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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The restriction specificities of maturing thymocytes are determined by the Class II MHC antigens expressed by non-lymphoid thymic tissues. The proliferative response of mature T lymphocytes to antigen-presenting cells (APC) and antigen requires that the APC express the same MHC antigens as the thymus in which the T cells differentiated. Thus, in the two-way bone marrow chimera [A + B----(A x B)F1], T lymphocyte populations of A and B haplotypes have each acquired the potential to recognize antigens associated with either parental haplotype. In spite of the large body of work on MHC restriction, we still do not have a clear understanding of the mechanisms which impose self restriction. The chimeric model systems used previously to study MHC restriction have used adult bone marrow cells as the source of lymphoid precursors. During normal ontogeny, T cells are derived from precursors in the fetal liver and we felt that a direct comparison of T cells from fetal liver and bone marrow-repopulated animals would shed light on the development of MHC restriction specificities during T cell ontogeny in the thymus or prethymically. We found that parental T lymphocyte populations isolated from two-way fetal liver chimeras cooperated only with syngeneic APC, while those from bone marrow chimeras cooperated with APC of either parental haplotype. This suggests that fetal liver and bone marrow may not be equivalent sources of stem cells. Our results may be due to fundamental differences between thymocyte precursors in fetal liver and bone marrow, including the time course of their expression of T cell receptor gene products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Mol Cell Immunol 1986
PMID:T lymphocytes from irradiation chimeras repopulated with 13-day fetal liver cells recognize antigens only in association with self-MHC products. 290 77

Signal transduction occurs through multiple receptors expressed on mature, resting T cells. In addition to the CD3-T cell receptor complex, the CD2, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8 and CD28 receptors mobilize cytoplasmic calcium within minutes of binding with monoclonal antibodies and additional crosslinking occurs on the cell surface. As an approach to study the interactions between these receptors and their transduced signals, monoclonal antibodies to each of these receptors were covalently coupled as heteroconjugates and investigated for activity in cytoplasmic calcium mobilization using indo-1 and flow cytometry. Of a total of 35 conjugates studied, there were seven heteroconjugates that showed an increase in activity and these consisted of either certain conjugates of anti-CD3 or certain conjugates of anti-CD5. The CD3-CD2, CD3-CD4, CD3-CD6 and CD3-CD8 heteroconjugates each gained two to three orders of magnitude in titer in calcium mobilization compared to unconjugated CD3 or the CD3-CD3 conjugate. The increase in activity was not accompanied by an increase in binding titer, indicating that signal transduction occurred at lower levels of receptor occupancy. The increased activity was dependent in each case on the relevant second receptor, since unconjugated CD2, CD4, CD6 or CD8 MAb could block the activity of the corresponding heteroconjugate. Neither CD3-CD5, CD3-CD28 or CD3-CD3 conjugates gained activity, whereas CD3-CD7 heteroconjugates gained slightly in activity. The heteroconjugates with CD5 that acquired ability to mobilize calcium at low concns (less than 5 micrograms/ml) were CD5-CD4, CD5-CD8 and CD5-CD6. Their activity could be inhibited by either CD5 MAb or the second MAb of the heteroconjugate. The increased activity of CD3 or CD5 heteroconjugates was observed in the absence of extracellular calcium. Size exclusion chromatography of heteroconjugates demonstrated that 1:1 ratios were optimal, but larger conjugates were also active. These results suggest that certain receptors are capable for molecular interactions on the cell surface to form complexes with enhanced activity in signal transduction leading to calcium mobilization.
Mol Immunol 1989 Feb
PMID:Enhanced transmembrane signalling activity of monoclonal antibody heteroconjugates suggests molecular interactions between receptors on the T cell surface. 291 58

Hamsters immunized with affinity purified human T3 produced antibodies capable of immunoprecipitating the human T3/T cell receptor complex. In addition, these antisera detected similar molecular complexes by immunoprecipitation of surface labeled murine T cells, and thus contain antibodies which detect a cross-reactive epitope(s) on human and mouse T3.
Mol Immunol 1987 Feb
PMID:Serologic identification of the murine T3 homologue by cross-reactive xenogeneic anti-human T3 antisera. 295 99

