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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Needle acupuncture was performed at three sites in twenty patients in a clinical attack of bronchial asthma. 2. In all patients the symptoms of bronchoconstriction improved during the attacks when the correct site was stimulated, and in five patients wheezing was abolished. 3. Stimulation at the correct site produced a significant increase in the mean FEV1-0 (58%) and FVC (29%) but not in maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (MMFR; 76%), when compared with the findings before acupuncture, along with a significant fall in the Pa,CO2 and an insignificant fall in Pa,O2. A mild tachycardia was also observed. 4. After acupuncture a greater improvement in FEV1-0, FVC and MMFR was produced by inhalation of isoprenaline. 5. No significant changes in FEV1-0, FVC, MMFR, pulse rate or arterial blood gas tensions occurred after acupuncture at control sites. 6. In four of the patients during clinical remission acupuncture was performed before and after histamine aerosol challenge, but there was no effect on either the severity or the duration of the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. 7. It is concluded that acupunture probably reduced the reflex component of the bronchoconstriction, but failed to influence direct smooth muscle constriction caused by histamine.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Nov
PMID:Effect of acupuncture on bronchial asthma. 99 48

1. A technique has been developed for assessing CO2 responsiveness by measuring the maximum rate of isometric inspiratory pressure change at the mouth [(dP/dt)max.]. 2. By use of a rebreathing technique, the (dP/dt)max. response to CO2 was shown to correlate well the ventilatory response in thirty-two normal subjects. 3. The addition of an external flow resistance sufficient to reduce the ventilatory response by a mean of 33.4% produced no significant mean change in the (dP/dt)max. response in thirty subjects. 4. In six patients recovering from bronchial asthma, reduction of airways obstruction led to a mean increase in the ventilatory response of 109% without any significant mean change in the (dP/dt)max. response. 5. An increase in lung volume did not reduce the (dP/dt)max. response in five normal subjects. 6. At very high lung volumes, six normal subjects were able to develop a higher (dP/dt)max. during voluntary inspiratory efforts than has been recorded during spontaneous breathing response to CO2. 7. It is believed that (dP/dt)max. represents the initial rate of development of force by the inspiratory muscles before this can be modified by mechanical loading, proprioceptive feedback mechanisms or conscious response and can therefore be used to study changes in the motor output of the respiratory centre in response to ventilatory stimuli independently of pulmonary mechanics.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1975 Jul
PMID:The rate of isometric inspiratory pressure development as a measure of responsiveness to carbon dioxide in man. 114 95

An autotrophic origin of metabolism is described, which requires clays, transition state metals, disulfide and dithiols, U.V. and cyanide ion. A general scheme is proposed, involving the fixation of CO2 and N2, for the evolution of intermediary metabolism based on the evolution of a complex system from a simple one. The basic conclusion is that metabolism could have evolved from a simple environment rather than from a complex one.
J Mol Evol 1975 Mar 24
PMID:Speculations on the origin and evolution of metabolism. 120 24

The present status of our knowledge of different levels of hemoglobin molecule structural organization and of the conformation changes accompanying a hemoglobin action is reviewed. The main functional properties of hemoglobin such as cooperative effects in oxygen binding. CO2 transport, protons and organic phosphates effects on oxygen affinity are described on molecular ground. The description is based on the data obtained by different physical and chemical methods especially by X-ray analysis. The application of some mathematical models of cooperative effects in enzymes to hemoglobin is discussed.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Structure and functions of hemoglobin]. 121 69

The mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation in metabolic paths of autotrophic organisms is considered. The principal features of the mechanism proposed are: 1) the emergence of a one-stage kinetic isotope effect of pyruvate decarboxylation during respiration resulting in the formation of two flows of the carbon substrate with different isotope compositions; 2) the multiplication of the one-stage isotope effect by means of the repeated circulation of a light isotope fraction (C2-fragments) in lipid-carbohydrate metabolism and by the simultaneous removal of a heavy isotope carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle. On the basis of the above mechanism carbon isotope effects are explained of CO2 assimilation and respiration as well as sequential decrease of 13C content in the series of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. The cuase of the enrichment of the whole organisms in the light isotope in respect to the carbon dioxide of the environment is discussed.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[The mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation in the metabolic process]. 123 76

1. The pathogenesis of the mental retardation in phenylketonuria remains obscure. Leucocytes have proved of value in the study of other inborn errors of metabolism. The lymphocyte is a suitable model cell for the study of mammalian metabolism, because of its ability to divide in vitro in response to various stimuli. 2. We have examined the effects of phenylalanine, phenylpyruvate, phenyl-lactate and phenylacetate on the human leucocyte and the resting and phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated rabbit lymphocyte. 3. Phenylpyruvate and phenyl-lactate reduced acetate incorporation into leucocyte lipid by 38% and 48% respectively. Only phenyl-lactate reduced acetate incorporation into the resting and stimulated lymphocyte, by 20% and 34% respectively. 4. Glucose incorporation into leucocyte lipid was unaffected by phenylalanine, phenylpyruvate and phenyl-lactate. Only phenyl-lactate inhibited (46%) the production of CO2 from glucose. 5. Phenylalanine and leucine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material of resting and stimulated lymphocytes was inhibited by phenyl-lactate (10-42%), phenylpyruvate (27-57%) and phenylacetate (19-39%). 6. Uridine incorporation into resting and stimulated cells was inhibited by phenyl-lactate (22-26%), phenylpyruvate (42-52%) and phenylacetate (20%). 7. Thymidine incorporation into resting lymphocytes was reduced by phenyl-lactate, phenylpyruvate, phenylacetate and phenylalanine by 12-26%. Incorporation into the stimulated cell was inhibited by phenylpyruvate and phenyl-lactate (90%) and phenylacetate (66%). 8. Phenylalanine inhibited lymphocyte pyruvate kinase and phenylpyruvate inhibited citrate synthetase. 9. These results are compared with published data relating to experimental hyperphenylalaninaemia and the effects of these metabolites on nervous tissue in vitro.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1975 Oct
PMID:Effect of phenylalanine and its metabolites on the metabolism of leucocytes and lymphocytes. 123 28

