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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In yeast, TFIID strongly associates with nearly all ribosomal protein (RP) promoters, but a TAF-independent form of TBP preferentially associates with other active promoters. RP promoters are regulated in response to growth stimuli, in most cases by a Rap1-containing activator. This Rap1-dependent activator is necessary and sufficient for TFIID recruitment, whereas other activators do not efficiently recruit TFIID. TAFs are recruited to RP promoters even when TBP and other general transcription factors are not associated, suggesting that TFIID recruitment involves a direct activator-TAF interaction. Most RP promoters lack canonical TATA elements, and they are preferentially activated by the Rap1-containing activator. These results demonstrate activator-specific recruitment of TFIID in vivo, and they suggest that TFIID recruitment is important for coordinate expression of RP genes.
Mol Cell 2002 Apr
PMID:Activator-specific recruitment of TFIID and regulation of ribosomal protein genes in yeast. 1198 73

Enhancers when functioning at a distance cannot effectively stimulate transcription from core promoters. We demonstrate that this is due to the inability of enhancer-bound activators to recruit TBP to a distal TATA box. Surprisingly, binding of a transcriptionally inert Oct-1 POU domain near a core promoter enables an enhancer to function from a distance. POU activity neither requires the coactivator OCA-B nor the interaction of TBP with TFIIA. Instead, the POU domain directly facilitates TBP recruitment to the promoter utilizing a bipartite interaction surface. These results establish that an interaction between the DNA binding domain of an activator and TBP can be used to stimulate transcription. Furthermore, they suggest a mechanism for long-range enhancer function in which a TBP complex is preassembled on a promoter via localized recruitment and then acted upon by distal activators.
Mol Cell 2002 Aug
PMID:POU/TBP cooperativity: a mechanism for enhancer action from a distance. 1219 84

A brief survey is presented of salient findings on transcription in the Archaea, focussing on stress genes of the hsp70(dnaK) locus, which code for the molecular chaperones Hsp70(DnaK), Hsp40(DnaJ), and GrpE. Archaeal basal factors and some recently characterized regulators pertinent to non-stress genes are presented first to show their similarities and differences with equivalents in organisms of the other two phylogenetic domains, Bacteria and Eucarya, and to reveal clues on how these or similar factors might transcribe and regulate the archaeal stress genes. The second part of the article deals with the hsp70(dnaK)-locus genes, particularly those from Methanosarcina mazeii, because they are virtually the only ones within the methanogenic Archaea whose patterns of constitutive and stress-induced expressions have been studied. Therefore, these genes, provide a standardized model system to elucidate transcription initiation and regulation at the molecular level in this phylogenetic group. Promoters, and other cis-acting sites that are, or might be, involved in stress-gene expression are described. Conformational changes of basal transcription factors after interaction with stress-gene promoters are discussed that suggest ways for generating a large diversity of initiation complexes using a few factors and DNA sites in different combinations. Likewise, the effects of stress on DNA topology and on TBP-TFB-promoter complex formation and tightness are described, which might also contribute to the generation of transcription-initiation complex diversity. This diversity would be key to differential gene expression, namely, which genes are transcribed, when (basal, steady expression vs. sporadic stress-induced expression), and to what level. Future research should investigate this diversity, and the mechanism of complex formation and action at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels to elucidate the dynamics of transcription initiation in real time.
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2002
PMID:Transcription in the archaea: basal factors, regulation, and stress gene expression. 1223 65

Ss-Lrp, from Sulfolobus solfataricus, is an archaeal homologue of the global bacterial regulator Lrp (Leucine-responsive regulatory protein), which out of all genome-encoded proteins is most similar to Escherichia coli Lrp (E-value of 5.6 e-14). The recombinant protein has been purified as a 68 kDa homotetramer. The specific binding of Ss-Lrp to its own control region is suggestive of negative autoregulation. A high resolution contact map of Ss-Lrp binding was established by DNase I and hydroxyl radical footprinting, small non-intercalating groove-specific ligand-binding interference, and various base-specific premodification and base removal binding interference techniques. We show that Ss-Lrp binds one face of the DNA helix and establishes the most salient contacts with two major groove segments and the intervening minor groove, in a region that overlaps the TATA-box and BRE promoter elements. Therefore, Ss-Lrp most likely exerts autoregulation by preventing promoter recognition by TBP and TFB. Moreover, the results demonstrate profound Ss-Lrp induced structural alterations of sequence stretches flanking the core contact site, and reveal that the deformability of these regions significantly contributes to binding selectivity.
Mol Microbiol 2002 Sep
PMID:High resolution contact probing of the Lrp-like DNA-binding protein Ss-Lrp from the hyperthermoacidophilic crenarchaeote Sulfolobus solfataricus P2. 1235 24

Changes in histone acetylation at promoters correlate with transcriptional activation and repression, but whether acetylation of histones in the coding region of genes is important for transcription is less clear. Here, we show that cells lacking the histone acetyltransferases Gcn5 and Elp3 have widespread and severe histone H3 hypoacetylation in chromatin. Surprisingly, severe hypoacetylation in the promoter does not invariably affect the ability of TBP to bind the TATA element, or transcription of the gene. By contrast, similar hypoacetylation of the coding region correlates with inhibition of transcription, and inhibition correlates better with the overall charge of the histone H3 tail than with hypoacetylation of specific lysine residues. These data provide insights into the effects of histone H3 hypoacetylation in vivo and underscore the importance of the overall charge of the histone tail for transcription.
Mol Cell 2002 Oct
PMID:Transcriptional inhibition of genes with severe histone h3 hypoacetylation in the coding region. 1241 35