Sharing of "idiotypes" by T and B cells with similar nominal specificities has been extensively reported in functional assays. The recent molecular characterization of T cell receptors has led to the suggestion that such idiotypic mimicries could result from "network" selection of available T cell repertoires. Alternatively, the validity of the conclusions taken from those functional assays could be questioned. We have now used an experimental system where recurrent expression of antibody idiotypes by T helper cells requires "learning" from the B cell/antibody compartment, and show here that the idiotypic determinants in question are indeed associated with T cell receptor molecules. A monoclonal antibody (F6(51)) directed to an idiotope of the TNP-binding BALB/c myeloma protein MOPC460 specifically inhibits antigen-dependent proliferation and helper activity of BALB/c anti-TNP-BALB/c helper T cells. The anti-idiotypic antibodies also induce IL-2 production by these helper cells and precipitate a surface molecule with characteristics of T cell receptor. We conclude that, in this particular system, T cell receptors and antibodies of similar nominal specificities share idiotypic determinants.
J Mol Cell Immunol 1986
PMID:Functional and biochemical evidence for the recognition of T cell receptors by monoclonal antibodies to an immunoglobulin idiotype. 297 35

MHC restricted T cells can be divided into two subsets based on the mutually exclusive expression of the cell surface differentiation antigens L3T4 and Lyt-2 in the mouse. Expression of the L3T4 marker is correlated most strictly with recognition of foreign antigen in association with self class II MHC molecules, or Ia molecules. Less stringently correlated with L3T4 expression is the recognition of unmodified self or non-self Ia molecules. Finally, expression of L3T4 is also correlated with certain functional properties, although this correlation is even less stringent. The major correlation for function is between L3T4 and the ability to activate B cells. These correlations have led to the hypothesis that L3T4 recognizes Ia molecules, and plays a role in increasing the affinity of T cell:Ia bearing cell interactions. This hypothesis is bolstered by the finding that anti-L3T4 antibody blocks such interactions. Recently, we and others proposed a second effect of cross-linking L3T4 molecules, namely negative signalling. We further proposed that the natural ligand for L3T4 is Ia molecules, and that Ia-driven cross-linking of L3T4 molecules on the T cell in the absence of receptor aggregation would lead to off signalling to the T cell and separation of cell conjugates. To better understand the role of the L3T4 molecule in T cell activation, we have examined the effect of several anti-L3T4 antibodies on stimulation of a cloned line of helper T cells by a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed at what appear to be different epitopes on the T cell receptor. Unlike previous analyses of stimulation of helper T cells with anti-T cell receptor antibodies, we observe differential effects of anti-L3T4 on T cell activation by anti-receptor antibodies, the effect of anti-L3T4 depending on the characteristics of the anti-receptor antibody. This result suggests that L3T4 is intimately associated with the T cell receptor, and may thus play a critical role in T cell specificity as part of the antigen:Ia recognition complex. This proposed role is in keeping with the very strong correlation between L3T4 expression and recognition of self class II MHC molecules. While these studies do not provide definitive evidence for a physical association between L3T4 and the T cell receptor, they do place certain constraints on current models and suggest new possibilities for understanding T cell recognition and development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
J Mol Cell Immunol 1987
PMID:The role of the murine L3T4 molecule in T cell activation: differential effects of anti-L3T4 on activation by monoclonal anti-receptor antibodies. 297 38

The concept of an immunological network includes the possibility of interactions between receptors on T and B lymphocytes, and such interactions, should they occur, might be expected to influence the repertoire of receptors in each set of cells. Indeed, B cell idiotype specific helper T cells, both MHC-restricted and MHC-unrestricted, have been reported and have been shown to influence the expression of the B cell repertoire. Likewise, it has been reported that B cells may influence the specificity of both regulatory and MHC-restricted T cells. However, interactions between receptors on cloned, MHC-restricted helper T cells and B cells have been difficult to document. Recently, we have taken advantage of an unusual cloned helper T cell line to demonstrate that anti-T cell receptor antibody is produced by direct receptor:receptor interactions between T and B lymphocytes, and that these interactions are not MHC restricted. However, these earlier studies did not address the question of whether such interactions led to activation of B cells expressing multiple distinct antibodies, or whether direct T cell receptor:B cell receptor interactions would lead to an idiotypically restricted B cell response. To address this question, we have now examined both monoclonal and polyclonal responses to the receptor of a conventional, MHC-restricted cloned T cell line, and have shown that these responses are of limited idiotype heterogeneity. Indeed, about 60% of antibodies produced to the receptor of this cloned line share idiotypic determinants, and appear to recognize a single epitope on the receptor. Idiotypically unrelated anti-receptor antibodies, although still specific for the cloned line, recognize what appears to be a distinct epitope on the receptor. These data suggest several conclusions. First, they demonstrate further that direct receptor:receptor interactions between helper T cells and B cells can occur, and can be mutually stimulatory for the two cell types. Second, as shown previously, such interactions are not MHC restricted. Third, such interactions can lead to an idiotypically restricted B cell response. Finally, it is interesting to compared these results with those of other investigators studying idiotype-specific helper T cells. As the cloned line used in this study is a conventional, MHC-restricted, antigen specific helper T cell bearing an alpha:beta heterodimeric receptor complex, and as its interaction with B cells is MHC unrestricted and leads to idiotypically restricted antibody responses, one might propose that such cells are candidates for a clone of an idiotype-specific helper.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
J Mol Cell Immunol 1987
PMID:Direct receptor:receptor interactions between T and B lymphocytes: idiotypic restriction in the antibody response to a cloned helper T cell receptor. 297 39

