 actually arose prior to the goat/cow divergence. The authentic goat orthologue to cow psi 1 temporarily existed in the goat lineage but was deleted, probably prior to the divergence of goats and sheep.
J Mol Biol 1989 Sep 20
PMID:Structure of the goat psi beta y beta-globin pseudogene. Analysis of goat pseudogene evolutionary patterns. 258 82

We isolated from a HeLa genomic library 38 plaques that hybridized to total mitochondrial (mt) DNA isolated from human placenta. One clone (HLmt-17.8) hybridized to a 740 base-pair (12 S ribosomal RNA gene and displacement loop) mtDNA probe and was characterized in more detail. Within its 17.8 x 10(3) base-pair insert a 1.6 x 10(3) base-pair mtDNA fragment was similar to three non-sequential coding genes of human mtDNA, including a part of the 12 S ribosomal RNA (684-971), the cytochrome oxidase I (6553-7302), and two NADH dehydrogenase [ND4L/ND4] (10,606-11,159). The similarity to human mtDNA sequences was 92.0%, 92.3% and 92.4%, respectively, the highest degree of similarity to human mtDNA so far reported. This is also the first report of several adjacent mtDNA-like sequences in cellular chromosomes. The mtDNA-like sequences in HLmt-17.8 was found in the DNAs of human placenta, freshly isolated human leukocytes, foreskin and several human cell lines; but it was not present in other primates or lower organisms. The HLmt-17.8 mtDNA-like region appears to be a pseudogene that transferred into the nucleus in humans more recently than nine million years ago.
J Mol Biol 1989 Dec 20
PMID:Three separate mitochondrial DNA sequences are contiguous in human genomic DNA. 261 44

The mouse Surfeit locus, which contains a cluster of at least four genes (Surf-1 to Surf-4), is unusual in that adjacent genes are separated by no more than 73 base pairs (bp). The heterogeneous 5' ends of Surf-1 and Surf-2 are separated by only 15 to 73 bp, the 3' ends of Surf-1 and Surf-3 are only 70 bp apart, and the 3' ends of Surf-2 and Surf-4 overlap by 133 bp. This very tight clustering suggests a cis interaction between adjacent Surfeit genes. The Surf-3 gene (which could code for a basic polypeptide of 266 amino acids) is a highly expressed member of a pseudogene-containing multigene family. By use of an anti-peptide serum (against the C-terminal nine amino acids of the putative Surf-3 protein) for immunofluorescence and immunoblotting of mouse cell components and by in vitro translation of Surf-3 cDNA hybrid-selected mRNA, the Surf-3 gene product was identified as a 32-kilodalton ribosomal protein located in the 60S ribosomal subunit. From its subunit location, gel migration, and homology with a limited rat ribosomal peptide sequence, the Surf-3 gene was shown to encode the mouse L7a ribosomal protein. The Surf-3 gene is highly conserved through evolution and was detected by nucleic acid hybridization as existing in multiple copies (multigene families) in other mammals and as one or a few copies in birds, Xenopus, Drosophila, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The Surf-3 C-terminal anti-peptide serum detects a 32-kilodalton protein in other mammals, birds, and Xenopus but not in Drosophila and S. pombe. The possible effect of interaction of the Surf-3 ribosomal protein gene with adjacent genes in the Surfeit locus at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level or both levels is discussed.
Mol Cell Biol 1989 Jan
PMID:Ribosomal protein L7a is encoded by a gene (Surf-3) within the tightly clustered mouse surfeit locus. 264 30

DNase I footprints and affinity measurements showed that the C-terminal arm of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA interacts differently with different Xenopus 5S DNAs, forming three distinct types of transcription factor IIIA-5S DNA complexes: a somatic type, a major-oocyte (and pseudogene) type, and a trace-oocyte type. Site-directed mutagenesis on the major-oocyte 5S gene revealed that somatic-type changes at positions 53, 55, and 56 changed the structure of the transcription factor IIIA-5S DNA complex from major-oocyte to somatic, and a single trace-oocyte change at position 56 caused the change from major-oocyte to trace-oocyte complex. We further show that the somatic-type changes are accompanied by a marked enhancement in the rate of 5S RNA transcription, and we discuss the possible biological relevance of these findings.
Mol Cell Biol 1989 Feb
PMID:The C-terminal domain of transcription factor IIIA interacts differently with different 5S RNA genes. 271 Jan 13

The entire chloroplast genome of the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) has been sequenced and comprises 134525 bp. Predicted genes have been identified along with open reading frames (ORFs) conserved between rice and the previously sequenced chloroplast genomes, a dicot, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and a liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). The same complement of 30 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes has been conserved between rice and tobacco. Most ORFs extensively conserved between N. tabacum and M. polymorpha are also conserved intact in rice. However, several such ORFs are entirely absent in rice, or present only in severely truncated form. Structural changes are also apparent in the genome relative to tobacco. The inverted repeats, characteristic of chloroplast genome structure, have expanded outward to include several genes present only once per genome in tobacco and liverwort and the large single copy region has undergone a series of inversions which predate the divergence of the cereals. A chimeric tRNA pseudogene overlaps an apparent endpoint of the largest inversion, and a model invoking illegitimate recombination between tRNA genes is proposed which accounts simultaneously for the origin of this pseudogene, the large inversion and the creation of repeated sequences near the inversion endpoints.
Mol Gen Genet 1989 Jun
PMID:The complete sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa) chloroplast genome: intermolecular recombination between distinct tRNA genes accounts for a major plastid DNA inversion during the evolution of the cereals. 277 Jun 92

The major chicken vitellogenin gene (VTGII) has previously been cloned and sequenced. We now report the isolation of genomic clones that encompass a minor chicken vitellogenin gene (VTGIII) which is also expressed in the liver in response to estradiol. Our analysis reveals that a pseudogene for VTGII (psi VTGII) lies 1,426 base pairs upstream of this VTGIII gene. A reevaluation of published sequence data reveals that the converse is also true, namely, that a pseudogene for VTGIII (psi VTGIII) lies 1,345 base pairs downstream of the VTGII gene. Our results show that a 335-base-pair deletion has removed the psi VTGIII promoter and cap site but left residual estrogen response element in a region where nuclease-hypersensitive sites have been reported to be induced in response to estradiol.
Mol Cell Biol 1989 Aug
PMID:The major and minor chicken vitellogenin genes are each adjacent to partially deleted pseudogene copies of the other. 279 98

The presence of the L1 sequences, L1Md4 next to the pseudogene beta h3 and I12 found in the twelfth intron of the albumin gene, in certain strains of laboratory mice but not of others has led to the suggestion that these sequences were recent insertions into the Mus mus domesticus genome. To be sure that they are really recent insertions and not relics of an ancestral chromosome, we investigated the presence or absence of these sequences in populations of wild mice belonging to the semispecies M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus as well as in other species of the genus Mus and in related murids. The sequence I12 in the albumin gene was found in 34% of the chromosomes of the wild mice belonging to M. m. domesticus and to a lesser extent (6%) in M. m. musculus. Of 114 M. m. domesticus chromosomes, L1Md4 was found in only nine, seven of which came from the same locality. Its presence was associated with the haplotype Hbbp, which is relatively rare in European populations of M. musculus. Since there was no evidence for the presence of these two L1 sequences in more distantly related species, we conclude that they are recent insertions in the M. musculus genome.
Mol Biol Evol 1987 Jul
PMID:Distributions of two recently inserted long interspersed elements of the L1 repetitive family at the Alb and beta h3 loci in wild mice populations. 283 74


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>