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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A system is presented for transformation of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to resistance against the antibiotic G418. The bacterial resistance gene of the transposon Tn5 is expressed under the control of promoters and transcription terminators from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). The promoter of the S. pombe alcohol dehydrogenase gene has also been used. Transformants can be selected directly on medium containing G418 (up to 1 mg/ml) due to inactivation of G418 by the Tn5 gene product, the aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (II). The plant viral promoter 35S confers higher resistance to G418 than the 19S promoter. This corresponds to the relative strengths of these promoters in plant cells. The strong plant promoter 35S yields resistance comparable to that obtained with the strong S. pombe promoter from the alcohol dehydrogenase gene. The constructions with the two plant promoters have been used on multicopy shuttle plasmids that replicate autonomously in S. pombe and Escherichia coli. In addition the 35S and the 19S constructions have been inserted into the S. pombe genome where they confer G418 resistance as single copy genes. Since vector sequences are excluded in this case, all the necessary signals for expression of G418 resistance are contained within the DNA fragments containing the plant promoters, the resistance gene and the plant terminators. This transformation system is independent of S. pombe mutants. It may be useful for the transformation of other lower eukaryotes. The activity of the CaMV promoters in S. pombe may be exploited for the expression of plant genes in fission yeast.
Mol Gen Genet 1989 Dec
PMID:Cauliflower mosaic virus promoters direct efficient expression of a bacterial G418 resistance gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 255 89

Methods have been developed for the isolation of aleurone protoplasts from developing caryopses of Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum in order to study transient expression of introduced genes. Chimaeric gene constructs were introduced into aleurone protoplasts by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Transient expression directed by the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) of the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) was detected in aleurone protoplasts from developing barley and wheat grains. Using a similar construct, CAT activity increased when the alcohol dehydrogenase intron 1 fragment from maize was ligated between the 35S promoter and the CAT coding region. The demonstration of transient expression in protoplasts from developing aleurone layers indicates that they may be useful for investigating tissue and developmental control of genes coding for cereal seed proteins.
Plant Mol Biol 1989 Jul
PMID:Transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat. 256 57

Anaerobiosis rapidly induces alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an enzyme of the fermentation pathway, in different parts of rice seedlings. After initiation of anaerobiosis, the activity of the enzyme increases linearly for 3 days or more. The ADH activity is anaerobically inducible even in mature rice leaves in contrast to maize which shows no induction in mature leaves. Rice ADH activity can also be induced by an auxin analog, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, under aerobic conditions. The experimental results show that anaerobiosis increases the ADH mRNA level, indicating that the ADH enzyme is regulated at the transcriptional level. Starch gel electrophoresis of a protein extract from rice shows 3 distinct forms of ADH. The amounts of the 3 forms vary with the organ, suggesting that the expression of ADH genes is organ-specific. Sequencing data show that the two different cloned cDNA copies of ADH mRNAs are derived from two different genes.
Plant Mol Biol 1989 Jul
PMID:Rice alcohol dehydrogenase genes: anaerobic induction, organ specific expression and characterization of cDNA clones. 256 60

We have established an experimental system for reconstitution of an individual nucleosome on a closed DNA microdomain (operationally defined as a DNA domain of a size so small as to be unable to establish titratable superhelical turns). The microdomain (185 base-pairs (bp), composed of 128 bp encompassing the central part of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH II promoter plus 57 bp of a polylinker) was obtained by ligation under conditions that produced three circularized forms characterized by different linkage numbers. These linkomers were tested for nucleosome reconstitution with S. cerevisiae histones. It was observed that only microcircles with linkage reduction (delta Lk = 1 or 2) could form a nucleosome, as defined by protection of a 145(+/- 2) bp DNA fragment from micrococcal nuclease, relaxed forms (open or closed circles) could not.
J Mol Biol 1989 Jun 05
PMID:Linkage reduction allows reconstitution of nucleosomes on DNA microdomains. 266 37

Serum albumin gene expression is generally extinguished in hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids. To define the genetic basis of this phenomenon, we screened a panel of hepatoma hybrids retaining different fibroblast chromosomes for albumin production by immunofluorescence. We report that albumin extinction in these clones was strictly correlated with the retention of mouse chromosome 1. Furthermore, albumin was systematically reexpressed in chromosome 1 segregants. These data define a tissue-specific extinguisher locus (Tse-2) that affects albumin gene expression in trans. Two other liver genes, those encoding liver alcohol dehydrogenase and liv-10, were coordinately extinguished with albumin in monochromosomal hybrids that specifically retained mouse chromosome 1.
Mol Cell Biol 1989 Sep
PMID:Tse-2: a trans-dominant extinguisher of albumin gene expression in hepatoma hybrid cells. 277 64

