Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been reported that myofibroblasts contain actin and that Ito cells are positive for desmin. The distribution of desmin and actin detected by immunofluorescence, of vitamin A autofluorescence and of Sudan III staining of lipid droplets has been evaluated in sequential stages of experimental liver fibrosis induced in rats by intraperitoneal injections of swine serum. In the normal rat liver Ito cells were positive for desmin and weakly positive for actin. Prior to the development of hepatic fibrosis a clearcut increase in number and desmin staining of lobular Ito cells was observed in treated rats, but the overall actin pattern was unchanged. In the fibrotic rat livers, highly cellular septa contained large numbers of strongly desmin-positive, actin-weakly positive Ito cells and strongly desmin- and actin-positive myofibroblasts. These observations indicate that both Ito cells and myofibroblasts are positive for desmin, but only myofibroblasts contain large amounts of actin. Visualization of actin and desmin using relatively simple techniques, allows the monitoring of Ito cells proliferation, the accumulation of these cells in fibrous septa and their evolution into myofibroblasts as characterized by their increased desmin and actin content; it also allows an indirect evaluation of the process of fibrogenesis.
Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1988
PMID:Desmin and actin in the identification of Ito cells and in monitoring their evolution to myofibroblasts in experimental liver fibrosis. 290

This study examined the effects of a larval Echinostoma caproni infection on the neutral lipid composition of the digestive gland-gonad complex (DGG) of Biomphalaria glabrata snails fed hen's egg yolk supplemented with lettuce (Y-L) or lettuce supplemented with Tetramin (L-T). Snails were experimentally infected with the miracidial stage of this echinostome, and their DGGs containing daughter rediae were analyzed for neutral lipids five weeks post-infection by qualitative and quantitative thin-layer chromatography. Light microscopy using Oil Red O (ORO) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to localize neutral lipids in the rediae. The DGGs of infected snails maintained on the Y-L diet showed a significant increase in free sterols and a significant decrease in triacylglycerols compared to uninfected snails maintained on the Y-L diet. The DGGs of infected snails maintained on the L-T diet showed no significant difference in free sterols or triacylglycerols compared to uninfected snails maintained on the L-T diet. ORO staining and TEM showed the presence of lipid droplets in rediae from snails on the Y-L diet. The significant decrease in triacylglycerols in the DGGs of infected snails maintained on the Y-L diet suggests that triacylglycerols were utilized by the rediae.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1995 Apr
PMID:Effects of diet on the lipid composition of the digestive gland-gonad complex of Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda) infected with larval Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda). 774 24

This study tests the hypothesis that increased levels of plasma lipids can accelerate accumulation of myocardial triacylglycerols in post-ischemic but viable myocardium. Two groups of dogs underwent 90 min of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by 240 min of reperfusion. The first group of saline-treated dogs (n = 7) had physiological levels of plasma lipids during reperfusion: a second group treated with Liposyn and heparin (n = 5) experienced increased plasma lipids during reperfusion. The transmural content of triacylglycerols was determined during ischemia and reperfusion using 1H NMR one-dimensional chemical shift imaging (1D CSI), and at the end of reperfusion using Oil Red-O staining and chemical assay. TTC staining was used to identify the extent of irreversibly injured myocardium. Subepicardial and plasma triacylglycerol content, measured both by 1D CSI and chemically, did not change during reperfusion in saline-treated dogs. Infusing dogs with Liposyn and heparin for 90 min during reperfusion transiently elevated their plasma triacylglycerols, which returned to normal levels following Liposyn wash-out. During Liposyn wash-out, myocardial triacylglycerols measured by 1D CSI preferentially increased in the subepicardium of area-at-risk myocardium (P < 0.05). Triacylglycerol content, measured chemically, also increased in area-at-risk compared to non-ischemic subepicardium (P < 0.001). Significant endocardial damage occurred in both groups, but elevated levels of plasma lipids did not increase the size of the area-at-risk. Therefore, elevated plasma lipids caused a preferential accumulation of triacylglycerols in area-at-risk myocardium during reperfusion without exacerbating irreversible ischemic injury. These results are consistent with either inhibited fatty acid oxidation or mis-matched fatty acid extraction and oxidation in area-at-risk myocardium.
J Mol Cell Cardiol 1997 Feb
PMID:1H NMR measurement of triacylglycerol accumulation in the post-ischemic canine heart after transient increase of plasma lipids. 914 Aug 7

