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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Both papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) induced in mouse epidermis by initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) exhibit aberrant expression of a type I keratin, K13, that is normally characteristic of terminal differentiation of internal stratified epithelia. There is evidence that the aberrant expression of K13 depends on the presence of an activated ras gene in mouse epidermal keratinocytes (Sutter et al., Mol Carcinog 4:467-476, 1991). To assess the general validity of this hypothesis, we investigated both aberrant K13 expression and activation of each of the three members of the ras gene family in epidermal tumors induced in four different mouse strains (SKH-1 hr, SENCAR, BALB/c, and C3H/He) by chronic irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) B. The tumor collection comprised nine papillomas and 30 well or poorly differentiated SCC. Aberrant K13 expression occurred in only five of 39 tumors and was restricted to SCC of both types. This indicates that aberrant K13 expression in UV-induced epidermal tumors was intrinsically different from that in chemically induced tumors. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the tumors for different point mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61 of the Ha-ras and Ki-ras genes and in codon 61 of the N-ras gene revealed that only one of the well differentiated tumors from a SKH-1 hr mouse exhibited a GGA-->GAA mutation in codon 12 of the Ha-ras gene. Although this tumor was also positive for aberrant K13 expression, such a correlation could not be made for the remaining K13-expressing tumors. This indicates that the activation of one of the members of the ras gene family is not a general prerequisite for the aberrant expression of K13 in mouse epidermal keratinocytes.
Mol Carcinog 1993
PMID:ras gene activation and aberrant expression of keratin K13 in ultraviolet B radiation-induced epidermal neoplasias of mouse skin. 768 67

Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the cDNA region that codes for the large intracellular loop of the beta 3 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA/benzodiazepine receptors (GABAAR/BZDR) from rat brain. The amplified cDNA was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-3X and a fusion protein containing glutathione-S-transferase and beta 3 intracellular loop moieties was expressed in bacteria. The fusion protein was affinity-purified and it was used to raise a rabbit anti-beta 3 antiserum. The anti-beta 3 antiserum immunoprecipitated the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor from rat and bovine brain. Immunoblots of the affinity-purified GABAAR/BZDR from bovine brain revealed that the anti-beta 3 antiserum reacted with a 57 kDa peptide, whereas the monoclonal antibody 62-3G1 that recognized both beta 2 and beta 3 reacted with 55 and 57 kDa peptides. The anti-beta 3 antiserum showed specificity for the beta 3 subunit vs beta 2 and beta 1.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995 Jan
PMID:Antibodies to the rat beta 3 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors. 770 83

We report a case of a 21-year-old woman with hematopoietic, immunological, and congenital dysmorphic abnormalities, who died following rapidly progressive, disseminated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disease (LPD). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue showed differences in the clonality of each separate lymphoproliferative lesion examined, as determined by immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement. PCR analysis also demonstrated that all lesions contained EBV genome. Since DNA had been extracted from paraffin blocks, a direct comparison of morphology and clonality could be made in each individual lesion. The evidence from this study indicates that the monoclonal tumors arose de novo in multiple sites and that the polyclonal background observed in some lesions reflected a substantial concomitant inflammatory response.
Diagn Mol Pathol 1995 Mar
PMID:Disseminated, multiclonal Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease in a patient with hematological and immunological anomalies. Molecular analysis correlates with morphological appearance. 773 54

The development of malignancy has been associated with both the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Whereas recent data implicate tumor suppressor genes as cell-cycle check-points, the nature and timing of tumor suppressor gene inactivation during multistage carcinogenesis is still largely uncharacterized. To address this issue, we used a syngeneic mouse epidermal model system. By creating somatic-cell hybrids between nontumorigenic x benign (291 x 291.09RAT), nontumorigenic x malignant (291 x 291.05RAT and 291 x 291.03RAT), benign x malignant (291.09RAT x 291.03RAT) and malignant x malignant (291.03RAT x 291.05RAT) clones, multiple tumor suppressor activities were detected. Most importantly, we demonstrated the first example of the complete suppression of benign papillomas in vivo, thus implicating tumor suppressor gene activity loss an early event in skin carcinogenesis. In addition, the carcinoma phenotype was suppressed in vivo by nontumorigenic, benign, and heterologous malignant keratinocytes. The somatic-cell hybrids expressed the differentiation-specific keratins, K1 and K10, in response to high extracellular calcium concentrations (1.4 mM) in vitro. All of the hybrids had fewer local metastases than did the parental lines, and when tumor formation was not suppressed, the resulting tumors were highly differentiated. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the neomycin-resistance gene at nontumorigenic injection sites indicated an absence of injected hybrids, and subsequent analyses failed to detect nontumorigenic 291 cells 1 wk after transplantation. These data demonstrate that distinct tumor suppressor gene activities are lost at discrete stages during multistage carcinogenesis and are consistent with the hypothesis that tumor suppression can occur through induction of terminal differentiation.
Mol Carcinog 1995 May
PMID:Induced terminal differentiation and tumorigenic suppression in murine keratinocyte somatic-cell hybrids. 776 11