ALL-1 is a member of the human trithorax/Polycomb gene family and is also involved in acute leukemia. ALL-1 is present within a stable, very large multiprotein supercomplex composed of > or =29 proteins. The majority of the latter are components of the human transcription complexes TFIID (including TBP), SWI/SNF, NuRD, hSNF2H, and Sin3A. Other components are involved in RNA processing or in histone methylation. The complex remodels, acetylates, deacetylates, and methylates nucleosomes and/or free histones. The complex's H3-K4 methylation activity is conferred by the ALL-1 SET domain. Chromatin immunoprecipitations show that ALL-1 and other complex components examined are bound at the promoter of an active ALL-1-dependent Hox a9 gene. In parallel, H3-K4 is methylated, and histones H3 and H4 are acetylated at this promoter.
Mol Cell 2002 Nov
PMID:ALL-1 is a histone methyltransferase that assembles a supercomplex of proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. 1245 19

Huntington's disease is a dominantly inherited neurological disorder where specific neurodegeneration is caused by an extended polyglutamine stretch in the huntingtin protein. Proteins with expanded polyglutamine regions have the ability to self-aggregate and previous work in our laboratory, and by others, revealed sparse amyloid-like deposits in the Huntington's disease brain, supporting the hypothesis that the polyglutamine stretches may fold into regular beta-sheet structures. This process of folding has similarities to other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and the prion diseases which all exhibit beta-sheet protein accumulation. We were therefore interested in testing the hypothesis that TATA-binding protein may play a role in Huntington's disease as it contains an elongated polymorphic polyglutamine stretch that ranges in size from 26 to 42 amino acids in normal individuals. A proportion of TBP alleles fall within the range of glutamine length that causes neurodegeneration when located in the huntingtin protein. In this study the distribution and cellular localisation of TATA-binding protein was compared to the distribution and cellular localisation of the huntingtin protein in the middle frontal gyrus of Huntington's disease and neurologically normal subjects. Seven different morphological forms of TATA-binding protein-positive structures were detected in Huntington's disease but not in control brain. TATA-binding protein labelling was relatively more abundant than huntingtin labelling and increased with the grade of the disease. At least a proportion of this accumulated TBP exists as insoluble protein. This suggests that TBP may play a role in the disease process.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2002 Dec 30
PMID:Insoluble TATA-binding protein accumulation in Huntington's disease cortex. 1253 10

The TATA box binding protein TBP is highly conserved and the only known basal factor that is involved in transcription by all three eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases from promoters with or without a TATA box. By mutagenesis and analysis on a selected set of four model pol II and pol III TATA box-containing and TATA-less promoters, we demonstrate that human TBP utilizes two modes to achieve its versatile functions. First, it uses a different set of surfaces on the conserved and structured TBP core domain to direct transcription from each of the four model promoters. Second, unlike yeast TBP, human TBP can use a shared surface to interact with two different TFIIB family members--TFIIB and Brf2--to initiate transcription by different RNA polymerases.
Mol Cell 2003 Jan
PMID:A shared surface of TBP directs RNA polymerase II and III transcription via association with different TFIIB family members. 1253 29

A brief survey is presented of salient findings on transcription in the Archaea, focussing on stress genes of the hsp70(dnaK locus, which code for the molecular chaperones Hsp70(DnaK), Hsp40(DnaJ), and GrpE. Archaeal basal factors and some recently characterized regulators pertinent to non-stress genes are presented first to show their similarities and differences with equivalents in organisms of the other two phylogenetic domains, Bacteria and Eucarya, and to reveal clues on how these or similar factors might transcribe and regulate the archaeal stress genes. The second part of the article deals with the hsp70(dnaK)-locus genes, particularly those from Methanosarcina mazeii, because they are virtually the only ones within the methanogenic Archaea whose patterns of constitutive and stress-induced expressions have been studied. Therefore, these genes provide a standardized model system to elucidate transcription initiation and regulation at the molecular level in this phylogenetic group. Promoters, and other cis-acting sites that are, or might be, involved in stress-gene expression are described. Conformational changes of basal transcription factors after interaction with stress-gene promoters are discussed that suggest ways for generating a large diversity of initiation complexes using a few factors and DNA sites in different combinations. Likewise, the effects of stress on DNA topology and on TBP-TFB-promoter complex formation and tightness are described, which might also contribute to the generation of transcription-initiation complex diversity. This diversity would be key to differential gene expression, namely, which genes are transcribed, when (basal, steady expression vs. sporadic stress-induced expression), and to what level. Future research should investigate this diversity, and the mechanism of complex formation and action at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels, to elucidate the dynamics of transcription initiation in real time.
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2002 Dec
PMID:Transcription in the archaea: basal factors, regulation, and stress-gene expression. 1254 Jan 96

We use a modified form of ChIP to analyze the recruitment of seven sets of proteins to the yeast GAL genes upon induction. We resolve three stages of recruitment: first SAGA, then Mediator, and finally Pol II along with four other proteins (including TBP) bind the promoter. In a strain lacking SAGA, Mediator is recruited with a time course indistinguishable from that observed in wild-type cells. Our results are consistent with the notion that a single species of activator, Gal4, separately contacts, and thereby directly recruits, SAGA and Mediator.
Mol Cell 2003 May
PMID:Independent recruitment in vivo by Gal4 of two complexes required for transcription. 1276 53


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