Among Ly-1+,2-T cells there appears to be two independent modes of antigen recognition. Helper and cytotoxic Ly-1 T cells recognize antigen only in the context of I region products whereas regulatory T cells, such as T suppressor inducer cells, produce antigen-specific, antigen-binding molecules (T-ABM). These T-ABM often have been found to form a part of biologically active, antigen-specific regulatory factors. A number of environmental conditions effect whether a foreign antigen will produce a positive response leading to immunity or a negative one leading to tolerance. Many of the conditions which favor the induction of suppressor T cells simultaneously preclude the proper interaction of antigen presenting cells with helper T cells. This parallel led us to ask whether helper T cells perform at least two, apparently opposite functions: a) under conditions favoring immunity helper T cells produce lymphokines to activate immune effector cells, and b) under conditions favoring suppression they produce molecules which function in suppressor cell induction. Therefore, this question relates to the mechanisms by which an immune response is switched into either a positive (help) or negative (suppressive) track. In addition, it begins to address the relationship between the different modes of antigen recognition exhibited by helper T cells vs. T suppressor inducer cells (see above). To explore this problem we employed an antigen-specific, I-Ak restricted helper T cell clone as the purest available source of helper T cells. We presented antigen to the cloned T cells under conditions which favor suppression rather than help (for example, by ultraviolet irradiation of the antigen-presenting cells) and collected supernatants 48 hrs later. The supernatants were then examined for activity in a functional assay for antigen-specific suppressor factors. Our results indicate that under conditions favoring suppression, a T-ABM was produced which functioned in the antigen-specific induction of suppression in vitro. The T-ABM had the same antigen specificity as that exhibited by the helper T cell and was therefore probably derived from the clone. This observation introduces the possibility that the interaction between antigen-presenting cells and helper T cells is a crucial decision point in the immune response which can lead to either immunity or suppression. The latter would be achieved through the production, by helper T cells, of an antigen-specific component of T suppressor inducer factor (i.e., the T-ABM). The possible relationship between T-ABMs and the T cell receptor is discussed.
J Mol Cell Immunol 1987
PMID:A helper T cell clone produces an antigen-specific molecule (T-ABM) which functions in the induction of suppression. 297 40