Accurate identification of genotypes in gametes and early embryos could facilitate the efficient production of offspring with desirable traits. This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing offspring with predictable genotypes from micromanipulated mouse oocytes. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to amplify genes in the IA subregion of the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. The validity of the approach was demonstrated in experiment 1 with IA haplotypes of unfertilized mouse ova amplified via PCR and distinguished by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. In experiment 2, fertilized oocytes were micromanipulated to remove the first and second polar bodies, which were then genotyped by validated PCR-RFLP procedures. Primary oocytes of heterozygous females contain two copies of each of the different alleles. Following meiosis I and II, the genotype of the ovum was predicted by subtracting the alleles observed in micromanipulated polar body samples. Sixty-two fertilized ova were micromanipulated and transferred to recipient females resulting in 27 live offspring (44%). The correct maternal contribution to the embryonic genotype was predicted in 19 of 27 (71%) offspring as confirmed by PCR-RFLP analysis of DNA from pup tails. Predicted genotypes of two pups were not confirmed (7%), whereas no prediction could be made in six cases (22%).
Mol Reprod Dev 1995 Mar
PMID:Production of live offspring with predicted genotypes using PCR-RFLP analysis of polar bodies from mouse oocytes. 777 36

We report a sensitive and convenient method for rapid differentiation of new isolates of hyperthermophilic Archaea. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the intergenic spacer regions of the ribosomal RNA operons of eight Archaea. Spacer regions from one Euryarcheote, Pyrococcus furiosus, and one Crenarcheote, Pyrodictium brockii, were sequenced completely. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were performed on the spacer regions from eight hyperthermophilic Archaea, and the restriction patterns were used as fingerprints for six known strains and two isolates. The PCR-RFLP method used in this study allowed the differentiation of seven of the eight strains tested and could be generally applicable to all the Archaea.
Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 1995 Jun
PMID:Rapid differentiation of hyperthermophilic Archaea by restriction mapping of the intergenic spacer regions of the ribosomal RNA operons. 777 30

The expression of all-trans-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) RNA was investigated by Northern blot and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction in tissues and primary cultures of human thyrocytes. In normal and adenomatous samples the RAR alpha RNA was expressed, whereas the expression of RAR beta and gamma was undetectable. In carcinoma samples RAR alpha RNA expression could decline, whereas the RAR beta RNA expression could become detectable. TSH and retinoic acid did not significantly modify RAR alpha mRNA levels, whereas RA caused a significant decrease in basal and TSH-induced thyroid peroxidase (TPO) mRNA levels, and a decrease in DNA synthesis. These results demonstrate that RAR alpha gene is predominantly expressed in human thyrocytes, and suggest a molecular link between this gene and the negative regulation by RA of proliferation and function of follicular cells.
Biochem Mol Biol Int 1994 Aug
PMID:Expression of all-trans-retinoic acid receptor RNA in human thyroid cells. 780 36

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers designed from a multiple alignment of predicted amino acid sequences from bacterial aroA genes were used to amplify a fragment of Lactococcus lactis DNA. An 8 kb fragment was then cloned from a lambda library and the DNA sequence of a 4.4 kb region determined. This region was found to contain the genes tyrA, aroA, aroK, and pheA, which are involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and folate metabolism. TyrA has been shown to be secreted and AroK also has a signal sequence, suggesting that these proteins have a secondary function, possibly in the transport of amino acids. The aroA gene from L. lactis has been shown to complement an E. coli mutant strain deficient in this gene. The arrangement of genes involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in L. lactis appears to differ from that in other organisms.
Mol Gen Genet 1995 Jan 06
PMID:Genetic aspects of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis. 782 7

We have previously presented data indicating the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors from human adipose tissue by the use of specific antibodies (Abbott) as well as specific ligands. In addition, specific estrogen and progesterone cRNA probes did not hybridize to any mRNA species in either abdominal or gluteal/femoral adipose tissue as demonstrated by solution hybridization and Northern blot. In order to demonstrate even extremely small quantities of gene products we have now used the Polymerase chain reaction-technique to study estrogen- and progesterone receptor gene expression. Sequences corresponding to each specific cDNA were demonstrated indicating small amounts of estrogen- and progesterone receptor mRNA not detected by RNA/RNA or RNA/TNA (total nucleic acids) hybridization assays. The estrogen receptor-regulated gene pS2, however, was not induced by estrogens in human adipose tissue in contrast to a significant increase in pS2 mRNA levels after estrogen exposure to the estrogen receptor(+) cell line MCF7. From these results we conclude that estrogen- and progesterone receptors are absent from human adipose tissue and that the extremely low level of transcription of the corresponding genes is not sufficient to allow translation of the message into functional proteins.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994 Dec
PMID:Lack of evidence for estrogen and progesterone receptors in human adipose tissue. 782 89

A novel variant of endothelin B receptor (ETB) has been found in human brain, placenta, lung, and heart by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. This variant ETB1 has an additional 30 nucleotide sequence with splice sites at both ends. This results in a 10 amino acid increase in the length of the second cytoplasmic domain of ETB. Polymerase chain reaction on genomic DNA indicates that this sequence is part of the 134 bp intron which separates the second and third exons and is contiguous with the third exon of the ETB gene. Southern blot analysis of chromosomal DNA and genomic PCR results indicate that ETB1 arises by alternative RNA splicing of the single copy ETB gene. The insert sequence in ETB1 gene is absent in bovine, rat, and porcine DNA, and is unique to human DNA. Both ETB and ETB1 have been expressed in heterologous systems to examine their ligand binding and functional properties. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of RNA from ETB1 expressing cells indicates that the additional sequence is stably expressed.
Cell Mol Biol Res 1994
PMID:Two distinct human endothelin B receptors generated by alternative splicing from a single gene. 786 30


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