Insertion of the transposable element Ty at the ADH4 locus results in increased levels of a new alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The DNA sequence of this locus has been determined. It contains a long open reading frame which is not homologous to the other ADH isozymes that have been characterized in S. cerevisiae nor does it show obvious homology to Drosophila ADH. The hypothetical ADH does, however, show strong homology to the sequence of an iron-activated ADH from the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis. Thus ADH4 appears to encode an ADH structural gene which, along with the Zymomonas enzyme, may define a new family of alcohol dehydrogenases.
Mol Gen Genet 1987 Sep
PMID:Homology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH4 to an iron-activated alcohol dehydrogenase from Zymomonas mobilis. 282 79

A worldwide sample of 37 X chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster was analyzed with four restriction endonucleases for a 60-kb region of the Notch locus. Any two randomly chosen homologous chromosomes were heterozygous at one in 143 nucleotides (theta = 0.007). The chromosomes that were sampled contained no more than one insertion/deletion. The four insertions and one deletion observed in the 37 chromosomes sampled were located 3' to the Notch transcript; one insertion was represented twice in the sample. The amount of linkage disequilibrium in the Notch region appears to be lower than that of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in D. melanogaster. The few instances of linkage disequilibrium observed could be due to geographic differentiation of African populations. The genetic variation estimates in the Notch region were comparable with those of the alcohol dehydrogenase region in D. melanogaster, suggesting that molecular genetic variation on the X chromosome is not dramatically reduced by selection against slightly deleterious alleles.
Mol Biol Evol 1988 Jan
PMID:Restriction-map variation in the Notch region of Drosophila melanogaster. 283 76

The alcR positive control gene is necessary for the expression of both alcA (coding for alcohol dehydrogenase ADH I), and aldA (coding for aldehyde dehydrogenase, AldDH) in Aspergillus nidulans. Using a cloned alcR probe and Northern blots analysis we show that: (1) alcR itself is inducible; (2) alcR inducibility depends on the expression of the alcR gene itself; and (3) alcR is subject to carbon catabolite repression and its expression is controlled by the negatively acting creA wide specificity gene. The repression of alcR is sufficient to explain the carbon catabolite repression of ADH I and AldDH.
Mol Microbiol 1987 Nov
PMID:Regulation of alcR, the positive regulatory gene of the ethanol utilization regulon of Aspergillus nidulans. 283 22

The alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) region from five planitibia subgroup species of Hawaiian picture-wing Drosophila has been cloned. A total of 15 kb of DNA in and around the Adh gene has been compared among the five species. Genetic distances were calculated to determine evolutionary relationships. These distances agree with previous distances determined by protein polymorphism and DNA hybridization techniques and can be interpreted in terms of specific island colonization and speciation (founder) events over the past 5 Myr. Examination of the restriction maps of the cloned Adh region from the five species shows many instances of small deletions, insertion of a transposable element in D. heteroneura, and the existence of a highly variable region on the 3' side of the Adh gene. Clustering relationships and rates of DNA change are calculated and compared with the relationship found for other species of Drosophila.
Mol Biol Evol 1988 Jul
PMID:DNA divergence in and around the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in five closely related species of Hawaiian Drosophila. 284 56

Promoters were isolated at random from the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using a plasmid that contains a divergently arrayed pair of promoterless reporter genes. A comprehensive library was constructed by inserting random (DNase I-generated) fragments into the intergenic region upstream from the reporter genes. Simple in vivo assays for either reporter gene product (alcohol dehydrogenase or beta-galactosidase) allowed the rapid identification of promoters from among these random fragments. Poly(dA-dT) homopolymer tracts were present in three of five randomly cloned promoters. With two exceptions, each RNA start site detected was 40 to 100 base pairs downstream from a TATA element. All of the randomly cloned promoters were capable of activating reporter gene transcription bidirectionally. Interestingly, one of the promoter fragments originated in a region of the S. cerevisiae rDNA spacer; regulated divergent transcription (presumably by RNA polymerase II) initiated in the same region.
Mol Cell Biol 1988 Oct
PMID:Properties of promoters cloned randomly from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. 284 31


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