A role for Igh linked genes and the idiotypes they encode has been implicated in the activity of a variety of T cell subpopulations. Idiotype restricted T cell function has been observed for helper and suppressor cell populations. The finding that T cell receptor genes are distinct from B cell receptor (Igh) genes strongly argues against a direct role for immunoglobulin genes in the determination of the T cell repertoire. Nevertheless, idiotypic Ig determinants may play an indirect role in influencing the ultimate composition of the T cell repertoire. One approach to this question involves evaluation of T cell activity upon development in an immunoglobulin deficient environment. The availability of antigens which elicit T cell and antibody responses characterized by the expression of dominant crossreactive idiotypes under the control of Igh genes provides an ideal approach to investigate the basis for the expression of Igh-like structures on T cells and the concomitant functional genetic restrictions they determine. Thus, we have prepared B cell deficient mice by continuous treatment, beginning at birth, with rabbit anti-mouse IgM. The network which comprises the suppressor T cell response to azobenzenearsonate (ABA) was then examined in normal and anti-mu treated mice to assess what role, if any, immunoglobulin encoded determinants play in influencing the composition of the peripheral T cell pool. The results clearly demonstrate that the absence of Ig+ B cells leads to major alterations in the composition of the T cell repertoire. Anti-mu treated, but not normal rabbit Ig treated, mice produce TsF1 which fails to suppress cytotoxic T lymphocyte or helper T cell responses of normal syngeneic mice, yet efficiently suppresses those of syngeneic anti-mu treated recipients. Reciprocally, normal TsF1, though suppressive in normal Igh-1 syngeneic recipients, fails to affect the development of responses in anti-mu treated syngeneic mice. TsF1 obtained from anti-mu treated mice is antigen-specific. Testing of anti-mu TsF in a variety of normal or anti-mu treated recipients reveals no MHC restrictions. In marked contrast, anti-mu TsF reflects a novel pattern of Igh functional restrictions. The observed Igh restrictions were found to map to the idiotype encoding VH regions of the Ig heavy chain gene cluster (Igh-VH). The results demonstrate that T cell maturation in the virtual absence of environmental immunoglobulin can lead to profound changes in the composition of the T cell compartment. The means by which the absence of Ig encoded determinants leads to such changes is speculated upon.
J Mol Cell Immunol 1985
PMID:T cell development in B cell deficient mice. III. Restriction specificity of suppressor T cell factor(s) produced in mice treated chronically with rabbit anti-mouse mu chain antibody. 297 59

Most antigens recognized by T cells require unfolding or partial degradation (processing) followed by association with Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. We examined the processing requirements for the presentation of antigen to two T cell hybridomas which recognize the alpha-helical synthetic polypeptide antigen Poly 18, Poly [EYK(EYA)5], in association with I-Ad. Hybridoma A.1.1 responds to EYK(EYA)4 as the minimum antigenic sequence while hybridoma B.1.1 recognizes (EYA)5 sequence. It was found that these hybridomas responded to Poly 18 and to minimum peptide sequences presented by glutaraldehyde and chloroquine treated antigen presenting cells (APC), suggesting that antigen processing is not a requirement for the activation of these cells. The reactivity pattern of hybridoma B.1.1 in the presence of glutaraldehyde fixed APC revealed that antigens containing lysine were presented with much less efficiency than antigens without lysine, suggesting an interaction of these residues with the antigen presenting cell surface. We discuss the possibility that alanine residues in the alpha-helical Poly 18 form a hydrophobic ridge which may be required for appropriate interaction between antigen, the T cell receptor, and MHC molecules.
J Mol Recognit 1988 Apr
PMID:Contribution of antigen processing to the recognition of a synthetic peptide antigen by specific T cell hybridomas. 315 67

The T cell surface molecules Lyt-2 and L3T4 are strongly correlated with the class of MHC gene product recognized by the T cell bearing them. The L3T4 molecule has been proposed to play a role in enhancing recognition of antigen:Ia by specific T cells. In the present experiments, we have explored the role of L3T4 in T cell activation by examining the effects of the L3T4-specific monoclonal antibody GK1.5 on T cell responses in the presence or absence of class II-MHC gene products. Our studies show that GK1.5 inhibits T cell activation in the absence of class II-MHC gene products, while antibodies to other T cell surface molecules do not transduce negative signals to the same cells. We interpret our results as suggesting a signaling role for L3T4 and, by inference, for Lyt-2 as well. We would propose that L3T4 molecules on the class II-restricted T cell initiate the interaction between the L3T4+ T cell and its class II-MHC gene product bearing target cell (B cell, APC). This initial contact is important in allowing a finite time for antigen, Ia, and the T cell receptor to form an activating complex, which in turn transduces a dominant on signal to the cell. In the absence of specific antigen, or if the class II-bearing cell is of the wrong MHC genotype, so that the antigen:Ia receptor is not aggregated, then the association of L3T4 with class II molecules transduces a net negative signal to the T cell. We suggest that this negative signal is responsible for T cell:target cell deconjugation under these circumstances. Thus, we would propose that L3T4 initiates T cell:Ia-bearing cell interactions and, a finite time later, signals the T cell to discontinue the interaction unless a stimulating level of the antigen:Ia complexes for which the T cell's receptor is specific is present.
J Mol Cell Immunol 1986
PMID:The role of L3T4 in T cell activation: L3T4 may be both an Ia-binding protein and a receptor that transduces a negative signal. 350 16


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