The infectivity of Steinernema carpocapsae dauer larvae (infective juveniles) remained nearly constant up to 60 days of storage in water at 25 degrees C and then declined rapidly over the next 30 days. Few individuals remained infective after 120 days. Concurrent measurements showed that the mean neutral lipid content of individual S. carpocapsae declined to about 10% of initial levels after 60 days, and staining of individual nematodes with Oil Red O indicated that the population was almost homogeneous for low levels of neutral lipids. In contrast, the mean glycogen content of S. carpocapsae only declined significantly between 60 and 90 days of storage. These results show that the decline in infectivity in S. carpocapsae is correlated primarily with the decline in glycogen reserves and suggests that glycogen is the key late energy store in aged infective juveniles. In contrast, Steinernema feltiae dauer larva showed a much more gradual decline in infectivity over a 150- to 180-day storage period with a concurrent decline in neutral lipids, whereas glycogen levels declined up to 90 days of storage and then remained nearly constant. Thus, unlike S. carpocapsae, neutral lipids remain an important energy store in S. feltiae during storage, although glycogen also appears to be important, at least initially.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1997 Oct
PMID:Relative importance of neutral lipids and glycogen as energy stores in dauer larvae of two entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema feltiae. 944 Feb 20

In a previous report we demonstrated that androgens markedly stimulate accumulation of lipid droplets in LNCaP cells. The effects were already evident at low concentrations of androgens optimal for proliferation but became much more pronounced at high concentrations optimal for differentiation. In the present report we explored whether other agonists acting by nuclear receptors and modulating LNCaP growth and differentiation also affect lipid accumulation. The agonists investigated were 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (VD3), all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), and triiodothyronine (T3). Lipid accumulation was evaluated by Oil Red O staining followed by image analysis of Oil Red O-stained cells or by extraction and measurement of absorbency. Only marginal effects were noted for VD3 and T3. The atRA, on the contrary, increased lipid staining 5-12-fold. This effect required high concentrations of retinoids (10[-6] M) and was accompanied by growth stimulation. Lipid accumulation was less pronounced than that observed with maximally effective concentrations of androgens (10[-3] M R1881). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and enzymatic determination of the various lipid fractions demonstrated that retinoids increase triacylglycerides and an unidentified lipid fraction with a slightly higher mobility. In contrast with androgens, however, they did not stimulate the accumulation of cholesterol esters. Incorporation studies with [2-14C]acetate revealed that the increased accumulation of the mentioned lipids is related both to increased synthesis and to decreased secretion. Retinoid-induced lipid accumulation is accompanied by increased steady-state levels of the mRNA encoding fatty acid synthase (FAS), a key enzyme involved in lipid synthesis, while the expression of HMG-CoA-reductase, an enzyme controlling cholesterol synthesis is only marginally affected. It is concluded that retinoids share the ability of androgens to increase lipid accumulation in LNCaP cells. The nature of the lipids affected by both agonists, however, differs at least in part suggesting that the underlying mechanisms may also be different. For the studied compounds (androgens, VD3, atRA, and T3) no simple and consistent relationship could be observed between their ability to decrease proliferation and increase differentiation on the one hand and their ability to promote lipid accumulation on the other hand.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1997 Dec 31
PMID:Retinoids stimulate lipid synthesis and accumulation in LNCaP prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. 951 66

A clottable protein was purified from the hemolymph of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) by sequential DEAE anion-exchange chromatography. The protein formed stable clots in the presence of Ca2+ and the transglutaminase in hemocyte lysate. It is thermostable at temperatures up to 66 degrees C. The molecular mass of the clottable protein was determined to be 380 kDa by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and the protein exists as disulfide-linked homodimers and oligomers. The size and amino acid composition of the clottable protein are similar to those of several other shrimps, prawns, lobster and crayfish, and their N-terminal amino acid sequences are 60-80% identical. Monosaccharide analysis of the clottable protein revealed the presence of mannose, glucosamine or N-acetylglucosamine and possibly glucose in this glycoprotein of about 5% sugar content. Lipid in the protein upon electrophoresis was hardly detectable with the Oil Red O staining method. In immunodiffusion and immunoblotting analyses, the anti-clottable protein antibodies reacted with the clottable proteins from the penaeid shrimps but not with those from other crustaceans.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1998 Oct
PMID:The hemolymph clottable proteins of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and related species. 997 92