1. Six unanaesthetized goats were used to evaluate the effect of liver failure on the hypoxic responsiveness of cerebral blood flow. The animals breathed air and several different hypoxic gas mixtures enriched with sufficient CO2 to maintain an isocapnic state. The cerebral metabolic rate for O2 (CMRo2) was also measured in four of these goats. 2. In baseline studies there was a linear relationship between cerebral blood flow and arterial O2 saturation (Sa,o2) measured at different levels of isocapnic hypoxia. The slopes of the cerebral blood flow/Sa,o2 response lines were used to quantify the response of cerebral blood flow to hypoxia. In the healthy goat, CMRo2 was not depressed by hypoxia until the O2 tension (Po2) in arterial and cerebral venous blood had fallen below critical threshold values of approximately 3-2 and 2-2 kPa (24 and 16 mmHg) respectively. 3. Liver failure was accompanied by a fall in cerebral blood flow and CMRo2. There was also a depression in the response of cerebral blood flow to hypoxia and a disproportionate reduction of cerebral O2 delivery in hypoxia. CMRo2 was further reduced at arterial and cerebral venous Po2 values, which were much higher than the critical threshold values for producing hypoxic CMRo2 depression in health. 4. It is concluded that the brain becomes more vulnerable to the adverse effects of hypoxia during liver failure. This may be of practical importance in the management of patients with arterial hypoxaemia or other complications (e.g. anaemia or shock), which may reduce cerebral oxygen delivery.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Jan
PMID:Effect of liver failure on the cerebral circulatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia in the goat. 124

1. Responsiveness to CO2 was measured in forty patients with chronic airways obstruction in terms of ventilation and rate of isometric inspiratory pressure change [(dP/dt)max]. 2. The ventilatory response was below the normal range in eighteen out of twenty-two patients with normal arterial CO2 tensions and in all of eighteen patients with CO2 retention. 2. The (dP/dt)max. response was distributed throughout the normal range in all but one of the patients with normal arterial CO2 tension. In all the patients with CO2 retention the (dP/dt)max. response was either at or below the lower limit of the normal range. 4. Although the ventilatory responses correlated significantly with FEV1 there was no such correlation for the (dP/dt)max. responses. 5. The (dP/dt)max. response showed a significant negative correlation with Pa,CO2. 6. It is believed that the (dP/dt)max. response to CO2 can be used to assess central CO2 responsiveness in subjects with airways obstruction independently of mechanical factors limiting their ventilation.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Mar
PMID:Assessment of responsiveness to carbon dioxide in patients with chronic airways obstruction by rate of isometric inspiratory pressure development. 125 30

1. The effect of breathing an anaesthetic aerosol of 5% bupivacaine hydrochloride has been assessed in dog and man. 2. In the dog, the cough reflex was abolished and the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex severely impaired or abolished; breathing became slower and deeper; no pathological changes were found in the lungs of these dogs. 3. In man, no untoward effects resulted from a 10 min period of aerosol inhalation; there were no systematic effects on airway resistance or lung volumes and the cough reflex in response to either tactile or chemical (citric acid aerosol) stimulation was invariably abolished. The Hering-Breuer inflation reflex was impaired, but this was not associated with any change in resting ventilation. The Ve/CO2 response was enhanced after aerosol anaesthesia; subjects felt an exaggerated dyspnoea. The aerosol anaesthesia abolished the afferent pathway of a reflexly elicited bronchoconstriction in one subject. There was no effect on the ability to hold the breath, or on the quality of the associated sensation. 4. Control aerosols of sodium chloride solution or phosphate buffer produced no effects. Control experiments with intravenous infusions of bupivacaine proved that none of the effects could have been produced by systemic effects of the absorbed anaesthetic. 5. Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine in man did not exceed a recognized toxic level. The experiments demonstrate a safe reversible anaesthesia of the airways in man lasting for a period of 10-20 min.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Jun
PMID:The effect of anaesthesia of the airway in dog and man: a study of respiratory reflexes, sensations and lung mechanics. 127 53

We have previously demonstrated that the arachidonic acid (20:4) incorporation into brain lipids differs according to the age of the animals used and the experimental conditions adopted. These differences led to a further investigation of arachidonic acid uptake in both aged and adult rat brains, its transformation into CoA derivatives, its incorporation into diacyl-glycerols and polar lipids, and finally its oxidation to CO2. These metabolic parameters were then compared with those obtained after using the saturated fatty acid palmitate (16:0). In both cases slices or mitochondria from different brain areas of 24-month-old and 4-month-old rats were examined. The results obtained indicate that the uptake of the fatty acids into cells is not modified by age. However, the successive metabolic transformations of the acids are altered to a considerable extent. In particular, in 24-month-old animals (compared with 4-month-old rats) there is a significant decrease of 20:4 in its incorporation into lipids as well as its oxidation to CO2, while arachidonoyl-CoA content increases by about 50%. This increased amount of CoA derivative, which has a potent detergent effect, may interfere with membrane structure and affect membrane physiological functions. Furthermore, because the free arachidonate pool is maintained in a dynamic equilibrium with its esterified forms, the final result may be a perturbation of this equilibrium.
Mol Cell Biochem 1992 Sep 22
PMID:Arachidonic and palmitic acid utilization in aged rat brain areas. 143 63


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