Plasma from the Antarctic toothfish, Dissostichus mawsoni, a member of the advanced teleost Nototheniidae family, was analysed. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed a major diffuse anionic protein that bound [14C]palmitic acid but not 63Ni2+, and two more cationic proteins that bound 63Ni2+ but not palmitate. Oil Red O staining following cellulose acetate electrophoresis indicated that the palmitate binding protein was a lipoprotein. Two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that this palmitate binding band was composed of three proteins with M(r) of 11, 30, and 42 kDa, without any trace of material at approximately 65 kDa, the mass of albumin. N-terminal sequencing of the palmitate binding band gave a major sequence of DAAQPSQELR-, indicating a high degree of homology to apolipoprotein A-I (apo-AI), the major apolipoprotein of high density lipoprotein (HDL). N-terminal sequencing of the major nickel binding band produced a sequence with no homology to albumin. When ultracentrifugation was used to isolate the lipoproteins from Antarctic toothfish plasma, the palmitate binding protein was found solely in the lipoprotein fraction. In competitive binding experiments, added human albumin did not prevent palmitate binding to toothfish HDL. In conclusion, there is no evidence for albumin in Antarctic toothfish plasma and HDL assumes the role of fatty acid transport.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1999 Oct
PMID:The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) lacks plasma albumin and utilises high density lipoprotein as its major palmitate binding protein. 1058 98

A very high-density lipoprotein (VHDL) purified from the hemolymph of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei is shown to be identical to the clotting protein (CP) previously reported from the same organism based on size, subunits and N-terminal amino acid sequence. The approximately 440-kDa protein, a homodimer of approximately 200-kDa subunits, was present in KBr gradient fractions ranging in density from 1.155 to 1.212 g/ml. Samples of VHDL after purification by strong cation exchange chromatography were subjected to electrophoresis on native polyacrylamide gels. Lipids associated with the VHDL were detected by Sudan Black and Oil Red O staining and comprise 9-15% of the purified protein. Circular dichroism of VHDL-CP indicates that the alpha-helix content of the VHDL-CP is 32%, while beta-sheets correspond to 33%, closely resembling the secondary structure of CP from the shrimp Penaeus monodon and, remarkably, the secondary structure of very high-density lipophorin E (VHDLpE) from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002 Jul
PMID:Molecular characterization of the bifunctional VHDL-CP from the hemolymph of white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. 1209 Nov 4

Vitellin (Vt) was purified from ovary extracts of mature females of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei using Sepharose CL-4B and Q-Sepharose columns. Native Vt had an apparent molecular weight of 388 kDa as detected in Native-PAGE, bound the lipophilic dye Oil Red O and had a total lipid content of approximately 43.8%. Under reducing and denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE), Vt is composed of three major subunits of 87, 78 and 46 kDa, although minor bands of 65, 61 and 31 kDa are also detected. The 87- and 78-kDa polypeptides were strongly recognized by Penaeus semisulcatus anti-Vt polyclonal and Penaeus monodon anti-Vt monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 78-kDa polypeptide is very similar to Penaeus japonicus vitellogenin (Vg) and P. semisulcatus Vt, with an identity of 76%. Circular dichroism indicates that the beta-helix content of Vt is 25% while beta-sheets correspond to 37 and 14% of unordered secondary structure. These values are similar to insect microvitellogenin. Vt has an emission fluorescence maximum at 329 nm, comparable to the shrimp high-density lipoprotein/beta-glucan binding protein (HDL/BGBP).
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002 Nov
PMID:Molecular characterization of vitellin from the ovaries of the white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. 1243 4

Fatty degeneration is observed in various neuromuscular diseases, but the mechanism(s) of its initiation remains unclear. To gain insight into the regulation of fatty degeneration, we employed a freeze-induced model of muscle degeneration/regeneration. Using this model, we examined the distribution of adipocyte-like cells with Oil Red-O staining and the expression pattern of adipogenic transcriptional factors, an adipocyte-terminal differentiation marker, and Wnt10b signaling molecules during muscle regeneration. Mice were subjected to freeze injury, and the gastrocnemius muscles were isolated 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 28 days after surgery. Adipocyte-like cells with nuclei were readily observed, but not in normal muscle. Large amount of lipid accumulation was also observed in regenerating muscle. The area of Oil Red-O staining was significantly increased from 3 to 5 days after muscle injury and then rapidly decreased to almost control levels by day 10. Adipogenic transcriptional factors, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins alpha, beta and delta, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors gamma1 and gamma2, and the terminal differentiation marker, leptin were significantly up-regulated in the early stage of muscle regeneration, suggesting activation of the adipogenic potential. Secreted Frizzled-related protein-2, a Wnt pathway inhibitory protein, was strongly up-regulated 3 days after muscle injury, suggesting active repression of the Wnt10b pathway. In regenerating muscle, expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma2 proteins were increased 3 days after muscle injury. Taken together, our results suggest that adipogenic potential can be activated during muscle regeneration through increased adipogenic signaling in conjunction with decreased Wnt10b signaling.
Mol Cell Biochem 2007 Oct
PMID:Adipogenic potential can be activated during muscle regeneration. 1748 58


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>